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In order to objectively and accurately assess the airborne flight posture in the trajectory-based operation (TBO) mode, a flight posture assessment method based on complex network and MFIM-TOPSIS is proposed. Firstly, the precise protection zone of different aircraft types is established by analyzing the risk of lateral collision between aircraft, and the flight conflict network is constructed by using the three-dimensional velocity barrier method, which is close to the TBO air operation environment, based on which six network topology indexes, such as total node degree, average point strength and network density, are selected to build the flight attitude assessment index system. To weaken the influence of the assessment subjectivity, an interaction matrix that can reflect subjective factors-objective factors is proposed. The maximum information coefficient is used to improve the coding of interaction matrix. Finally the flight attitude level status is assessed by using the superiority-disadvantage solution distance method. The simulation analysis and the example analysis of Takasaki Airport show that the evaluation model can accurately assess the air traffic situation and provide auxiliary information for controllers' decision making and command.

Background: There are currently many studies on predictive models for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that do not use dietary macronutrients for prediction. This study aims to provide a non-invasive model incorporating dietary information to predict the risk of CVD in adults. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) spanning the years 2004 to 2015. The dataset was divided into training and validation sets at ratio of 7:3. Variables were screened by LASSO, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to construct the 10-year risk prediction model of CVD. The model's performance was assessed using the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) for discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Results: This study included 5,186 individuals, with males accounting for 48.1% and a mean age of 46.39 ± 13.74 years, and females accounting for 51.9% and a mean age of 47.36 ± 13.29 years. The incidence density was 10.84/1000 person years. The model ultimately incorporates 11 non-invasive predictive factors, including dietary-related, demographic indicators, lifestyle behaviors, and disease history. Performance measures for this model were significant (AUC = 0.808 [(95%CI: 0.778–0.837], C-index = 0.797 [0.765–0.829]). After applying the model to internal validation cohorts, the AUC and C-index were 0.799 (0.749–0.838), and 0.788 (0.737–0.838), respectively. The calibration and DCA curves showed that the non-invasive model has relatively high stability, with a good net return. Conclusions: We developed a simple and rapid non-invasive model predictive of CVD for the next 10 years among Chinese adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND:Pneumoconiosis may play an important role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the complication of COPD may impose a heavy burden of illness. METHODS:The study was conducted in Hunan Province in China from December 1, 2015, to December 1, 2016. Consecutive underground male pneumoconiosis patients employed for at least 1 year were recruited from the Hunan Occupational Disease Prevention Institute. Patient information, respiratory symptoms and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The diagnosis of COPD were assessed using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the clinical and demographic risk factors of COPD among pneumoconiosis patients. RESULTS:The prevalence of COPD in our sample of pneumoconiosis patients was 18.65% (119/638). In pneumoconiosis patients with and without smoking history, the prevalence of COPD was 19.32 and 16.77%. Compared with non-COPD patients, those with COPD are older in age, have longer exposure time, have lower body mass index (BMI), have a higher smoking index and have worse pulmonary function (all p

This paper takes the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) as a sample to assess the long-term impacts of domestic violence experienced in childhood on individuals. First, from the four dimensions of injury from violence, negligent care, emotional abuse and witness to domestic violence, an indicator system for quantifying domestic violence is constructed. Second, the simultaneous equation of self-evaluation health and life satisfaction is estimated by the seemingly unrelated regression model. Starting with education, health and life satisfaction, the long-term impact of domestic violence experiences on individuals is quantitatively assessed, providing empirical evidence for preventing and curing domestic violence and healing trauma. The empirical research shows the following: (1) An experience of domestic violence significantly reduces educational achievements. Compared with the three dimensions of injury from violence, negligent care and witnessing domestic violence, emotional abuse has the greatest negative impact on educational achievements. (2) Domestic violence significantly reduces the self-assessed health level and life satisfaction and increases the subjective mental health risk. Based on the complexity and concealment of domestic violence, combined with empirical research conclusions, this paper proposes countermeasures to prevent and control domestic violence.

Palladium–Platinum (Pd–Pt) alloys have excellent hydrogen isotope separation properties near room temperature compared to pure palladium (Pd), and are expected to be used as filling materials in thermal cyclic absorption (TCAP) columns. However, most studies on the thermodynamic and kinetic hydrogen isotope effects of hydrogen absorption/deuterium in Pd–Pt alloys have been conducted at temperatures of 273 K or above, with few studies involving the performance of TCAP in the cold-cycle operating temperature range (253 K–303 K). In this work, the performance of Pd-5wt.%Pt alloy for the absorption of hydrogen/deuterium at low temperatures (263 K–323 K) was investigated. The results show that the enthalpy and entropy of dissolution of hydrogen and deuterium in the α-phase of Pd-5wt.%Pt alloy are −11.77 kJ/mol (H), 104.00 J mol−1 K−1(H); −5.50 kJ/mol (D), 87.88 J mol−1 K−1 (D), respectively, which are lower than the enthalpy and entropy change values of pure Pd materials. The apparent reaction activation energies of protium and deuterium absorption are −4.14 kJ/mol (H 2) and −11.87 kJ/mol (D 2), respectively, which are lower than those of pure palladium. The excellent hydrogen isotope separation performance of Pd–Pt alloys may originate from the fast hydrogen absorption and discharge isotope kinetic performance. • The introduction of Pt affects the thermodynamic properties of palladium. • Catalytic dissociation of Pt and powder particle size affect the solid solution of Pd–Pt with hydrogen. • The Pt structure enhances the protium-deuterium separation at low H/Pd. • Negative apparent reaction activation energy for deuterium and deuterium absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) document suggests that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be divided into a less symptomatic group. Moreover, single-inhaled drugs are recommended as initial inhalation therapy for them. However, many less symptomatic patients are provided double or triple-inhaled drugs as initial therapy in the real world. This study aimed to describe the inhalation prescriptions and compare the effects of different inhalation therapies on less symptomatic COPD patients. This was an observational study. Stable COPD patients were recruited and divided into a less symptomatic group including Groups A and C based on the GOLD 2019 document. We collected the data of inhalation therapies prescriptions. Then, the patients were classified into long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) + inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), LABA + LAMA, and LABA + LAMA + ICS groups. All the patients were followed up for 1 year to collect exacerbation and mortality data. We found that only 45.4% of patients in Group A and 43.6% of patients in Group C received reasonable inhalation therapy in reference to the GOLD document. In addition, the LAMA group had a higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1%pred, FEV1/forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow compared with LABA + ICS, LABA + LAMA and LABA + LAMA + ICS groups. However, we did not find any significant differences of exacerbation, hospitalization and mortality during the follow-up among different inhalation therapies groups on less symptomatic COPD patients. Over half of the less symptomatic patients received inhalation therapy that were inconsistent with the GOLD document recommendations in a Chinese population in the real world. In fact, the single inhaled drug of LAMA should be recommended and pulmonary function is not a good indicator for the choice of initial inhalation therapy in less symptomatic COPD patients. Over half of the less symptomatic COPD patients received inhalation therapy that were inconsistent with the GOLD document recommendations in a Chinese population in the real world. The clinicians should offer a single inhaled drug of LAMA to less symptomatic COPD patients and pulmonary function is not a good indicator for the choice of initial inhalation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 report revised the combined assessment, merged the C and D groups into the E group, and revised the initial inhalation therapy recommendation. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the future exacerbation and mortality of different inhalation therapies among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in various groups based on the GOLD 2017 and GOLD 2023 reports. Design: This is a multicenter and retrospective study. Methods: Stable COPD patients from the database setup by 12 hospitals were enrolled. The patients were divided into Groups A, B, C, D, and E according to the GOLD 2017 and GOLD 2023 reports. Then, the patients were classified into long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) + inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), LABA + LAMA, and LABA + LAMA + ICS subgroups. Data on exacerbation and death during 1 year of follow-up were collected. Results: A total of 4623 patients were classified into Group A (15.0%), Group B (37.8%), Group C (7.3%), Group D (39.9%), and Group E (47.2%). The exacerbation, frequent exacerbation, and mortality showed no differences between different inhalation therapies in Groups A and C. Patients treated with LABA + LAMA or LABA + LAMA + ICS had a lower incidence of exacerbation and frequent exacerbation than patients treated with LAMA or LABA + ICS in Groups B, D, and E. The exacerbation, frequent exacerbation, and mortality showed no differences between different inhalation therapies after combining Groups A with C. Conclusion: Patients in Group A should be recommended to undergo mono-LAMA, while patients in Groups B and E should be recommended treatment with LABA + LAMA, which is consistent with the GOLD 2023 report. However, it is worth considering merging Groups A and C into a single group and recommending mono-LAMA as the initial inhalation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of airspace sector demarcation can help controllers to deal with complex air situations, provide reference for air traffic control services, reduce the workload of controllers, and ensure safe and efficient airspace operation. Based on complex network theory, this paper proposes a sector division method based on a mean shift clustering algorithm and a Voronoi diagram. Firstly, a flight conflict network is constructed based on the structural characteristics of the airborne flight situation, combined with the three-dimensional velocity barrier method and the aircraft protected area model. Secondly, six network topology indexes, such as the total node degree, average point strength and network density, are selected to construct the flight-situation-assessment index system, and the busy and idle time segments of the airspace are divided according to the comprehensive network indexes; finally, based on the historical flight data, the airborne aircraft in the busy and idle time segments are clustered using the mean shift clustering algorithm and the Voronoi diagram method, respectively, so as to obtain a sector division scheme. The simulation results show that this method can equalize the network topology indexes and provide a reference for the scientific allocation of controllers' energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]