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Perylene diimides (PDIs) have garnered considerable attention due to their immense potential in photocatalysis. However, manipulating the molecular packing within their aggregates and enhancing the efficiency of photogenerated carrier recombination remain significant challenges. In this study, we demonstrate the incorporation of a PDI unit into a covalent organic framework (COF), named PDI‐PDA, by linking an ortho‐substituted PDI with p‐phenylenediamine (PDA) to control its intermolecular aggregation. The incorporation enables precise modulation of electron‐transfer dynamics, leading to a ten‐fold increase in the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation of thioether to sulfoxide with PDI‐PDA compared to the PDI molecular counterpart, with yields exceeding 90 %. Electron property studies and density functional theory calculations show that the PDI‐PDA with its well‐defined crystal structure, enhances π–π stacking and lowers the electron transition barrier. Moreover, the strong electron‐withdrawing ability of the PDI unit promotes the spatial separation of the valency band maximum and conduction band minimum of PDI‐PDA, suppressing the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and improving the charge‐separation efficiency to give high photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides a brief but effective way for improving the photocatalytic efficiency of commonly used PDI‐based dyes by integrating them into a framework skeleton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examined whether insecurely attached individuals exhibit an attention bias to emotional information, and further tested the potential moderating role of stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, and attention stage. Background: Attachment style can predict people's attention to emotional information. However, the empirical findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to determine the associations between attachment style and attention bias to emotional information. Method: We included 68 studies (N = 5417) across 46 published and unpublished articles (the initial pool was 627 articles) in the meta‐analysis. Results: People high on attachment avoidance exhibited decreased attention toward emotional stimuli (d = −0.129, p = 0.020), which was not affected by stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, or attention stage. Conversely, people high on attachment anxiety exhibited increased attention toward emotional stimuli, especially under stress, if the information was attachment‐related, and during late‐stage attentional processing. They exhibited an early bias away from and a late bias toward emotional information, which was intensified under stress. Conclusion: Our findings support the proposition that people high on attachment avoidance use deactivating strategies in attentional processing; whereas people high on attachment anxiety use hyperactivating strategies, especially when resources are limited (under stress). When resources are available, and it is relatively early in the process, people high on attachment anxiety respond similarly to those high on attachment avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of self‐charging supercapacitor power cells (SCSPCs) has profound implications for smart electronic devices used in different fields. Here, we epitaxially electrodeposited Mo‐ and Fe‐codoped MnO2 films on piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays (NAs) grown on the flexible carbon cloth (denoted ZnO@Mo‐Fe‐MnO2 NAs). A self‐charging supercapacitor power cell device was assembled with the Mo‐ and Fe‐codoped MnO2 nanoarray electrode and poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐Trfe) piezoelectric film doped with BaTiO3 (BTO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (denoted PVDF‐Trfe/CNTs/BTO). The self‐charging supercapacitor power cell device exhibited an energy density of 30 μWh cm−2 with a high power density of 40 mW cm−2 and delivered an excellent self‐charging performance of 363 mV (10 N) driven by both the piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays and the poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) piezoelectric film doped with BaTiO3 and carbon nanotubes. More intriguingly, the device could also be self‐charged by 184 mV due to residual stress alone and showed excellent energy conversion efficiency and low self‐discharge rate. This work illustrates for the first time the self‐charging mechanism involving electrolyte ion migration driven by both electrodes and films. A comprehensive analysis strongly confirmed the important contribution of the piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays in the self‐charging process of the self‐charging supercapacitor power cell device. This work provides novel directions and insights for the development of self‐charging supercapacitor power cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The kinetic process of a slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) always constrains the efficiency of overall water electrolysis for H2 production. In particular, nonprecious metal electrodes for the OER have difficulty in possessing excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability in pH‐universal media simultaneously. In this work, urea is first used as a pore‐forming agent and active C/N source to fabricate a nanoporous NiFeCoCN medium‐entropy alloy (MEA) by high‐temperature sintering based on the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. The NiFeCoCN MEA achieves an overpotential of 432 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm–2 and a lower Tafel slope of 52.4 mV·dec–1 compared to the IrO2/Ti electrode (58.6 mV·dec–1) in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. In a 1 mol/L KOH solution, the NiFeCoCN MEA obtains an overpotential of 175 mV for 10 mA·cm–2 and a Tafel slope of 40.8 mV·dec–1, which is better than IrO2/Ni foam. This work proves a novel strategy to design and prepare nanoporous MEA materials with desirable C/N species, which provides promising prospects for the industrial production of H2 energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin is one of the important virulence factors for Cryptococcus neoformans, which may trigger immune responses in the host. While the production of DOPA melanin is catalyzed by laccase that is predominantly encoded by LAC1 gene. Therefore, regulating the genetic expression of C. neoformans is conducive to exploring the impact of interested molecules on the host. In this work, we established two systems that were constructed quickly and easily for the knock‐down/knock‐out of LAC1 gene: RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR‐Cas9. The RNAi system was constructed by pSilencer 4.1‐CMV neo plasmid and short hairpin RNA to achieve effective transcriptional suppression. The CRISPR‐Cas9 system was used the PNK003 vectors to obtain a stable albino mutant strain. The results of phenotype, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscope, and spectrophotometry were used to assess the ability of melanin production. As a result, the RNAi system displayed attenuation of transcriptional suppression when the transformants continuously passed on new plates. However, the transcriptional suppression of long loop in short hairpin RNA was more powerful and lasted longer. An albino strain produced by CRISPR‐Cas9 was completely unable to synthesize melanin. In conclusion, strains with different capacities of melanin production were obtained by RNAi and CRISPR‐Cas9 systems, which might be useful for exploring the linear relation between melanin and immunoreaction of the host. In addition, the two systems in this article might be convenient to quickly screen the possible trait‐regulating genes of other serotypes of C. neoformans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although MnO2 possesses many advantages, such as a high theoretical specific capacity, resource abundance, easy synthesis and environmental friendliness, its poor electrical conductivity and low utilization seriously hinder its large-scale application as an electrode in supercapacitors. A MnO2 and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite is co-deposited on flexible expanded graphite paper (EGP) by a facile method of composite brush plating. The three-dimensional conductive net of CNT in the composite greatly improves the supercapacitve and mechanical properties of MnO2 electrode. The paper mainly studied (i) the choice of composite brush plating voltage and (ii) the effect of the concentration of active substance CNTs deposited on the performance of supercapacitor. When the current density is 20 A g–1, the mass specific capacitance of the flexible CNT@MnO2/EGP electrode with an operation potential of 10 V in an electrolyte of 1.5 g L–1 CNTs dropped is 146 F g–1. The CNT@MnO2/EGP/active carbon (AC)/carbon fibre cloth (CFC) flexible aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibits an energy density of 36.3 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 126.2 W kg–1 and high cycling stability with 91% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles. This study paves the way to provide a simple and novel technique for the mass production of flexible MnO2 supercapacitor electrodes. The composite brush electroplating technology is successfully developed for fabricating flexible carbon nanotube@MnO2 composite co-deposited on expanded graphite paper, which displays excellent capacitive performance and cycling stability in an aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]