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One rare diterpenoid which was an unusual phorbol derivative possessing a 5-ene-7-oxo functional group, wallichiioid A (1), and 17 known compounds (2–18) were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia wallichii. The structures and relative configuration of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic interpretation. All the known compounds were isolated from E. wallichii for the first time. Diterpenoids 1–5 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (A-549, MCF-7, Hep G2, HeLa, and P388) and showed IC50 values in the range of 8.19–29.72 μg/mL. The antiangiogenic activities of diterpenoids 1–5 were also evaluated using a zebrafish model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vitro metabolism of two novel phosphate prodrugs of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) was studied by the method of incubation in the rat liver microsome and the in vivo plasma pharmacokinetics after injecting intravenously (i.v.) into six rats was investigated, respectively. The prodrugs diminished gradually with time and most of the parent drugs were released in 30 min in vitro. In this paper, the in vivo plasma concentration data were analyzed by compartmental modeling. Both the prodrugs and the corresponding released parent drugs could be described by a two-compartment model, which existed for 48 h in rats. The t1/2 increases remarkably after i.v. administration to rats when compared with injecting the parent drugs directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new neo-clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids, scutebarbatine O (1) and 6-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G (2), were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses. In vitro, compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines, namely, HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells, and with IC50 values in the range of 2.1-5.7 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One rare flavonoid–diterpene heterodimer, denticulatain C ( 1 ), one modified geranyl-type side chain substituted flavonoid, denticulatain D ( 2 ) and one geranylated flavonoid, denticulatain E ( 3 ), as well as 11 known compounds ( 4 – 14 ) were isolated from the fronds of Macaranga denticulata . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic interpretation. Compounds 4 and 8 inhibited the proliferation of A-549 cell line with IC 50 values of 48.6 and 20.2 μ g/mL, respectively. Compounds 3 , 6 , and 8 exhibited significant antiangiogenic activity on a zebrafish model with IC 50 values of 9.78, 0.34, and 2.55 μ g/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn(4)(C(7)H(6)Cl)(8)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)O(2)(OH)(2)], comprises one-half of the centrosymmetric tin(IV) complex. μ(3)-Oxide and μ(2)-hydroxide bridges link the four five-coordinate Sn(IV) atoms to generate three fused four-membered Sn-O-Sn-O rings in a ladder-like structure. The two endocyclic Sn atoms each bind to two μ(3)-oxide anions and a μ(2)-hydroxide ligand, together with two 2-chloro-benzyl groups. The exocyclic Sn atoms each carry a monodentate phenyl-acetate ligand, two 2-chloro-benzyl groups, and μ(3)-oxide and μ(2)-hydroxide ligands. Both types of Sn atoms adopt a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by intra-molecular O-H⋯O inter-actions involving the μ(2)-hydroxide ligands and the C=O group of the phenyl-acetate ligand.