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The resource disposal of electrolytic manganese residue can effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by it, among which the problem of heavy metal pollution is the most prominent. In this study, a new type of eco-friendly brick mixed with electrolytic manganese residue was designed. The influence of the content of electrolytic manganese residue on its macroscopic properties, microscopic properties, and leaching characteristics was analyzed by test methods such as compressive strength test, radioactivity test, XRF, XRD, FTIR, and ICP test of bricks. The results showed that the manganese content in the EMR leachate was 8120 mg/L, which exceeded the Chinese standard. The leaching experiment of ordinary aqueous solution of sintered bricks mixed with 20% EMR showed that the content of heavy metals was far lower than the Chinese national standard. There was no non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in the strong acid leaching solution of sintered bricks mixed with 20% EMR. Only the carcinogenic risk values of Cr for adults and children were 4.21 × 10

The waste product phosphogypsum (PG) is produced in phosphoric acid production processes. Its storage requires large amounts of land resources and poses serious environmental risks. In this work, detailed experimental research was carried out to investigate the potential reuse of PG after calcination modification as a novel building material for cast-in-place concrete products. The calcination modification mechanism was studied, and the environmental risk assessment of modified PG was presented. The results showed that the calcination modification includes crystal phase transformation, removal of impurities, and modifying the pH value. The calcination was carried out at 280 °C for 5 h, where the resulting product was a pH value of 7.1, and the soluble fluorine and phosphorus removal rates reached up to 69.2% and 71.2%, respectively. These removal rates met the requirements of the China national standard Phosphogypsum (GB/T 23456-2018). To ensure the environmental safety, ecological risk assessment methods for determining the leaching toxicity of the modified PG were employed. The toxicity of Ba and P elements in the modified PG products was assessed, as well as the leaching toxicity concentrations of all particular heavy metals, which were found well below the limits set by the national standards. All the results presented strongly suggest that the 280 °C modified PG presented here has excellent application potential as a raw component in building materials.

The population history of Southeast (SE) China remains poorly understood due to the sparse sampling of present-day populations and limited modeling with ancient genomic data. We report genome-wide genotyping data from 207 present-day Han Chinese and Hmong-Mien (HM)-speaking She people from Fujian and Taiwan Island, SE China. We coanalyzed 66 Early Neolithic to Iron Age ancient Fujian and Taiwan Island individuals obtained from previously published works to explore the genetic continuity and admixture based on patterns of genetic variations of the high-resolution time transect. We found the genetic differentiation between northern and southern East Asians was defined by a north–south East Asian genetic cline and our studied southern East Asians were clustered in the southern end of this cline. The southeastern coastal modern East Asians are genetically similar to other southern indigenous groups as well as geographically close to Neolithic-to-Iron Age populations, but they also shared excess alleles with post-Neolithic Yellow River ancients, which suggested a southward gene flow on the modern southern coastal gene pool. In addition, we identified one new HM genetic cline in East Asia with the coastal Fujian HM-speaking She localizing at the intersection between HM and Han clines. She people show stronger genetic affinity with southern East Asian indigenous populations, with the main ancestry deriving from groups related to southeastern ancient indigenous rice farmers. The southeastern Han Chinese could be modeled with the primary ancestry deriving from the group related to the Yellow River Basin millet farmers and the remaining from groups related to rice farmers, which was consistent with the northern China origin of modern southeastern Han Chinese and in line with the historically and archaeologically attested southward migrations of Han people and their ancestors. Our estimated north–south admixture time ranges based on the decay of the linkage disequilibrium spanned from the Bronze Age to historic periods, suggesting the recent large-scale population migrations and subsequent admixture participated in the formation of modern Han in SE Asia. This study was supported by the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China (the origin and evolution of Sino‐Tibetan language family from a multidisciplinary perspective, 21&ZD285) granted to Chuan‐Chao Wang, the“Double First‐Class University Plan” key construction project of Xiamen University (the origin and evolution of East Asian populations and the spread of Chinese civilization, 0310/X2106027), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD248), and the European Research Council (ERC) grant (ERC‐2019‐ADG‐883700‐TRAM). Yingxiang Li was supported by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20180180). Guanglin He was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M691879).

The waste product Phosphogypsum (PG) produces in phosphoric acid production processes. Its storage requires large amounts of land resources and exist serious environmental risks. In this work detailed experimental research was carried out to investigate the potential reuse of PG after calcination modification as a novel building material for cast-in-place concrete products. The calcination modification mechanism was studied and the environmental risk assessment of modified PG is presented. The calcination modification includes crystal phase transformation, removal of impurities and modifying the pH value. The calcination was carried out at 280℃ for 3-4 hours, where the resulting product is a pH value of 7.3, and the soluble fluorine and phosphorus removal rates reach up to 72.7% and 82.4% respectively. These removal rates meet the requirements of the national Phosphogypsum standard (GB/T 23456-2009). To ensure the environmental safety, ecological risk assessment methods for determining the leaching toxicity of the modified PG were employed. The toxicity of Ba and P elements in the modified PG products was assessed, as well as the leaching toxicity concentrations of all particular heavy metals, which were found well below the limits set by the national standards. All the results presented strongly suggest that the 280℃ modified PG presented here has excellent application potential as a raw component in building materials.

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a common industrial solid waste. The ammonia and manganese components contained in it will pollute the soil environment and have potential risks to human health. Under the premise of investigating the production of electrolytic manganese slag and conventional processes, it is found that the traditional harmless treatment methods of electrolytic manganese slag are still mainly lime solidification, cement solidification, and fly ash solidification, and the resource utilization directions such as cement, concrete, non-sintered bricks, road bases, etc. are mainly used. But, EMR contains ammonia nitrogen, and manganese (prone to leaching) that difficult to meeting environmental protection requirements by using general cement cementitious material solidification. Therefore, this study focused on manufacturing new eco-friendly bricks with EMR using calcination process. Specifically, the physical performance and environmental characterization of the sintered bricks were investigated. Furthermore, the sintering behavior and crystallization of all bricks containing EMR were studied using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The results showed the EMR leaching solution contained 1256 mg/L and 8120 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and manganese, respectively, both of them exceeds Chinese standards (GB 8978-1996). Because of EMR is rich in Fe2O3 and K2O, it greatly promotes particle rearrangement and transfer in the EMR system, reducing the sintering temperature. The compressive strength, leaching performance and radioactivity of sintered bricks with EMR all met the state standard requirement for "sintered common bricks" (GB/T 5101-2017) and (GB 8978). The product can be used as bricks of MU20 grade of Chinese standard. The study provides an effective method for the safe and environmentally friendly disposal of EMR.

With the rapid development of construction industry, consumption of ready-mixed concrete has increased rapidly in China. As a kind of green building material and waste comprehensive utilization product, industrial solid waste-based ready-mixed concrete have better performance in terms of resource conservation and durability. However, some typical issues are associated with industrial solid waste resource recycling in ready-mixed concrete production process such as energy and material consumption, as well as leaching pollutant emissions. So, a “life cycle assessment” of the particular elements has been carried out, determining the resources consumption of all the processes of the ready-mixed concrete production. Through preparation of several different strength grades of concrete, the embodied energy and resources consumption indicator are quantitative evaluation. In addition, the environmental safety assessment was also proposed. The results show a certain linear relationship of concrete with various strength grade and its resources consumption, the higher strength grade, the more resources consumption potentials in the production of concrete. In this case, the linear correlation coefficient R2=0.98313 between them, and the equivalent coefficient’s order of the main resources, is as follows: the first is oil, then natural gas, iron ore, limestone, gypsum, and fly ash, and the last is coal. The more preceding shows more scarcity. Meanwhile, the general leaching of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ba of solid waste-based C20 concrete were also checked out. So, to further ensure the environmental safety, the potential ecological risk method was adopted to assess the heavy metal security and solid waste resource utilization.

Ammonia oxidation, driven by the ammonia oxidizers, is the rate-limiting step of nitrification and plays a key role in soil nitrogen cycling. In this study, real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing approaches were used to investigate the effects of long-term different fertilization regimes on the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizers, targeting the amoA genes, in a 30-year located experimental paddy soil in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. Four treatments were compared, including control without fertilizer (CK), fertilizers NPK (CF), 70% NPK plus 30% manure (CFM由氨氧化微生物驱动的氨氧化过程是硝化作用的限速步骤,在土壤氮素循环过程中扮演着重要角色.以湖南省宁乡县长达30 a定位试验水稻土壤为研究对象,采用荧光定量PCR和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序分析方法,以

The methods of activators, active mineral admixtures and temperature were used to activate the pozzolanic and self-cementitious properties of desulfurization ash, as well as to compare and analyze the 7 days and 28 days compressive strengths of desulfurization ash mortar. Meanwhile, the early hydration process and hydrated products of desulfurization ash were analyzed with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), FT-IR spectra (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The research results show that different kinds of activators and active mineral admixtures can activate the early active of desulfurization ash, as follows, the first is quicklime, then sodium silicate, slag powder, triethanolamine, Na 2 SO 4 and the last is silica. By the combination of organic chemical activators and inorganic mineral admixtures mentioned above, the 7 days and 28 days compressive strengths of desulfurization ash mortar can be up to 20 MPa and 22.3 MPa, respectively. The strength can still be raised by enhancing the proper curing temperature.

Based on an engineering example of intrusion-clearance of diaphragm wall, the mechanism and effect factors of intrusion-clearance are discussed by monitoring data and numerical analysis. The research result shows that the deviation of diaphragm wall, bad quality of improved soil and insufficient outward-moving of diaphragm wall cooperatively lead to intrusion-clearance, and the first has a significant effect. Moreover, dewatering of foundation pit also cause deformation of diaphragm wall, which accounts for more than 25% of the deformation during excavation, but usually despised in construction. The improving effect of reinforced soil attributes more to the deformation of diaphragm wall, especially the area closed to diaphragm wall. Some remedies and precautions are also given in this article, which could provide references of design and construction for similar projects.

Unidirectional solidification is a method of producing slab ingot for special heavy plate, when compression radio is more than 2.5, internal soundness of slab ingot is assurance, and the nature of Z orientation and percent of pass through supersonic flaw detecting are increased. Products are used in oil drilling platform in ocean ,separator of steam turbo-alternator with more than 0.6 million kW, anchor gate of large-scale hydropower station, shell of nuclear power plant, armoured plate of aircraft carrier. According to dissection on 28t large-sized slab ingot, simulation experiment of crystal, and analogy calculation of heat transfer and coagulation with CFX software, histology features and key to manufacturing technology of large-size unidirectional solidification slab ingot were mastered.

We tested whether melamine nephrotoxicity was exacerbated by urate (a typical component of renal stones in humans) in rats with hyperuricemiainduced by the uricase inhibitor, potassium oxonate (Oxo).Rats were exposed to melamine or Oxo alone or combinations of melamine (200-400 mg/kg) and Oxo (200-600 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. Kidney injury was evaluated by renal biochemical functions, histomorphology, and lipid peroxidation. Kidney crystals were analyzed for their composition.Nephrotoxicity was minimal in animals administered melamine or Oxo alone, but it was demonstrable in animals administered at least 800 mg/kg of the two compounds combined. All rats in the 400+600 (melamine+Oxo) and 400+400 mg/kg groups and 4 out of 6 in the 200+600 mg/kg group died within 3 days; no rat died in the 200+400 or 200+200 mg/kg group. Dose-dependent renal damage resembling clinical findings in affected patients was observed in rats administered the two compounds. Crystal composition determination revealed the existence of melamine and uric acid in the affected kidneys, resembling human stones.Our findings suggest that uric acid plays a key role in melamine-related kidney injury in humans. Future studies should consider uric acid together with melamine when examining adverse effects in humans.

Equity incentive has become an important measure to encourage managers, since 239 listed firms have carried out this measure. It is significant to study the influence of major shareholders control on equity incentive because major shareholder control phenomenon still exists in listed firms in China. This paper finds evidence about the impact of major shareholders control on equity incentive through the linear regression method. The evidence shows that equity incentive promotes the performance of listed firms without considering major shareholder control. When the major shareholder occupies more than 50% of equity, the effect of major shareholder control on firm performance doesn't show significantly with the increase of the share. In contract, when the major shareholder control gradually increases before reaching 50%, the major shareholder control influences the firm performance significantly.

To prospectively evaluate the health status of infants with exposure to melamine-contaminated milk formula prior to September 2008.The cohort study was conducted in an area close to the manufacturer of Sanlu dairy products. There were three groups (n = 47 each). In September 2008, the exposure group I included infants with exposure to melamine and a diagnosis of renal abnormalities, the exposure group IIhad exposure to melamine but there was no diagnosis of renal abnormalities and the non-exposure group had no exposure to melamine. The exposure II and non-exposure groups were matched with those of exposure group I by birthplaces, gender and date of birth ( ± 3 months). Kidney function tests (urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid, serum albumin, β2-microglobulin and cystatin C), liver function tests (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), growth and development assessment and urinary system ultrasonography were implemented between November 2011 and June 2012. The analysis of covariance (least significant difference method) was performed to compare the differences of relevant variables among three groups.The urinary system ultrasonography showed that all abnormalities disappeared in exposure group I and all infants of another two groups had normal ultrasonography. There were statistically significant differences in serum uric acid and albumin of kidney function in exposure group I, exposure group II and non-exposure group ((344 ± 75) and (338 ± 98) and (282 ± 69) µmol/L , (47 ± 5) and (47 ± 6) and (43 ± 5) g/L, all P0.05) among three groups. However the differences in the remaining markers of kidney function, markers of liver function and Z scores of weight-for-age and height-for age were all statistically insignificant (all P0.05). Further pair-wise comparisons showed that the levels of serum uric acid and albumin in exposure group I were higher than those in non-exposure group (P = 0.001 and 0.010). And the levels of serum uric acid and albumin in exposure group II were also higher than those in non-exposure group (P = 0.003 and 0.005).All affected infants have recovered from kidney abnormalities. Early infant exposure to melamine-contaminated milk formula appears to have no obvious impact on liver function and growth. But its potential impact on kidney function should be further assessed.

Introduction. Studies have reported inconsistent results regarding clinical feature and the prognosis status of the affected children in China melamine-contamination event. We summarized available literatures by performing a review and meta-analysis.Methods. Statistical pooling was performed using random-effects model; the sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup analyses.Results. Twenty-six studies involving 2164 patients with kidney abnormalities were identified; 94.4% of the patients had urinary calculi and 95.8% of the calculi were Conclusion. The majority of patients had small calculi and could recover without surgical treatment. Kidney abnormalities remained in about 8% of the patients at 12-month followup, indicating a need for longer-term followup.

The pathological change of small bowel is difficult to examine because it is anatomically unique. The development of wireless capsule endoscopy provides an unique opportunity to visualize the entire small bowel in a minimally invasive manner. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and clinical value of wireless capsule endoscopy in children.During the last 4 years (June, 2004-June, 2008), 46 times of wireless capsule endoscopy were performed in 43 patients with suspected small bowel disease, including obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 11), recurrent abdominal pain (n = 20), chronic diarrhea (n = 9), protein losing enteropathy (n = 2), recurrent vomiting (n = 1). Of the 43 cases, 28 were male and 15 were female, the age ranged from 6 to 18 years, 8 of these cases were10 years old. The weight of the patients ranged between 15 kg and 60 kg. The average time of capsule passing through the stomach and the small intestine, the tolerance to and complication of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients, the image quality of capsule endoscopy, and the cleanliness of small intestine after fasting for 8 hours were observed and recorded.All the patients could easily swallow the capsule and had good tolerance. The overall success rate was 94% (43/46). The median time of capsule passing through the stomach and small intestine was 73 min (range, 3 - 600 min) and 246 min (range, 73 - 413 min), respectively. The diagnostic yield of pathological change in small intestine was 90% (37/41), and the diagnostic accordance rate was 84% (31/37). Based on the wireless capsule endoscopy, diagnostic findings included Crohn's diseases (15), lymph follicular hyperplasia (4), nonspecific enteritis (4), vascular malformations (3), small bowel tumour (2), primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (2), gastrointestinal motility disorders (2), Meckel's diverticulum (1), angioma (1), small intestinal worm disease (1), duodenal ulcer (1), and polyposis syndromes (1). The capsule of 1 patient remained in the stomach. The cleanliness of small intestine after 8 hours fasting was good. And the capsule endoscopy can show high quality small intestine image.Wireless capsule endoscopy is a noninvasive, safe and useful tool for the investigation of the small intestine in children, especially for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and Crohn's disease.

Combine of ownership structure's particularity and complexity of our country listed company, based on the background of the reforms of split share structure, and analyzes the relationship between ownership structure and performance of listed enterprises from the ownership structure of the micro-perspective. Analyze the changes in ownership structure, and change of coefficient correlation between ownership structure and corporate performance before and after the reforms of split share structure. Obtain the change of the relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance through test, and put forward relevant suggestions such as made public shareholders to participate in corporate governance, cultivate qualified institutional investors, set up a sound and comprehensive outside supervision mechanism and so on.

To enhance our understanding of pediatric Crohn's disease and improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy by characterizing the clinical picture and reviewing 10 years' clinical experience in diagnosis and treatment.Nine cases with active Crohn's disease diagnosed between 1996 and 2005, including 8 males and 1 female, aged 6 - 13 years, were reviewed. Clinical, radiologic, endoscopic and histological data as well as therapeutic results were analized.The mean interval from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis was 10 months. The sites of involvement were both the small intestine and colon in 6, small intestine only in 3. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were the two most common gastrointestinal symptoms. The main extraintestinal manifestations were weight loss in 7, hypoalbuminemia in 5, mild anemia in 5, fever in 4 and hypocalcemia in 2. All the patients had undergone colonoscopy, and the findings included ulcerations, segmental lesions, cobblestone appearance, pseudopolyps and perianal abnormalities. Capsule endoscopic examination in one patient demonstrated the segmental distribution with typical longitudinal cleft-like ulcers and cobblestone appearance. Gastrointestinal barium meal X-ray examination was performed in 7 patients, the main findings were segmental strictures and abnormal mucosa. Histological examination of biopsy specimens mainly showed nonspecific chronic inflammation. Non-caseating granulomas were identifiable in 2 cases. Although there were many macroscopic and microscopic features supporting the diagnosis of Crohn's disease, no epithelioid granuloma could be found in surgical specimens of two patients. Treatment was given up by parents of 2 patients after the diagnosis was established. All the other 7 patients were treated with 5-acetylsalicylic acid, antibiotics and nutritional support during the acute phase. Corticosteroids were used in two patients. Long-term remission was achieved and maintained in 3 children, and in one of them medication could be discontinued and had no signs of disease activity at the end of the follow-up.Children and adolescents presenting with Crohn's disease commonly have weight loss and nutritional impairment, which may provide clues to the diagnosis. Appropriate formulation and higher dosage of 5-acetylsalicylic acid [30-50 mg/(kg x d)] may be effective in inducing and maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease.