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We aimed to determine the toxic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on 12 generations (T1-T12) of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated cellular senescence, interleukin (IL) 8 concentrations, and angiogenesis using β-galactosidase staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and in vitro assays, respectively. The adhesion properties of contaminated cells and differentially expressed genes were assessed using the xCELLigence RTCA SP system and gene chip analysis, respectively. We found that long-term exposure to low levels of HTO can reduce the adhesion of HUVECs to the cellular matrix as well as their angiogenic capacity, while increasing their permeability, senescence, and adhesion to monocytes. Interleukin 8 activated the p38 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathways in HTO-treated cells and hence was identified as a key candidate of biomarker. The present study clarified the toxicity of HTO in vascular endothelial cells and identified IL8 as a novel protective target with important theoretical and practical values.

An extension of a triangular norm (t-norm for short) called tseminorm is discussed in this paper. Firstly, we introduce the concept of t-seminorms on a complete lattice. Then, we discuss two kinds of residual implications of t-seminorms, and give the equivalent conditions for infinitely ∨-distributive t-seminorms. Furthermore, we define two classes of induced operators of implications on a complete lattice and give the conditions such that they are t-seminorms or infinitely ∧-distributive t-seminorms in their second variables. We also propose another method inducing t-seminorms by implications and another method inducing implications by t-seminorms and involutive negations on a complete lattice.

In rough communication, each agent taking part in rough communication may give new judge about the dynamic concept X. And this new information may be important. How to study the rough communication which concerns the useful subjective information is very important. The definition of rough communication of dynamic concept based on α - generation of two direction assistant sets is proposed in the paper. An example is presented to illustrate the reasonableness of the new definition.