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Depression caused by genetic and environmental factors is acomplicated disease. Here, it is demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase-3$\beta$ is highly expressed and phosphorylated in the brain of a chronic stress mouse. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3$\beta$ leads to decreased depression-like symptoms which manifest in open-field test, tail-suspension test, forced-swim test, and a novelty suppressed feeding test. It was also found that $\beta$-catenin is attenuated, and its target genes Cyclin D1 and c-Myc are down-regulated. Glycogen synthase kinase-3$\beta$ was also found to inhibit Erk-Creb-BDNF signaling. These results show that glycogen synthase kinase-3$\beta$ may promote the progression of depression. Therefore, targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3$\beta$ may be an effective therapeutic strategy.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors on behavior related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers under Structural Equation Model (SEM)., Methods: In Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangxi, Xinjiang provinces, 1613 female commercial sex workers were participated in a questionnaire survey. Factors on behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers were analyzed based on SEM., Results: Influencing factors on behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers would include social status, knowledge on AIDS, risk through self-evaluation, condom use, frequency of sexual services etc. GFI, AGFI, RMR were 0.9952, 0.9898 and 0.0115 respectively., Conclusion: Social status, knowledge on AIDS, risk through self-evaluation, condom use and frequency of sexual services were affecting the behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers.

Objective: To gain an insight into the demographic characteristics and AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM) in a Chinese city, and to offer a base for preventive measures against AIDS., Methods: We carried out a prevalence survey, using "snowball" methods to set up survey sites in the "comrade" community, the "comrades" looking for the respondents by various means., Results: Among 309 respondents, 265 (85.8%) were younger than 30 years, 187 (60.5%) received college education or above, 187 (60.5%) were government officials or employees, and 91 (29.4%) were students; 299 (96.8%) were willing or very willing to get knowledge about HIV prevention and treatment, 201 (65.1%) considered themselves as MSM, 76 (24.6%) admitted bisexuality, 117 (37.9%) had insertion sex with at least three men in the past six months, 61 (19.7%) had two or more regular male sexual partners, 140 (45.3%) used condoms on >80% occasions and 34 (11.0%) occasionally or never used them during vaginal sex in the past six months., Conclusion: MSM in the city showed the characteristics of younger age, higher education, stable employment and income, more than one sexual partner, high frequency of high-risk behavior, and negligence of condom-use, and most (96.8%) of them are willing or very willing to obtain AIDS prevention knowledge, which deserves particular attention from relevant institutions.