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This study aimed to identify subtypes of genomic variants associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) by conducting systematic literature search in electronic databases up to May 31, 2021. The main outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and durable clinical benefit (DCB) were correlated with tumor genomic features. A total of 1546 lung cancer patients with available genomic variation data were included from 14 studies. The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog G12C (KRAS(G12C) ) mutation combined with tumor protein P53 (TP53) mutation revealed the promising efficacy of ICI therapy in these patients. Furthermore, patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) classical activating mutations (including EGFR(L858R) and EGFR(Δ19) ) exhibited worse outcomes to ICIs in OS (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01‍‒‍1.95; P=0.0411) and PFS (adjusted HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.49‍‒‍2.63; P

With the increasing incidence of stage IA lung cancer ≤1 cm in size, the optimal primary treatment remains to be controversial, and thus, we compared the survival of these patients treated with radiotherapy, wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy in a large population.We identified patients with stage IA lung cancer ≤1 cm in size between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We compared the overall survival (OS) via Kaplan-Meier analysis and conducted Cox regression analysis via propensity score matching (PSM) method to identify the relative hazard ratio (HR) and difference of OS among these treatments in the subgroup stratified by four variables (age, total number of tumors, pathological grade, and histology).A total of 5435 patients were included with a median age of 68 years (range, 6-94 years), of which 2131 (39.2%) were male, and 3510 (64.6%) were adenocarcinoma. The 5-year OS rate was 67.1%, 34.5%, 61.6%, 72.1%, and 75.0% for the entire study population, radiotherapy, wedge resection, segmentectomy, and lobectomy, respectively. In PSM analysis, wedge resection and segmentectomy were all superior to radiotherapy (P 0.001), and segmentectomy was superior to wedge resection (P = 0.043), while segmentectomy was comparable with lobectomy (P = 0.058). In patients with multiple tumors, radiotherapy brought similar survival to surgery (wedge resection versus radiotherapy, P = 0.323; segmentectomy versus radiotherapy, P = 0.170; lobectomy versus radiotherapy, P = 0.796).Among stage IA lung cancer with ≤1 cm, segmentectomy and lobectomy were identified as the potential effective treatments, with segmentectomy more preferred, while radiotherapy would be recommended in those with multiple tumors, which requires further verification.

Zhaohua Xiao,1 Xumei Feng,2 Yongjia Zhou,1 Peiwei Li,3 Junwen Luo,1 Wenhao Zhang,1 Jie Zhou,1 Jiangfeng Zhao,1 Dong Wang,4 Yongjie Wang,5 Zhongxian Tian,1,6 Xiaogang Zhao1,6 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China; 2Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China; 6Key Laboratory of Chest Cancer, Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhongxian Tian; Xiaogang Zhao, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-17660082365 ; +86-053185875009, Email tianzhongxian@email.sdu.edu.cn; zhaoxiaogang@sdu.edu.cnBackground: Cancer cell-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical role in orchestrating intercellular communication between tumor cells and tumor microenvironmental factors, including lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Nevertheless, the functions and underlying mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in lymphatic metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear.Methods: Small RNA sequencing, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analysis and qRT‒PCR were performed to identify the candidate exosomal miRNAs involved in ESCC metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic potential of exosomal miR-10527-5p in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) status. An in vitro coculture system was used to investigate the effects of exosomal miR-10527-5p on ESCC cells and human LECs (HLECs), followed by a popliteal LNM assay in vivo. The relationship between miR-10527-5p and Rab10 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter, fluorescence in situ hybridization and qRT‒PCR assays. Then, a series of rescue assays were performed to further investigate whether Rab10 is involved in exosomal miR-10527-5p mediated ESCC metastasis.Results: MiR-10527-5p was found to be notably reduced in both the plasma exosomes and tumor tissues of ESCC patients with LNM, and plasma exosomal miR-10527-5p had a high sensitivity and specificity for discrimination of LNM status. Moreover, exosome-shuttled miR-10527-5p suppressed the migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESCC cells as well as the migration and tube formation of HLECs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation revealed that Rab10 was a direct target of miR-10527-5p, and re-expression of Rab10 neutralized the inhibitory effects of exosomal miR-10527-5p.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that exosomal miR-10527-5p had a strong capability to predict preoperative LNM status and anti-lymphangiogenic effect. Exosomal miR-10527-5p inhibited lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of ESCC in a vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)-independent manner, showing potential as a therapeutic target for ESCC patients.Keywords: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, exosomes, miR-10527-5p, biomarker, lymphangiogenesis

Background: We aimed to systematically summarize the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating/tissue miR21 in patients with colorectal cancer.Methods: An original study was conducted to explore the potential value of circulating miR21 in colorectal cancer diagnosis and tissue miR21 in colorectal cancer prognosis. PUBMED and EMBASE were searched (to August, 2013) to identify eligible studies. To explore the diagnostic performance of circulating miR21, meta-analysis methods were used to pool sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic OR and to construct a summary ROC curve. For prognostic meta-analysis, study-specific HRs of tissue miR21 for survival were summarized. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were applied to explore heterogeneity.Results: Finally, 14 studies (including our study) were included in the meta-analyses. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of circulating miR21 were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59–0.88], 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.85), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78–0.85) in diagnosing colorectal cancer. Patients with higher expression of tissue miR21 had significant inferior overall survival (OS; pooled HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.16–2.11) and disease-free survival (DFS; pooled HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08–1.69). The individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis demonstrated that tissue miR21 level was independently associated with worse colorectal cancer OS (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.07–2.67; P = 0.023), whereas this association seems to be confined to males (P = 0.007) but not for females (P = 0.845).Conclusions: Circulating miR21 level has potential value for colorectal cancer early detection, whereas high tissue miR21 level is associated with adverse colorectal cancer prognosis.Impact: miR21 is a promising biomarker for early detection and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2783–92. ©2014 AACR.

Supplementary Table 1 Instrument used for the evaluation of the risk of bias and applicability concerns of the included prognostic studies (adapted from QUADAS-2). Supplementary Table 2 Characteristics of studies included in the diagnostic meta-analysis. Supplementary Table 3 Characteristics of studies included in the prognostic meta-analysis. Supplementary Table 4 Quality assessment of the included diagnostic studies according to QUADAS-2. Supplementary Table 5 Risk of bias and applicability concerns of included prognostic studies. Supplementary Table 6 Methodological quality of included prognostic studies according to STROBE criteria. Supplementary Figure 1 Receiver operating characteristic curves of plasma miR-21 for discrimination CRC patients from controls. Supplementary Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier curve of tissue miR-21 expression in relation to the survival of CRC patients in the original study. Supplementary Figure 3 Funnel plots of the meta-analyses (A) Funnel plot of tissue miR-21 and CRC OS (B) Funnel plot of tissue miR-21 and CRC DFS (3) Funnel plot of circulating miR-21 and CRC diagnosis. PRISMA Checklist.

BACKGROUND: The mutation rate of the tumor protein P53 (TP53) has been reported to be greater than 50% in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in unfolded P53 (TP53(R175H) and TP53(Y220C)) have been associated with poor prognosis. However, the best treatment for patients with NSCLC harboring unfolded mutant P53 (mutp53) remains unclear. Triptolide is a natural compound derived from Tripterygium wilfordii that has shown a strong antitumor effect in a variety of cancers. Our study aimed to explore the GOF mutations in unfolded mutp53 (TP53(R175H) and TP53(Y220C)) and to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which triptolide regulates the degradation of unfolded mutp53 proteins in NSCLC. METHODS: Two unfolded proteins harboring TP53(R175H) and TP53(Y220C) mutations were selected to explore their functions in NSCLC progression. NCI-H1299 cells (TP53-null) were transfected with wild-type TP53 (TP53(WT)), TP53(R175H), or TP53(Y220C) genes and treated with triptolide or a vehicle. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to measure cell migration and invasion in vitro. Lung metastasis models were constructed through tail vein injection of mutant cells into BALB/c nude mice to evaluate the effect of triptolide on metastasis in vivo. Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the relevant molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: Our study revealed that triptolide treatment reduced TP53(R175H) levels and that the TP53(Y220C) mutation enhanced the invasion and migration of NCI-H1299 cells. Mechanistically, triptolide promoted TP53(R175H) and TP53(Y220C) protein proteasomal degradation mediated through the E3 ligase murine double minute 2 (MDM2) by directly interacting with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Moreover, by upregulating HSP70 transcription, triptolide contributed to the protein degradation of the GOF mutp53. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reports, for the first time, the mechanism underlying triptolide-regulated protein degradation of TP53(R175H) or TP53(Y220C), which offers new insight into developing a better therapeutic strategy for patients with NSCLC who express the unfolded mutp53 GOF protein.

The objectives of this study is to figure out the appropriate initial treatment and criteria for clinical decision for early-stage small-sized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among octogenarians. Elderly patients (≥80 years) with stage I NSCLC (3 cm) were identified between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients were divided into four cohorts regarding treatment modalities, and overall survival and cancer-specific survival were evaluated via Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model. The propensity score matching method was introduced in the subgroup analysis stratified by four clinical characteristics to identify the preferable treatment. A total of 7861 patients were included with a median overall survival of 43 months (range 1-155 months). In younger patients (80-85 years), lobectomy was superior in improving the survival (versus segmentectomy, HR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.55-0.84; versus wedge resection, HR = 0.77; 95%CI 0.67-0.88). While in those over 85 years, lobectomy was superior to wedge resection (HR = 0.72; 95%CI 0.53-0.98), and all other treatments were comparable. As stratified by T stage in those over 85 years, lobectomy was superior to wedge resection (P = 0.023) for T1 disease, and the four treatments were all comparable in overall survival for T2 disease. In conclusions, the favored treatment of early stage NSCLC for octogenarians may be evaluated by age and T stage. Lobectomy might be preferred in patients between 80 and 85 years whenever possible. Among those over 85 years, radiotherapy might lead to a comparable prognosis and could be recommended as the prior treatment, while should surgery be recommended, lobectomy might be preferred for T1 disease and wedge resection for T2 disease.

Guided by a critical and transnational framework, this qualitative study centers on the perspectives and analyses of activists and organizers working with migrants to the United States who face devastating conditions due to historical and ongoing exploitation of geopolitical powers and structures of violence. Through thematic and reconstructive analyses, we focus on how 18 participants navigate the intersections of legal, political, economic, and cultural implications, as well as complex ethical and moral dilemmas, tensions, and contradictions that emerged in their work. Grounded in their eyewitness narratives, we attempt to learn about the lived experiences of migrants and engage in critical analysis of structural violence (i.e., violence embedded in the social structures and institutions) and oppressive conditions. We examine the notion of "solidarity" and what it means to engage in anti-oppressive transnational solidarity with differentials in positionalities and against the backdrop of professional and institutional reproduction of colonial, imperial, racist, and neoliberal forms of structural violence, including within the academy itself. Juxtaposing empirical and structural analyses, we hope to further contribute to a more nuanced understanding of intersectional social struggles and the potential for organizing towards liberatory solidarity.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant pathological subtype of lung cancer, which is the most prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide. Cyclins have been reported to regulate the physiology of various types of tumors by controlling cell cycle progression. However, the key roles and regulatory networks associated with the majority of the cyclin family members in LUAD remain unclear. In total, 556 differentially expressed genes were screened from the GSE33532, GSE40791 and GSE19188 mRNA microarray datasets by R software. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction network containing 499 nodes and 4,311 edges, in addition to a significant module containing 76 nodes and 2,631 edges, were extracted through the MCODE plug-in of Cytoscape. A total of four cyclin family genes [

Bacillus as a predominant genus of enzyme-producing bacteria presents desirable features to fulfill the vast demand of specific industries, whereas the knowledge of the Bacillus communities and their capacities of producing industrial hydrolytic enzymes across the microhabitats of the Paracel Islands is limited. Herein, a total of 193 culturable Bacillus strains belonging to 19 species were isolated across the microhabitats of seawater, sediment, coral and seagrass, covering 39 stations of the Paracel Islands. Each microhabitat displayed its unique species, while the species of Bacillus paramycoides besides being the dominant species with an abundance of 54.94% also was the only species shared by all microhabitats of the Paracel Islands. Of the Bacillus communities, 97.41% of the isolates exhibited the capacity of producing one-or-more types of enzymes with comparatively higher and broader ranges of enzyme activities, including 163 protease-, 27 cellulase-, 118 alginate lyase-, 140 K-carrageenase- and 158 agarose-producing strains. By the correlation analyses of "Bacillus-environmental factors" and "Enzyme-producing Bacillus-environmental factors", the cross-habitat distribution and enzyme-producing capacity pattern of the Bacillus communities were strongly driven by habitat type, and the environmental factors made habitat-dependent differential contributions to that in the Paracel Islands. It's worth noting that the cellulase-producing strain wasn't detected in seagrass due to its survival strategy to prevent cellulose degradation by inhibiting cellulase-producing bacteria, while coral contained more stable microbial metabolic functions to protect against environmental fluctuations. These findings besides providing large quantities of promising enzyme-producing candidates for specific industrial desires, also facilitate the development and utilization of marine microbial resources and the environmental policy- and/or law-making according to environmental features across the microhabitats of the Paracel Islands.

Critical epistemological reflection facilitates disciplinary self-reflection, and yet the limitation of this practice needs to examined. This article explores the possibility of a praxis-oriented philosophical foundation for psychology through investigating the limits to knowledge. Integrating insights from critical communicative pragmatist perspectives and Zen Buddhism, this paper outlines what constitutes limits to knowledge and contests the boundary of epistemology, in relation to psychology as a natural science, social science, and critical science. Building upon this deconstruction/reconstruction, Zen Buddhist practice is drawn upon to further illuminate the potential to center psychology through the praxis of knowing as being, which is nontotalizing and always open to uncertainty and fallibility. My key argument is that any notion of epistemology is inadequate when divorced from its intra-connection to being and practice that have inherent ethical and moral relevance. This necessitates deferring philosophizing to a constant and endless practice that upholds an ethics of solidarity.

Given the increasing exposure of humans to environmental chemicals and the limitations of conventional toxicity test, there is an urgent need to develop next-generation risk assessment methods.This study aims to establish a novel computational system named Toxicogenomics Scoring System (TGSS) to predict the carcinogenicity of chemicals coupling chemical-gene interactions with multiple cancer transcriptomic datasets.Chemical-related gene signatures were derived from chemical-gene interaction data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). For each cancer type in TCGA, genes were ranked by their effects on tumorigenesis, which is based on the differential expression between tumor and normal samples. Next, we developed carcinogenicity scores (C-scores) using pre-ranked GSEA to quantify the correlation between chemical-related gene signatures and ranked gene lists. Then we established TGSS by systematically evaluating the C-scores in multiple chemical-tumor pairs. Furthermore, we examined the performance of our approach by ROC curves or prognostic analyses in TCGA and multiple independent cancer cohorts.Forty-six environmental chemicals were finally included in the study. C-score was calculated for each chemical-tumor pair. The C-scores of IARC Group 3 chemicals were significantly lower than those of chemicals in Group 1 (P-value = 0.02) and Group 2 (P-values = 7.49 ×10TGSS highlighted the great potential of integrating chemical-gene interactions with gene-cancer relationships to predict the carcinogenic risk of chemicals, which would be valuable for systems toxicology.

Background Triptolide, an extract from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii , has shown anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. In our present study, we aimed to investigate its antitumor effects by examining proliferation, migration, and invasion and the potential mechanism of autophagic induction in lung cancer cells. Methods An MTT assay was used to measure triptolide-mediated inhibition of Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)cell (A549 and NCI-H1299) viability. Colony formation, EdU, migration and invasion assays were used to examine the effects of triptolide on the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of various related proteins. Immunofluorescence assays were used to examine the protein expression of LC3B. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) was used to examine the mRNA levels of MYC and LIF. Bioinformatics analysis (KEGG, etc.) was used to reveal the pathways that are regulated by triptolide. Results Triptolide inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion and induces autophagy in A549 and NCI-H1299 LUAD cells. Inhibition of autophagy can reverse its inhibitory effects. Moreover, triptolide impaired lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Conclusion Triptolide attenuated proliferation, migration and invasion in LUAD cells through autophagy initiation resulted in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Triptolide has the potential to be an alternative therapeutic agent for lung cancer.

In this article, we explore the concept of validity as it applies to transformative experiences, asking how can we know when individuals are transformed as the result of some experience? What criteria or principles might be used to assess the validity of claims made about transformation? We suggest that validity in this context—what we call transformative validity—must transcend existing understandings that emphasize validity as a “thing” to be “achieved.” Instead, we introduce a new conceptualization of validity to the qualitative inquiry community: We suggest that transformative validity is best conceptualized as a process that centers intersubjectivity, dialogue, and recognition and is always open and rooted in uncertainty.

Background The risk for gastric cancer among patients with gastric atrophy is unclear. We investigated the association between the risk for gastric cancer and gastric atrophy. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed and Embase databases and extracted relevant data from eligible studies. A fixed- or random-effects model was applied to pool study-specific risk according to heterogeneity across studies. Results Thirteen cohort or nested case-control studies with 655,937 participants and 2,794 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed. The pooled results suggested that gastric atrophy was associated with an elevated risk for gastric cancer [pooled risk ratio (RR) =2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.58–3.27]. The pooled RR (3.10, 95% CI: 2.58–3.73) of studies that used serum levels of pepsinogen for diagnosis of gastric atrophy was similar to that of those that used (pooled RR =2.79, 95% CI: 2.37–3.27) (for endoscopy). Gastric atrophy was positively associated with the risk for gastric cancer in both prospective and retrospective studies. Moreover, the pooled RRs did not significantly vary by country of origin (Asia and Europe) or gastric cancer subtype (cardia and non-cardia). Conclusions Gastric atrophy is associated with an elevated risk for gastric cancer, and endoscopy and serum levels of pepsinogens can be used to predict the risk.

A family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases the risk of developing CRC, and numerous studies have assessed the influence of family history on survival among CRC patients. However, the prognostic effect of a family history of CRC remains uncertain. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically assess the association between family history and CRC prognosis.A comprehensive literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to October 2021, based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes and Study designs framework. Two reviewers independently extracted data on baseline characteristics and outcomes from the included studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of each study. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled hazard ratio (HR).Eighteen studies comprising 80,093 CRC patients were finally included in this meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores of the included studies ranged from 4 to 8, and 12 studies were of high quality. A significant association between family history and improved overall survival was determined in the CRC patients (HR =0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99) with significant heterogeneity (IIn conclusion, a positive family history was associated with improved overall survival in CRC patients. It was also a favorable predictor of disease-free survival in patients with stage III CRC. These findings should be interpreted with caution because of limitations related to study quality and differences in the adjusted factors across studies.

Shuyan Li,1,* Peiwei Li,2,* Hongling Sun,1 Wen Hu,3 Shurong Hu,2 Yan Chen,2 Minfang Lv2 1Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of China; 2Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Minfang Lv; Yan ChenCenter for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-571-87783540; +86-571-87783936Email ZRLMF@zju.edu.cn; chenyan72_72@zju.edu.cnBackground: The prevalence of Crohn’s disease (CD) has been increasing rapidly in China, and the role of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in the management of adult patients with active CD is evolving. Adherence is a key factor in the effective treatment of many chronic diseases.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to EEN of CD patients and to evaluate the relationship between medication belief and EEN adherence.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and demographic information, adherence to EEN, and beliefs about EEN were investigated. Medication belief was measured using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ)-Specific.Results: In all, 131 CD patients completed the questionnaire and were enrolled in this study. The high adherence rate was 73.3% (96 of 131 patients), and we found that medication belief, residency, medical insurance, and history of enteral nutrition therapy were factors affecting EEN adherence. More patients with a high BMQ score had high adherence to EEN (n = 54, 56.2%) compared to those with a low BMQ (n = 42, 43.8%). Moreover, price, taste, storage method, portability, and purchase convenience of EEN were not associated with adherence.Conclusion: The adherence to EEN among patients with CD is relatively high and is related to medication belief, residency and history of enteral nutrition. The type of enteral nutrition, taste, storage, and convenience of purchase were not associated with EEN adherence. Future study is warranted to explore the possible role of improving patients’ beliefs in increasing adherence.Keywords: exclusive enteral nutrition, adherence, Crohn’s disease

This study investigated the relationships between perceived teacher empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational climate among 206 randomly sampled kindergarten teachers in Shanghai, China. Ch...

Myricetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that exhibits diverse pharmacological properties. The NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 protein) inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in the innate immune response and pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory disorders. The present study found that myricetin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome assembly via promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent ubiquitination of NLRP3 and reduction of ROS-dependent ubiquitination of ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), which disrupted the interaction between ASC and NLRP3 and inhibited ASC oligomerization. This effect was further confirmed in vivo using mouse models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis and alum-induced peritonitis. These results suggest the therapeutic value of myricetin by targeting NLRP3-driven inflammatory diseases.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown an elevated level of cholesterol in colon tumors as compared to normal tissue. Obesity and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are known risk factors for colon cancer. However, the role of LDL-C in colon cancer patients with normal body mass index (BMI) remains elusive. METHODS: Levels of serum cholesterol and oxysterols were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) from 129 individuals with normal BMI, including 32 with solitary polyp, 36 with multiple polyps, and 31 with adenocarcinoma as well as 32 healthy controls. In vitro, colon cancer cells were treated with LDL-C and assayed for chemokines via RNA-Seq and mitochondrial morphology via transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Additionally, correlation analysis was performed between LDL-C-induced chemokines and the overall survival of colon cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. RESULTS: The serum cholesterol level was significantly higher in colon adenocarcinoma patients with normal BMI than that in healthy controls (P

In this article, we explore the concept of solidarity in the context of empirical social inquiry, a concept that is underdeveloped in the research methodology literature. We do so by drawing connections and contrasts to other more established methodological concepts such as reflexivity and positionality. We draw upon existing literature as well as reflection and analyses of our personal experiences and research endeavors to illustrate the nature of solidarity as a relationally grounded transformational practice. Through our exploration, we aim to articulate principles that can be utilized to understand solidarity as a methodological concept, based on our assertion that through such an understanding, we are better placed to engage in transformative and justice-oriented research.

Exploration of genes in relation to body measurement traits through large-scaled mutation identification is highly conductive for the genomics-assisted breeding of superior productivity cattle. In this investigation, 31 objective mutations were genotyped synchronously in 384 yellow cattle of 8 breeds through the application of optimized MALDI–TOF-MS and multiplex PCR techniques. High genotyping rate was obtained as well as greatly decreased cost which was below one thirtieth of the routine analysis. Results from genotyping revealed 23 mutations as valid mutations in the studied cattle population with gene heterozygosity and effective allele number varying from 0.0052 to 0.4998 and 1.0052 to 1.9991, respectively. Among the 23 effective mutations, 12 was classified as moderate polymorphism (0.25