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In a world rapidly transitioning, food consumption away from home is rising, therefore representing an increasing share of individual's diet. Food consumed away from home negatively impacts diet, nutritional status and consequently has detrimental effects on health. In some contexts, where individual level dietary intake surveys are not regularly conducted, this behavior is not well documented leading to a gap of knowledge. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate in Burkina Faso and Vietnam specific modules that could be added to Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys that are usually regularly conducted worldwide, in order to document the economic and nutritional importance of food consumption away from home. In each country, two survey modules, one long (100 food items) and one short (30 food items) were developed, to measure individual-level food consumption away from home over the last 7 days. The modules were relatively validated in comparison with data from three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls conducted over the same 7-days period. The validation was conducted in different settings (urban, peri-urban and rural) in Burkina Faso (n = 924) and Vietnam (n = 918). In both countries, a good concordance between the 24-hour dietary recalls and the modules in their ability to identify a person as having consumed food away from home (>77%) was found. However, in both countries, both modules underestimate the mean energy intake coming from foods consumed away from home (from 122 to 408 kcal) while they overestimate the budget allocated to it (from -0.07 to -0.29 USD/day). None of developed food away from home modules were considered as valid. There is a need for the international community to continue to work on developing and validating tools capable to estimate nutritional intakes related to food consumption away from home and that could be added to regular national household-level surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A prospective study was extended to the new antiretroviral and monitoring strategies in HIV-infected adults in low-income countries (NAMSAL-ANRS)-12313 trial, a 96-week open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial comparing dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg with efavirenz 400 mg (EFV400), both administered with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine (TDF/3TC) as first-line treatment for antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naive people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). Noninferiority of DTG to EFV400 was demonstrated at 48-week and sustained at 96 weeks. Here, we present results at 192-week. Methods Previous trial participants were reconsented and followed up on their initial randomization arm (1:1 DTG/TDF/3TC:EFV400/TDF/3TC). Assessments included changes in viral suppression, biological parameters, and new serious adverse events (SAEs). Results Among the participants enrolled in the trial, 81% (499/613) were analyzed at week 192: 84% (261/310) on DTG/TDF/3TC and 78% (238/303) on EFV400/TDF/3TC. HIV RNA suppression was maintained in 69% (214/310) on DTG/TDF/3TC-based and 62% (187/303) on EFV400/TDF/3TC-based regimens (difference, 7.3% [95% confidence interval, −.20 to 14.83]; P =.057). Five (DTG/TDF/3TC = 2; EFV400/TDF/3TC = 3) new viral failures (World Health Organization definition) without related resistance DTG mutations and 24 new SAEs were observed (DTG/TDF/3TC = 13; EFV400/TDF/3TC = 11). Mean weight gain was +9.4 kg on DTG/TDF/3TC and +5.9 kg on EFV400/TDF/3TC. The percentage of participants with obesity increased from 6.9% to 27.7% on DTG/TDF/3TC (P <.0001) and from 8.3% to 16.7% on EFV400/TDF/3TC (P =.0033). Conclusions Four-year follow-up of people with HIV on DTG- and EFV400-based regimens showed long-term efficacy and safety of both ARTs, markedly among participants on DTG/TDF/3TC with high baseline viral load. However, unexpected substantial weight gain over time was prominent among participants on DTG/TDF/3TC, which should be closely monitored. Clinical Trials Registration.  NCT02777229. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In October 2020, after the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), only 8290 confirmed cases were reported in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, but the real prevalence remains unknown. To guide public health policies, we aimed to describe the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the general population in Kinshasa. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, household-based serosurvey between 22 October 2020 and 8 November 2020. Participants were interviewed at home and tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins in a Luminex-based assay. A positive serology was defined as a sample that reacted with both SARS-CoV-2 proteins (100% sensitivity, 99.7% specificity). The overall weighted, age-standardized prevalence was estimated and the infection-to-case ratio was calculated to determine the proportion of undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Results A total of 1233 participants from 292 households were included (mean age, 32.4 years; 764 [61.2%] women). The overall weighted, age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 16.6% (95% CI: 14.0–19.5%). The estimated infection-to-case ratio was 292:1. Prevalence was higher among participants ≥40 years than among those <18 years (21.2% vs 14.9%, respectively; P  < .05). It was also higher in participants who reported hospitalization than among those who did not (29.8% vs 16.0%, respectively; P  < .05). However, differences were not significant in the multivariate model (P  = .1). Conclusions The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher than the number of COVID-19 cases reported. These results justify the organization of a sequential series of serosurveys by public health authorities to adapt response measures to the dynamics of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]