Search

The meibomian gland is a unique sebaceous gland located in the eyelid. Its main function is to secrete lipids and form the lipid layer of the tear film to delay the evaporation of waterborne tears, increase the surface tension of the tear film, and to lubricate the contact area of the eyelid and eyeball. Abnormal secretion of the meibomian gland is known as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), which has become the most important cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED). The clinical pathophysio-logical process and underlying molecular mechanisms of MGD are not clear. As serious side effects may occur with the long-term use of hormonotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of MGD, meibomian gland physiotherapy is considered the most effective and safest therapy for MGD. This review summarizes the physical therapy modalities of western medicine (WM) and traditiond Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of MGD to provide optimal treatments for these patients and to further lay a foundation for mechanistic studies of MGD.

Objective: To explore the molecular targets and associated potential pathways of Lycii Fructus (LF, Gou Qi Zi, 枸杞子) in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by the approaches of network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Methods: The potential blood-entry active ingredients and targets of LF were retrieved by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). RP-related gene targets were retrieved through disease comprehensive databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of LF component-targets and RP disease-targets was constructed by STRING, and the intersection of the 2 networks was extracted. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of theintersection network were conducted by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). CytoHubba was used to screen the key targets. Results: A total of 188 chemical constituents related to LF was retrieved from TCMSP database. 45 active ingredients were screened according to pharmacokinetic parameters oral bioavailability (OB) and drug similarity (DL). 36 active ingredients were further screened and 201 targets related to these constituents were obtained. 206 target genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease comprehensive databases, and 89 genes were obtained from the intersection of component-target and disease-target PPI network. These genes were mainly involved in intracellular signal transduction, GTPase activity regulation, cell morphology regulation, and other biological processes. Molecular functions were mainly related to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity, GTPase activator activity, receptor signal protein serine/threonine kinase activity and so on. They were enriched in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, Golgi apparatus, and other regions. The mechanism was related to cell cycle pathways, neurotrophin signaling pathways, Ras signaling pathways, and so on. 10 key gene targets of LF in the treatment of RP were screened. Conclusions: The material basis for LF to exert its pharmacodynamic effect is 36 active ingredients such as cycloartenol, mandenol, and so on. The key targets of LF in the treatment of RP include 10 genes, such as Rho, PAK, and so on. The main mechanism is related to the regulation of the Ras signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, cell cycle related pathway, and other signaling networks. Keywords: Network pharmacology, Retinitis pigmentosa, Lycii Fructus (Gou Qi Zi, 枸;杞;子;), Molecular mechanism, Target, Signaling pathway

Objective: To investigate the effects of Lycii Fructus (LF, Gou Qi Zi, 枸杞子) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Ex Rhizoma (SM, Dan Shen, 丹 参 ) on the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis in the RCS (rdy-/-, p-/-) rats with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods: A total of 32 RCS (rdy-/-, p-/-) rats were divided into 4 groups (equal amounts of female and male rats in each group): model group treated with 0.9% normal saline, LF group treated with LF formula granules, SM group treated with SM formula granules, and LF and SM (L·S) group treated with LF and SM formula granules. Eight RCS (rdy +/ +, p +/ +) rats (4 males and 4 females) were treated with 0.9% normal saline to serve as blank group. The contents of E2, PG, P-Selectin, plasma viscosity, whole blood relative index of the high shear rate and fibrinogen content in plasma, and the content of cAMP and cGMP in retinal homogenate were detected. The retina was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: The contents of E2, PG, P-Selectin, plasma viscosity, whole blood relative index of the high shear rate, and fibrinogen content in the plasma of L·S group significantly differed from those of model group (P < 0.01), but were similar to those of blank group. The contents of cAMP and cGMP in the retinal homogenate of L·S group significantly differed from those in model group (P < 0.01) but were similar to those in blank group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: LF and SM can effectively treat retinitis pigmentosa by ameliorating the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis. Keywords: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Lycii Fructus (Gou Qi Zi, 枸;杞;子;), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Ex Rhizoma (Dan Shen, 丹;参;), Syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis, RCS (rdy-/-, p-/-) rat

Objective: To observe the effects of Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua, 密蒙花) granules on the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland cells in castrated male rabbits. Methods: A total of 30 New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A: blank group; group B: model group; group C: Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua, 密蒙花) granules group; group D: placebo group; group E: testosterone group. Except for the group A, all rabbits were treated with bilateral testicular and epididymis resection before intervention. Rabbits in group C were administered with Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua, 密蒙花) granules (100 mg/kg), 3 times per day; Rabbits in group D were administered with normal saline, 3 times per day. Rabbits in group E were injected with testosterone propionate (0.5 mL/kg) in the thigh muscle, every 3 days. Schirmer I test (SIT) and break-up time (BUT) were measured on 1st day before modeling and 30th day after modeling. After 30 days of intervention, all rabbits were sacrificed. The removal lacrimal gland was stained in immunohistochemica staining. The expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland tissue of each group was detected, and the structure of lacrimal gland was observed. Results: The results of SIT and BUT showed that there was significant difference between group B and D compared with group A (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between group C and E (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the comparison of inflammatory factors TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 between group B and D (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between group B and D compared with other groups (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between group A, C and E (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua, 密蒙花) granules have an inhibitory effect on the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in castrated male rabbit lacrimal gland cells, and alleviate the inflammation of lacrimal gland tissue by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland tissue, so as to treat dry eye. Keywords: Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua, 密;蒙;花;) granules, Castrated male rabbit, Lacrimal gland tissue, Inflammatory factors, Dry eye

Objective: To analyze the effects of Dan Huang Ming Mu Recipe (DHMMR) (a pharmaceutical preparation from herbs and having the function of replenishing vital essence, removing heat, promoting blood circulation and excreting pathogenic water) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) after retinal laser photocoagulation through regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Methods: Forty male Brown Norway (BN) rats were randomly divided into blank group (group A, 10 BN rats) and model group (30 BN rats). DR models were induced by 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and the body weight and blood glucose of rats were monitored. After 12-week injection, fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and histopathological examination were detected to confirm the successful establishment of DR models. Subsequently, the right eyes of model group rats were conducted retinal laser photocoagulation with the left eyes having no retinal laser photocoagulation and rats of the model group were randomly divided into group B (the model control group), group C (the positive control group), and group D (the DHMMR group), with 10 rats in each group. Rats of the group A and the group B were given vehicle, and the group C were given calcium dobesilate suspension by gavage, and the group D were given DHMMR by gavage. After 4-week gavage, FFA was carried out to observe the fundus microvascular change. Then, the rats were sacrificed to do histopathological examinations and the serum levels of P-selectin, cAMP, cGMP, and the relative expression of the protein of VEGF and PEDF in retina were detected. Results: After 12-week STZ injection, the blood glucose of the model group were pronouncedly higher than the blank group (P < 0.01). Fundus micro-hemangioma changes were observed in the rats of the model group through FFA, and the rats of the blank group did not see any changes. The pictures of HE staining showed that the retinal structure of the model group was more disordered than the blank group. After 4-week gavage, treatments with DHMMR showed dramatic reduction of serum levels of P- selectin, cAMP and cGMP compared with the group B (P < 0.01). FFA and histopathological examinations of DHMMR-treated rats revealed significantly suppression of retinal edema, fundus microvascular destruction and retinal destruction distinguishing from the group B. And the relative expression of VEGF protein of the group D and the group A was markedly lower than that of the group B (P < 0.01). The relative expression of PEDF protein of the group D and the group A was dramatically higher than that of the group B to the contrary (P < 0.01). Conclusions: DHMMR demonstrates pronounced suppressive effects on the progression of DR after retinal laser photocoagulation, through down-regulating VEGF and up- regulating PEDF. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Dan Huang Ming Mu Recipe (DHMMR), Reinal laser photocoagulation, Brown Norway (BN) rats, Streptozotocin (STZ), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)

Five new glycosides including mimenghuasu A and B (1-2), isolinarin (3), cyclocitralosides A and B (4–5), along with forty-seven known compounds were isolated from the flower buds of Buddleja officinalis. These structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, 1 D, 2 D NMR, and MS spectra). The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the expression of TNF-α (LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells) and MTT experiment on LPS-induced HUVECs proliferation effects. Good suppressive effects on the expression of TNF-α were shown by 4 and 5 with IC50 values of 19.35 and 22.10 μM, respectively, compared to positive control indomethacin (IC50 16.40 μM). In addition to this, some isolated compounds exhibited excellent antioxidant activities including compounds 16, 18, 29, 39, and 47 (IC50 μM: 82.59, 72.94, 33.65, 46.67, and 20.81, respectively) with almost the same or stronger potency with reference to vitamin C as positive control (IC50 81.83 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop a classifier for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy (DR), using optimized machine learning algorithms, which can provide the basis for TCM objective and intelligent syndrome differentiation., Methods: Collated data on real-world DR cases were collected. A variety of machine learning methods were used to construct TCM syndrome classification model, and the best performance was selected as the basic model. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used for feature selection to obtain the optimal feature combination. Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) was used for parameter optimization, and a classification model based on feature selection and parameter optimization was constructed. The performance of the model was compared with other optimization algorithms. The models were evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score as indicators., Results: Data on 970 cases that met screening requirements were collected. Support Vector Machine (SVM) was the best basic classification model. The accuracy rate of the model was 82.05%, the precision rate was 82.34%, the recall rate was 81.81%, and the F1 value was 81.76%. After GA screening, the optimal feature combination contained 37 feature values, which was consistent with TCM clinical practice. The model based on optimal combination and SVM (GA&#95;SVM) had an accuracy improvement of 1.92% compared to the basic classifier. SVM model based on HHO and GA optimization (HHO&#95;GA&#95;SVM) had the best performance and convergence speed compared with other optimization algorithms. Compared with the basic classification model, the accuracy was improved by 3.51%., Conclusion: HHO and GA optimization can improve the model performance of SVM in TCM syndrome differentiation of DR. It provides a new method and research idea for TCM intelligent assisted syndrome differentiation., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Xiao L, None; Wang CW, None; Deng Y, None; Yang YJ, None; Lu J, None; Yan JF, None; Peng QH, None., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

This study aims to explore the effect of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(LFSMR), a drug pair possesses the function of nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation, and brightening the eyes, in treating retinitis pigmentosa(RP)by inhibiting the gliosis of Müller cells(MCs) and inducing their reprogramming and differentiation into various types of retinal nerve cells. Twelve C57 mice were used as the normal control group, and 48 transgenic RP(rd10) mice were randomly divided into the model group, positive control group, and low and high dose LFSMR groups, with 12 mice in each group. HE staining was used to detect pathological changes in the retina, and an electroretinogram was used to detect retinal function. Retinal optical coherence tomography was used to detect retinal thickness and perform fundus photography, and laser speckle perfusion imaging was used to detect local retinal blood flow. Digital PCR was used to detect gene expression related to retinal nerve cells, and immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression related to retinal nerve cells. LFSMR could significantly improve the pathological changes, increase the amplitude of a and b waves, increase the retinal thickness, restore retinal damage, and increase retinal blood flow in mice with RP lesions. LFSMR could also significantly inhibit the m RNA expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein( GFAP) during the pathogenesis of RP and upregulate m RNA expression of sex determining region Y box protein 2(SOX2), paired box protein 6(Pax6),rhodopsin, protein kinase C-α(PKCα), syntaxin, and thymic cell antigen 1. 1(Thy1. 1). LFSMR could significantly inhibit GFAP protein expression and enhance protein expression of SOX2, Pax6, rhodopsin, PKCα, syntaxin, and Thy1. 1. It could also reverse the pathological changes in the retina of rd10 mice, improve retinal function and fundus performance, increase retinal thickness, enhance local retinal blood flow, and exert therapeutic effects on RP. The mechanism of action of LFSMR may be related to inhibiting the gliosis of MCs and promoting their reprogramming and differentiation into various types of retinal nerve cells.

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of icaritin-induced ferroptosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells. By bioinformatics screening, the target of icariin's intervention in liver cancer ferroptosis was selected, the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed, the related pathways were focused, the binding ability of icariin and target protein was evaluated by molecular docking, and the impact on patients' survival prognosis was predicted and the clinical prediction model was built. CCK-8, EdU, and clonal formation assays were used to detect cell viability and cell proliferation; colorimetric method and BODIPY 581/591 C1 fluorescent probe were used to detect the levels of Fe~(2+), MDA and GSH in cells, and the ability of icariin to induce HCC cell ferroptosis was evaluated; RT-qPCR and Western blot detection were used to verify the mRNA and protein levels of GPX4, xCT, PPARG, and FABP4 to determine the expression changes of these ferroptosis-related genes in response to icariin. Six intervention targets(AR, AURKA, PPARG, AKR1C3, ALB, NQO1) identified through bioinformatic analysis were used to establish a risk scoring system that aids in estimating the survival prognosis of HCC patients. In conjunction with patient age and TNM staging, a comprehensive Nomogram clinical prediction model was developed to forecast the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of HCC patients. Experimental results revealed that icariin effectively inhibited the activity and proliferation of HCC cells HepG2, significantly modulating levels of Fe~(2+), MDA, and lipid peroxidation ROS while reducing GSH levels, hence revealing its potential to induce ferroptosis in HCC cells. Icariin was found to diminish the expression of GPX4 and xCT(P&lt;0.01), inducing ferroptosis in HCC cells, potentially in relation to inhibition of PPARG and FABP4(P&lt;0.01). In summary, icariin induces ferroptosis in HCC cells via the PPARG/FABP4/GPX4 pathway, providing an experimental foundation for utilizing the traditional Chinese medicine icariin in the prevention or treatment of HCC.

Aim: To analyze the intellectual structure and recent research trends in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and unearth potential knowledge., Methods: English DR publication included in this study was exported from the Web of Science Core Collection, and Chinese DR publication was exported from China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the establishment time of the database to 2019. CiteSpace and Microsoft Excel were used to visually analyze DR research, including analysis of the number of publications, highly cited publication analysis, spatial distribution analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis., Results: A total of 23 795 English studies and 11 577 Chinese studies, including 2089 studies related to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), were obtained. The data suggested the following: 1) The number of English and Chinese DR publications increased over time, and the growth rate of English publications was relatively fast. 2) The distribution of international scholars and institutions was close, while the distribution was scattered in China. Shanghai Jiao Tong University has the largest number of publications. Tien-Yin Wong was the core author with the largest number of publications. England and the United States are the core of international DR research cooperation. 3) Optical coherence tomography and risk factors are recent international research hot spots and trends. The difference is that TCM is a recent research trend under DR in China., Conclusion: DR has drawn an increasing amount of attention worldwide. The focus of research in this field has shifted from tertiary type DR treatment to secondary prevention strategies which focus on the screening and monitoring of disease progression. The advantages of TCM in the prevention of DR have attracted attention, and it is worth incorporating this with Western medicine to address this challenge., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

The study investigated the effects of Qingguang'an II (a Chinese medicinal preparation) on expressions of OX42 protein and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA of retinal microglia cells of rats with chronic high intraocular pressure (IOP). SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, that were: A: blank group; B: model group; C: Qingguang'an II low dose group; D: Qingguang'an II medium dose group; E: Qingguang'an II high dose group; F: Yimaikang disket (a Chinese medicinal preparation) group. Experimental rats in B, C, D, E, F groups were established the model of chronic high IOP by cauterizing of superficial scleral vein. Tissues of eyes were obtained after intragastric administration for 2 and 4wk. At the time-point of 2wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in group B were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with other groups ( P <0.05). Moreover, at the time-point of 4wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C, D and E were statistically expressed in lower level comparing with group F ( P <0.05). Besides, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with group E ( P <0.05). OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were expressed in similar level ( P >0.05). The study indicated that, in the protection of optic nerve of rats with chronic high IOP, the high dose of Qingguang'an II at the time-point of 4wk was the better choice.

The chemical constituents of Plantaginis Semen with hypoglycemic effect was investigated in this paper. The previous results of the in vivo hypoglycemic effect showed that 60% ethanol extract of Plantaginis Semen decreased the levels of FBG and improved the glucose tolerance in high fat diet(HFD)-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Then, in the present study, the above potential bioactive extract was separated and purified by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)and preparative HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Eight compounds were obtained and identified as 4, 4a, 5, 7a-tetrahydro-7-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one(1), iridolactone(2), pedicularislacton(3), rehmaglutin C(4), geniposidic acid(5), p-hydroxylphenylglycerol(6), 1, 2-benzenediol-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)(7), and 3-buten-2-one-4-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxyphenyl](8). Among them, compounds 1-5 were iridoids, and 6-8 were phenolic acids. Compound 1 was a new natural product, and compounds 2-4, 6 and 8 were isolated from the Plantaginaceae family for the first time., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness, is an irreversible optic neuropathy. The mechanism of optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma is undefined at present. There is no effective treatment method for the injury. Stem cells have the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. These two features have made them become the research focus on improving the injury at present. This paper reviews the application progress on different types of stem cells therapy for optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma.

Objective: To observe the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops (EBOED) on basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, and expressions of androgen receptors (AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the mechanism of EBOED on dry eye caused by decreased anti-androgen levels., Methods: Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group, and the treatment group (treated by EBOED), respectively. Rats in each group were further divided into three sub-groups (fed for one month, two months, and three months, respectively). There were totally nine groups, with five in each. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy of rats in the model group and the treatment group. EBOED was given to rats in the treatment group for one successive month. Schirmer I test (SIT) and breakup time of tear film (BUT) were determined in all experimental rats. Expressions of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer., Results: Ths SIT value, BUT, and AR positive rate in the model group at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd month were lower than those in the blank group of the same time points (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in SIT value, BUT, and AR positive rate between the model group and the treatment group at the three time points (P < 0.01). Take the three-month subgroup as an example, the SIT value in the treatment group was (12.667 +/- 5.221) mm, obviously higher than that in the model group (2.676 +/- 1.987) mm. The BUT in the treatment group was (11.758 +/- 4.415) s, obviously longer than that of the model group (4.667 +/- 2.108) s. The AR positive rate in the treatment group was 49.33% +/- 3.44%, obviously higher than that of the model group (33.32% +/- 7.12%, all P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The main components of EBOED was the flavonoids which could significantly inhibit the occurrence of dry eye in rats with decreased androgen levels. Its mechanism might possibly be similar to androgen.

Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of eye drops of Buddleja officinalis extract in treating dry eye of castrated rats by analyzing the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins., Methods: Forty-five Wistar male rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group and eye drops of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. extract (treatment) group. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy in the untreated group and treatment group. Rats in the treatment group were treated with eye drops of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. extract, one drop once, three times daily. Eyes of rats in the sham-operated group and untreated group were instilled with normal saline. After one-, two-, or three-month treatment, five rats in each group were scarified respectively. Then samples were taken to detect related indices. Expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 of lacrimal gland were checked by immunohistochemical method and quantity of apoptotic cells was counted., Results: After one-, two- or three-month treatment, the quantities of expressions of Bax in acinar epithelial cells and glandular tube cells were significantly lower, and those of Bcl-2 were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the untreated group, and the quantities of apoptotic cells of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the untreated group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The main components of extract of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. are flavonoids, which can significantly inhibit cell apoptosis in lacrimal gland.

Aim: To explore the effect of Buddleia flavonoids drug-containing plasma and androgen receptor (AR) blocker on the expression of STAT1 phosphoprotein., Methods: In vitro lacrimal gland epithelial cells were cultivated with H(2)O(2) to establish the dry eye apoptosis state. Blank plasma group, Buddleia officinalis plasma total flavonoids interfere with drug-containing group, and the intervention group of testosterone propionate were set. The expressions of STAT1 phosphoprotein of each group were observed by Western blot. AR blocker flutamide was used to explore the intended androgen effect of Buddleia flavonoids., Results: After the intervention of drug-containing plasma, the expression of STAT1 phosphoprotein in Buddleja officinalis drug-containing plasma intervention group (0.353±0.494) and testosterone propionate intervention group (0.502±0.036) were enhanced and the differences between the two groups were significant (P<0.01). After using AR blocker, the expression of STAT1 phosphoprotein in each group (0.268±0.061, 0.283±0.106, 0.213±0.071) had no difference., Conclusion: Buddleja officinalis drug-containing plasma total flavonoids can promote the expression of STAT1 phosphorylation.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops in basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, expression of androgen receptors (AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis on dry eye caused by gonadal hormones level imbalance., Methods: Forty-five Wistar masculinity rats were divided at random into nine groups, including normal groups (A1, A2 and A3); model groups (B1, B2 and B3); therapy groups with extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops (C1, C2 and C3). The "1" stood for being fed for 1 month, and "2" for 2 months, and "3" for 3 months. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on groups B and C. Group C was treated with Buddleja officinalis extract eye drops for one month. All rats were checked with Schirmer I test (SIT) and tear film break-up time (BUT). Expression of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer (FCM)., Results: The SIT value of group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01) and the BUT value of group C was significantly longer than that of group B (P<0.01), which indicated the eye drop could significantly keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability. And the expression of AR of group C was much higher than that of group B, which showed that available composition of the eye drops maybe display androgen-like activity., Conclusion: The main components of the extract of Buddleja officinalis is the flavonoids that can significantly inhibit happening of dry eye of rat after androgen level lowered. Its mechanism is like androgen's and it can display androgen-like activity to keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.

Aim: To assess the effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on tear secretion volume, tear film stability, expressions of TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α in lacrimal gland of castrated rabbits with dry eye., Methods: A total of 30 victory rabbits were divided averagely into normal group(A), model group(B), therapy group with low dose extract of Buddleja officinalis (C), therapy group with high dose extract of Buddleja officinalis (D) and therapy group with genistein (E). The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on Group B, C, D, E. Group C, D, E were administered intragastrically with corresponding dose extract of Buddleja officinalis or genistein for 30 days. All rabbits were detected with SIT. TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α were detected with immunohistochemistry and the ultrastructure of lacrimal gland was observed under transmission electron microscope., Results: The SIT value of group C, D, E were respectively 13.167±4.957, 14.667±5.279, 8.667±0.516, obviously higher than that of group B 5.667±2.338 (P<0.01). The positive expression of IL-1β in acinar cell and glandular tube cell of group C, D were 0.470±0.048, 0.510±0.088, obviously lower than that of group B 0.770±0.118 (P<0.01). The positive expression of TNF-α of group C, D were 0.498±0.156, 0.435±0.069, obviously lower than that of group B 0.769±0.095 too (P<0.01). The positive expression of TGF-β1 of group C, D were 0.406±0.171, 0.497±0.147, obviously higher than that of group B 0.222±0.113(P<0.01). Any result of group C, D was positive compared with that of group E (P <0.05). Ultrastructure of the lacrimal gland of group C, D, E was well preserved, especially in D group it was remarkable., Conclusion: The extract of Buddleja officinalis can adjust lacrimal gland partial inflammation of dry eye.