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The article presents a study which focuses on impact of zoletil combined acupuncture anesthesia on the stress hormones-catecholamine (CA) of canine. The study uses the enzyme linked sorbent (ELISA) experiment to detect the CA and opioid peptide (OP) of the collected plasma samples. Results show the different dosage of injection drug in the combined acupuncture and drug group.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in women, yet it has not raised the awareness from the public. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between females and males concerning the effect of sex hormones. Estrogen and progestogen impact cardiovascular system through genomic and non-genomic effects. Before menopause, cardiovascular protective effects of estrogens have been well described. Progestogens were often used in combination with estrogens in hormone therapy. Fluctuations in sex hormone levels, particularly estrogen deficiency, were considered the specific risk factor in women's cardiovascular disease. However, considerable heterogeneity in the impact of hormone therapy was observed in clinical trials. The heterogeneity is likely closely associated with factors such as the initial time, administration route, dosage, and formulation of hormone therapy. This review will delve into the pathogenesis and hormone therapy, summarizing the effect of female sex hormones on hypertension, pre-eclampsia, coronary heart disease, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and cardiovascular risk factors specific to women., (© 2024 JGC All rights reserved; www.jgc301.com.)

Purpose: Recurrent renal cell carcinoma(reRCC) is associated with poor prognosis and the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. A comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) of reRCC may aid in designing effective anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Single-cell transcriptomics holds great promise for investigating the TME, however, this technique has not been used in reRCC. Here, we aimed to explore the difference in the TME and gene expression pattern between primary RCC (pRCC) and reRCC at single-cell level., Experimental Design: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of 32,073 cells from 2 pRCC, 2 reRCC, and 3 adjacent normal kidney samples. 41 pairs of pRCC and reRCC samples were collected as a validation cohort to assess differences observed in single-cell sequencing. The prognostic significance of related cells and markers were studied in 47 RCC patients underwent immunotherapy. The function of related cells and markers were validated via in vitro and in vivo experiments., Results: reRCC had reduced CD8 + T cells but increased cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration compared with pRCC. Reduced CD8 + T cells and increased CAFs infiltration were significantly associated with a worse response from immunotherapy. Remarkably, CAFs showed substantial expression of LGALS1 (Gal1). In vitro, CAFs could induce CD8 + T cells apoptosis via Gal1. In vivo, knockdown of Gal1 in CAFs suppressed tumor growth, increased CD8 + T cells infiltration, reduced the proportion of apoptotic CD8 + T cells and enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy., Conclusions: We delineated the heterogeneity of reRCC and highlighted an innovative mechanism that CAFs acted as a suppressor of CD8 + T cells via Gal1. Targeting Gal1 combined with anti-PD1 showed promising efficacy in treating RCC., Competing Interests: Competing interests: There are no competing interests, (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a lethal disease with poor treatment response and a high death rate. Immune cells infiltrating the tumor tissues have been shown to play a vital role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, but their prognostic significance in MIBC remains unclear., Objectives: To explore the landscape and prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in MIBC, and to develop a model to improve the prognostic predictions of MIBC., Methods and Materials: The gene expression profile and clinical data of MIBC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas portal. The fractions of 22 TIIC subtypes were calculated using the Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm. A TIICs-based model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression in a training cohort and validated in the validation cohort., Results: Ten types of TIICs demonstrated different infiltration abundance between MIBC and normal tissue. We also found 11 types of TIICs that were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). A TIICs-based model was established, consisting of 15 types of immune cells, and an immunoscore was calculated. Significant differences in OS were found between the high and low immunoscore groups, in both training ( n = 343) and validation ( n = 146) cohorts. The model could identify patients who would have worse OS despite having similar clinical characteristics. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified the immunoscore as an independent risk factor (hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval; 2.22-4.70) for OS in MIBC patients., Conclusion: The landscape of immune infiltration is different between MIBC and normal tissue. The TIICs-based model could provide promising predictive value to complement the existing staging system for predicting the OS of MIBC patients., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2020.)