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1,516 results on '"Peng, Changhui"'

1. Global net climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen

Author

Gong, Cheng, Tian, Hanqin, Liao, Hong, Pan, Naiqing, Pan, Shufen, Ito, Akihiko, Jain, Atul K, Kou-Giesbrecht, Sian, Joos, Fortunat, Sun, Qing, Shi, Hao, Vuichard, Nicolas, Zhu, Qing, Peng, Changhui, Maggi, Federico, Tang, Fiona HM, and Zaehle, Sönke

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Life on Land, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Anthropogenic activities have substantially enhanced the loadings of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the Earth system since pre-industrial times1,2, contributing to widespread eutrophication and air pollution3-6. Increased Nr can also influence global climate through a variety of effects on atmospheric and land processes but the cumulative net climate effect is yet to be unravelled. Here we show that anthropogenic Nr causes a net negative direct radiative forcing of -0.34 [-0.20, -0.50] W m-2 in the year 2019 relative to the year 1850. This net cooling effect is the result of increased aerosol loading, reduced methane lifetime and increased terrestrial carbon sequestration associated with increases in anthropogenic Nr, which are not offset by the warming effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrous oxide and ozone. Future predictions using three representative scenarios show that this cooling effect may be weakened primarily as a result of reduced aerosol loading and increased lifetime of methane, whereas in particular N2O-induced warming will probably continue to increase under all scenarios. Our results indicate that future reductions in anthropogenic Nr to achieve environmental protection goals need to be accompanied by enhanced efforts to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to achieve climate change mitigation in line with the Paris Agreement.

Published
2024

2. Global riverine land-to-ocean carbon export constrained by observations and multi-model assessment

Author

Liu, Maodian, Raymond, Peter A., Lauerwald, Ronny, Zhang, Qianru, Trapp-Müller, Gerrit, Davis, Kay L., Moosdorf, Nils, Xiao, Changhao, Middelburg, Jack J., Bouwman, Alexander F., Beusen, Arthur H. W., Peng, Changhui, Lacroix, Fabrice, Tian, Hanqin, Wang, Junjie, Li, Mingxu, Zhu, Qiuan, Cohen, Sagy, van Hoek, Wim J., Li, Ya, Li, Yangmingkai, Yao, Yuanzhi, and Regnier, Pierre

Published
2024
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7. Characterizing Performance of Freshwater Wetland Methane Models Across Time Scales at FLUXNET‐CH4 Sites Using Wavelet Analyses

Author

Zhang, Zhen, Bansal, Sheel, Chang, Kuang‐Yu, Fluet‐Chouinard, Etienne, Delwiche, Kyle, Goeckede, Mathias, Gustafson, Adrian, Knox, Sara, Leppänen, Antti, Liu, Licheng, Liu, Jinxun, Malhotra, Avni, Markkanen, Tiina, McNicol, Gavin, Melton, Joe R, Miller, Paul A, Peng, Changhui, Raivonen, Maarit, Riley, William J, Sonnentag, Oliver, Aalto, Tuula, Vargas, Rodrigo, Zhang, Wenxin, Zhu, Qing, Zhu, Qiuan, Zhuang, Qianlai, Windham‐Myers, Lisamarie, Jackson, Robert B, and Poulter, Benjamin

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Geophysics
Abstract

Process-based land surface models are important tools for estimating global wetland methane (CH4) emissions and projecting their behavior across space and time. So far there are no performance assessments of model responses to drivers at multiple time scales. In this study, we apply wavelet analysis to identify the dominant time scales contributing to model uncertainty in the frequency domain. We evaluate seven wetland models at 23 eddy covariance tower sites. Our study first characterizes site-level patterns of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes (FCH4) at different time scales. A Monte Carlo approach was developed to incorporate flux observation error to avoid misidentification of the time scales that dominate model error. Our results suggest that (a) significant model-observation disagreements are mainly at multi-day time scales (32 days) for the boreal and Arctic tundra wetland sites but have significant bias in variability at seasonal time scales for temperate and tropical/subtropical sites; (c) model errors exhibit increasing power spectrum as time scale increases, indicating that biases at time scales

Published
2023

15. Application of climate change scenarios in the simulation of forest ecosystems: an overview

Author

Liu, Haoyun, Li, Peng, Peng, Changhui, Liu, Cong, Zhou, Xiaolu, Deng, Zhengmiao, Zhang, Cicheng, and Liu, Zelin

Subjects
Ecosystems -- Models, Climate models -- Analysis, Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects -- China, Environmental issues
Abstract

Climate change scenarios established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have developed a significant tool for analyzing, modeling, and predicting future climate change impacts in different research fields after more than 30 years of development and refinement. In the wake of future climate change, the changes in forest structure and functions have become a frontier and focal area of global change research. This study mainly reviews and synthesizes climate change scenarios and their applications in forest ecosystem research over the past decade. These applications include changes in (1) forest structure and spatial vegetation distribution, (2) ecosystem structure, (3) ecosystem services, and (4) ecosystem stability. Although climate change scenarios are useful for predicting future climate change impacts on forest ecosystems, the accuracy of model simulations needs to be further improved. Based on existing studies, climate change scenarios are used in future simulation applications to construct a biomonitoring network platform integrating observations and predictions for better conservation of species diversity. Key words: global change, carbon stocks, forest vulnerability, CMIP6, land surface models, 1. Introduction Based on the Sixth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the recent worldwide average surface temperature for 2011-2020 was 1.09 [degrees]C warmer than that [...]

Published
2023
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31. Modern cities emerge as 'super-cells' where enclosed industrial systems are hotspots of goods and services

Author

Chang, Jie, Ge, Ying, Wu, Zhaoping, Du, Yuanyuan, Pan, Kaixuan, Yang, Guofu, Ren, Yuan, Heino, Mikko P., Mao, Feng, Qu, Zelong, Fan, Xing, Min, Yong, Peng, Changhui, and Meyerson, Laura A.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Prevailing hypotheses recognize cities as 'super-organisms' which both provides organizing principles for cities and fills the scalar gap in the hierarchical living system between ecosystems and the entire planet. However, most analogies between the traits of organisms and cities are inappropriate making the super-organism model impractical as a means to acquire new knowledge. Using a cluster analysis of 15 traits of cities and other living systems, we found that modern cities are more similar to eukaryotic cells than to multicellular organisms. Enclosed industrial systems, such as factories and greenhouses, dominate modern cities and are analogous to organelles as hotspots that provide high-flux goods and services. Therefore, we propose a 'super-cell city model' as more appropriate than the super-organism model. In addition to the theoretical significance, our model also recognizes enclosed industrial systems as functional components that improve the vitality and sustainability of cities.

Published
2020

44. Pervasive decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time across forest climate zones

Author

Yu, Kailiang, Smith, William K, Trugman, Anna T, Condit, Richard, Hubbell, Stephen P, Sardans, Jordi, Peng, Changhui, Zhu, Kai, Peñuelas, Josep, Cailleret, Maxime, Levanic, Tom, Gessler, Arthur, Schaub, Marcus, Ferretti, Marco, and Anderegg, William RL

Subjects
Climate Action, Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Sequestration, Climate Change, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Forests, Models, Theoretical, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Temperature, Trees, Uncertainty, carbon cycle, carbon turnover, forest carbon stocks, forest productivity, tree mortality
Abstract

Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Previous studies on the capacity of forests to sequester atmospheric CO2 have mostly focused on carbon uptake, but the roles of carbon turnover time and its spatiotemporal changes remain poorly understood. Here, we used long-term inventory data (1955 to 2018) from 695 mature forest plots to quantify temporal trends in living vegetation carbon turnover time across tropical, temperate, and cold climate zones, and compared plot data to 8 Earth system models (ESMs). Long-term plots consistently showed decreases in living vegetation carbon turnover time, likely driven by increased tree mortality across all major climate zones. Changes in living vegetation carbon turnover time were negatively correlated with CO2 enrichment in both forest plot data and ESM simulations. However, plot-based correlations between living vegetation carbon turnover time and climate drivers such as precipitation and temperature diverged from those of ESM simulations. Our analyses suggest that forest carbon sinks are likely to be constrained by a decrease in living vegetation carbon turnover time, and accurate projections of forest carbon sink dynamics will require an improved representation of tree mortality processes and their sensitivity to climate in ESMs.

Published
2019

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