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In this work, novel injectable and radiopaque calcium phosphate bone cements were prepared using zirconia short fiber as a radiopacifier. The radiopacity, setting time, injectability, anti-washout ability, microstructure, mechanical property, and the in vitro cytocompatibility of the novel cements were evaluated thoroughly. The results reveal that the incorporation of zirconia fiber significantly improves the radiopacity of bone cement while it has no significant effect on the setting time, anti-washout ability, and injectability. The cements are still injectable and show good manual operability. Moreover, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the composite bone cement with 2 wt% fibers are enhanced. Additionally, MTT results reveal that the zirconia fiber doped cements exhibit no cytotoxicity toward osteoblastic MG63 cells, and MG63 cells can adhere and proliferate well on the cements. Therefore, calcium phosphate bone cement containing zirconia fibers has the potential to be used as a bone repair material for minimally invasive surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone defect‐related surgical procedures are traumatic processes carrying potential inflammation and infection risks in the clinic, which are associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy that promotes bacterial antibiotic‐resistance. In the present study, Cu‐loaded brushite bone cements were designed, and the properties of the bone cements were evaluated. The setting time of the cement was prolonged from 12 to 50 min as the copper content increased. All cements were anti‐washout, and the injectable coefficient of the cements was approximately 88%. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the crystal grains grew larger and thicker as the copper content in the cement increased, and brushite was determined to be the dominant crystalline phase for all the cements. However, a small amount of newly formed calcium copper phosphate was observed in the cement. Simultaneously, band shifts were observed in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results at a Cu content of 5%. Moreover, the addition of Cu improved the compressive strength of brushite cements, and all cements were degradable. Furthermore, the Cu‐loaded brushite bone cements performed well in inhibiting the growth and proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the diameter of the inhibition zone increased with increasing copper content. The study revealed that the Cu‐loaded brushite bone cements possessed good cellular affinity to mouse bone marrow stem cells when a lower dose of copper was added in vitro. These results support the great potential of injectable antibacterial brushite bone cement specifically for bone tissue defect‐related repair and regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite-modified magnetite (Fe3O4) has been incorporated to brushite bone cement to prepare novel injectable magnetic bone cement (NIMC) for hyperthermia. The results reveal that NIMC with a setting time of 30 min is injectable and anti-washout. Under the magnetic field of 1.59 × 106 A/m, the saturation magnetisation of NIMC is 28.01 A·m2/Kg, higher than that of the contrast with non-modified magnetite. Moreover, after exposed to an alternating magnetic field (340 kHz, 1.13 × 103 A/m) for 200 s, the specific absorption rate values of NIMC and the contrast are 30.20 W/g and 18.75 W/g, respectively. NIMC displays much better heating ability than the contrast. Moreover, IMBC has no cytotoxicity to MG-63 cells, and MG-63 cells can adhere and spread on the cement after co-culturing for 7 days. Therefore, this novel magnetic bone cement has the potential to be used for hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in order to reveal the effect of different bioactive glass matrix on magnetic bioactive glass-ceramics (MBGCs), the interfaces between magnetite and three most often used bioactive glass systems, 80SiO2-15CaO-5P2O5 (80S), 58SiO2-36CaO-6P2O5 (58S), and 35SiO2-50CaO-7P2O5-7MgO-1CaF2 (35SM), were prepared and analyzed. Moreover, the phase composition, magnetic structure, and in vitro reactivity of the corresponding glass/ferrite composites with 29 wt% ferrite were investigated. The results showed that Fe migrated into the glass matrix much faster than Si moved into the ferrite phase. Moreover, 58S and 80S glass displayed much stronger interfacial reactions with the ferrite than 35SM glass. Furthermore, the Mössbauer spectra revealed that the 35SM/ferrite composite, showing a saturation magnetization of 3.88 A·m2/kg, had about 29% Fe ions remained the magnetic structure and MgFe2O4 was detected, while all Fe ions were found to be in the paramagnetic structure in the other two composites. Additionally, continuous deposit layers covered all the three composite surfaces after being soaked in simulated body fluid for 14 days. Therefore, when used as MBGC glass matrix, the 35SM glass seemed to be more beneficial to the magnetism. The results of this study are helpful in the design and optimization of MBGCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, chopped basalt fibres were used as reinforcing and toughening phase to enhance the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of the composite cement were evaluated thoroughly. The results revealed that the addition of fibres did not significantly change the cement setting process but markedly improved the toughness. The fracture work of cement with 1 wt% fibres was 10 times higher than that of the pure control due to pulling out of the fibres. Moreover, the flexural strength of composite cement was also promoted with a certain amount of fibres. Additionally, the composite cementscement showed no cytotoxicity to MG63 cells, and the osteoblasts could adhere and proliferate well on the cements. Therefore, basalt fibres could be potentially used as a reinforcing phase for calcium phosphate bone cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]