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In order to meet the different requirements of coal mine monitoring, positioning, video, audio, remote control, 5G and other services for latency, reliability, bandwidth and other indicators, the coal mine information comprehensive bearer network should have the following functions. ① The network slicing function supports FlexE interface technology or channelized sub interface technology, and divides port bandwidth resources into different network slices. The services between different network slices are isolated and carried by each other without affecting each other. ② The online bandwidth expansion function of network slicing ensures that there is no packet loss during the bandwidth adjustment process. ③ Network slices set the power-off protection function. ④ The network complies with IEEE 802.3 and TCP/IP protocols, supports IPv6 protocol and IPv6 service bearer, and supports both IPv4 and IPv6 services simultaneously. ⑤ The network supports 10GE optical interface, 1GE optical interface, 10/100/1000 Mbit/s adaptive interface. The core and aggregation nodes should support optical interfaces of 50GE or above. ⑥ It is advisable to use a circular or double ring structure. ⑦ The real time monitoring function for business quality, monitors the delay, jitter, and packet loss rate of specified services in real time. ⑧ 1588v2 clock synchronization function supports 5G base station service access. The main technical indicators of the coal mine information comprehensive bearer network should meet the following requirements. ① The optical port transmission distance should be ≥ 20 km. The transmission distance of the electrical port should be ≥ 100 meters. ② The transmission rate of the backbone network should be ≥ 10 Gbit/s. The transmission rate of the access network should be ≥ 1 Gbit/s. ③ The packet loss rate for different frame lengths is ≤ 0.01% (under 70% network traffic load conditions). ④ The single node transmission delay should be ≤ 1 ms (when the Ethernet frame length is 1518 bytes). ⑤ Node forwarding jitter should be ≤100 μs. ⑥ The number of slices supported by a single interface should be ≥ 5. ⑦ The minimum bandwidth of FlexE interface technology should be ≤1 Gbit/s. The minimum bandwidth of channelized sub interface technology should be ≤ 2 Mbit/s. ⑧ The self-healing time of network reconstruction should be ≤ 50 ms. ⑨ After a power outage in the power grid, the continuous working time of the bearer network equipment under standby power supply should be ≥ 4 hours.

Summary: Human cortical neurons (hCNs) exhibit high dendritic complexity and synaptic density, and the maturation process is greatly protracted. However, the molecular mechanism governing these specific features remains unclear. Here, we report that the hominoid-specific gene TBC1D3 promotes dendritic arborization and protracts the pace of synaptogenesis. Ablation of TBC1D3 in induced hCNs causes reduction of dendritic growth and precocious synaptic maturation. Forced expression of TBC1D3 in the mouse cortex protracts synaptic maturation while increasing dendritic growth. Mechanistically, TBC1D3 functions via interaction with MICAL1, a monooxygenase that mediates oxidation of actin filament. At the early stage of differentiation, the TBC1D3/MICAL1 interaction in the cytosol promotes dendritic growth via F-actin oxidation and enhanced actin dynamics. At late stages, TBC1D3 escorts MICAL1 into the nucleus and downregulates the expression of genes related with synaptic maturation through interaction with the chromatin remodeling factor ATRX. Thus, this study delineates the molecular mechanisms underlying human neuron development.

Summary: The regenerative potential of injured axons displays considerable heterogeneity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity have not been fully elucidated. Here, we establish a method that can separate spinal motor neurons (spMNs) with low and high regenerative capacities and identify a set of transcripts revealing differential expression between two groups of neurons. Interestingly, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1), which regulates the differentiation of various neuronal progenitors, exhibits recurrent expression in spMNs with enhanced regenerative capabilities. Furthermore, overexpression of Olig1 (Olig1 OE) facilitates axonal regeneration in various models, and down-regulation or deletion of Olig1 exhibits an opposite effect. By analyzing the overlapped differentially expressed genes after expressing individual Olig factor and functional validation, we find that the role of Olig1 is at least partially through the neurite extension factor 1 (Nrsn1). We therefore identify Olig1 as an intrinsic factor that promotes regenerative capacity of injured axons.

Many studies have demonstrated that brassinolide improves the drought tolerance of plants. This study aims to test whether the drought tolerance of chrysanthemums can be improved by brassinolide and to clarify the underlying physiological mechanism. An own-root chrysanthemum and a corresponding grafted-root line (Artemisia annua rootstock) were treated with brassinolide under three water levels in a randomised complete block design with five replications. The results showed that brassinolide increased the relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters, Rubisco, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities, ascorbate/dehydroascorbate, glutathione/oxidised glutathione and dry mass, and reduced the H2O2 content in the own-root and grafted-root chrysanthemums, especially under drought stresses. The magnitude of the changes to the parameters was greater in the own-root line than in the corresponding grafted-root line under brassinolide treatment. The above parameters showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the brassinolide chrysanthemums and the corresponding non-brassinolide chrysanthemums under drought stresses. This might be the physiological mechanism of improved drought tolerance by brassinolide in chrysanthemums.

High power radio waves emitted by mobile communication systems such as 5G, 5.5G, WiFi6, WiFi7, UWB, ZigBee, as well as personnel and vehicle positioning systems in mines, pose a risk of igniting gas and coal dust. Therefore, it is necessary to set a reasonable threshold for the explosion-proof safe power of radio waves emitted by explosion-proof radio equipment, and limit the power of radio waves emitted by explosion-proof radio equipment. The European standard CLC/TR 50427:2004 Assessment of inadvertent ignition of flammable atmospheres by radio-frequency radiation-Guide specifies a threshold for the safe reception and ignition power of radio waves in explosive gas environments. But it lacks content on the threshold for the safe transmission power of radio waves. Although the national standard GB/T 3836.1-2021 Explosive atmospheres-Part 1:Equipment-General requirements and the international standard IEC 60079-0:2017 Explosive atmospheres-Part 0:Equipment-General requirements have relevant provisions on the safe transmission power threshold for radio wave explosion protection, they mistakenly modify the safe reception ignition power threshold for radio wave explosion protection in the European standard CLC/TR 50427:2004 to the safe transmission power threshold for radio wave explosion protection. It greatly reduces the maximum transmission power allowed by radio equipment in explosive atmospheres. There’s a lack of slender structural objects such as cranes that can serve as receiving antennas in coal mines. The existing radio communication and positioning systems in mines operate at frequencies far greater than 30 MHz. Therefore, the threshold for the safe reception and ignition power of radio waves should be 8 W, instead of the radio wave explosion-proof safe transmission power threshold of 6 W specified in the national standard GB/T 3836.1-2021 and the international standard IEC 60079-0:2017. When the energy of the radio waves emitted by the transmitting antenna is fully absorbed by the equivalent antenna, which is the most unfavorable for wireless explosion-proof transmission and coupling, and the operating frequency of the radio equipment is the equivalent antenna resonance frequency, the reception and ignition power reaches its maximum. It is half of the total power received by the equivalent antenna, that is, half of the transmission power. In practical engineering, both radio transmission efficiency and coupling efficiency are not equal to 1. Therefore, the threshold for safe transmission power of radio waves should be more than twice the threshold for safe reception and ignition power of radio waves. The threshold for the safe reception and ignition power of underground radio waves in coal mines is 8 W. Therefore, the threshold for the safe transmission power of underground radio waves in coal mines should be greater than 16 W.

Based on the higher education reform experience in Taiwan, this research elucidates the conditions for the marketization of universities. It draws on critical discourse analysis to explore power relations between higher education, society, and the government and suggests that the university has always been considered a valuable resource for state development. By analyzing the heterogeneity of discourses used in official documents and the academic literature, this research identifies the social contradictions that triggered the education reform movement in the 1990s, including humanistic resistance against economic utility, educational inequality, and demand for academic autonomy. Neoliberalization in higher education is shown as a contemporary model for mobilizing academic resources in indirect but effective ways, with the aim of mapping both neoliberal practices in Taiwan and their connections with the global trend of marketizing higher education.

The current national standard GB/T 3836.1-2021 Explosive atmospheres-Part 1: Equipment-General requirements and the international standard IEC 60079-0:2017 Explosive atmospheres-Part 0: Equipment-General requirements stipulate that the threshold power of a radio transmitter is the product of the effective output power of the radio transmitter and the antenna gain. Under the condition of a certain threshold for the safe transmission power of radio wave explosion-proof, the larger the antenna gain, the smaller the effective output power of the radio transmitter. This will limit the improvement of wireless transmission distance by increasing the antenna gain. Therefore, it is necessary to study the correctness of the threshold power specified in the national standard GB/T 3836.1-2021 and the international standard IEC 60079-0:2017, and propose reasonable explosion-proof requirements and detection methods for radio wave transmission power. It has been proposed that the safe transmission power of radio waves is independent of antenna gain, and the threshold power of radio transmitters specified in the national standard GB/T 3836.1-2021 and the international standard IEC 60079-0:2017 is incorrect. It is proposed that the threshold for the safe transmission power of underground wireless radio waves in coal mines should be greater than 16 W and independent of antenna gain. The national standard GB/T 3836.1-2021 and the international standard IEC 60079-0:2017 stipulate that the threshold power shall not exceed 6 W, which is incorrect. A method for detecting the explosion-proof safety performance of wireless radio waves has been proposed. The method detects the output power of wireless transmitters. This not only ensures the explosion-proof safety of the detected wireless equipment, but also simplifies the detection method. The method improves the wireless radio wave transmission power of the wireless equipment, removes the limitation on antenna gain, and greatly improves the wireless transmission distance of wireless explosion-proof equipment in coal mines.