Search

Your search keyword '"Peh, Kelvin S.-H."' showing total 307 results
Start Over Author "Peh, Kelvin S.-H."
307 results on '"Peh, Kelvin S.-H."'

3. High Resource Overlap and a Consistently Generalised Pattern of Interactions in a Bat–Flower Network in a Seasonally Dry Landscape.

Author

Tremlett, Constance J., Chapman, Mark, Maher, Kathryn H., Keller, Alexander, Blüthgen, Nico, Peh, Kelvin S.‐H., and Zamora‐Gutierrez, Veronica

Subjects
CLIMATE change, POLLINATORS, PLANT species, PLANT communities, GENETIC barcoding, POLLINATION
Abstract

Pollination is an ecosystem process that is crucial to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function. Bats are important pollinators in the tropics and are an integral part of complex plant–pollinator interaction networks. However, network analysis–based approaches are still scarce at the plant species and bat community levels. We used metabarcoding to identify plant taxa present in pollen from fur and faecal samples collected across 1 year from three nectar‐feeding bat roosts in central Mexico. We calculated the frequency of occurrence of plant taxa and assembled a zoocentric network of bat–plant interactions. We constructed a year‐long network, encompassing the entire period of sampling, two seasonal networks comprising the wet and dry seasons, and six individual networks from sampling at two‐month intervals across the year. Four species of nectar‐feeding bats interacted with 36 plant species from 16 families. We found highly generalised interaction patterns across networks corresponding with opportunistic feeding behaviour by bats, with little seasonal variation in network structure. There was high resource overlap between bat species, and bats visited a diverse range of plant species even during periods with a high abundance of particular resources in the landscape. The diverse diet of nectar‐feeding bats emphasises the importance of floristically rich natural habitats in the landscape to provide reliable foraging resources year‐round in a seasonally variable system. While a generalised network structure is thought to increase robustness, further research is necessary to understand how fluctuations in pollinator abundance and diversity in the face of land use and climate change may impact bat–flower networks and the consequences to plant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Platts, Philip J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, Gérard, Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, Iveren, Adhikari, Hari, Albrecht, Tomas, Altman, Jan, Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, Abreham B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, Lindsay, Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge K., Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, Achim, Bulonvu, Franklin, Burgess, Neil D., Calders, Kim, Chapman, Colin, Chapman, Hazel, Comiskey, James, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, Ben, Dolezal, Jiri, Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, Senbeta, Gebrekirstos, Aster, Gereau, Roy, Gilpin, Martin, Hakizimana, Dismas, Hall, Jefferson, Hamilton, Alan, Hardy, Olivier, Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, Janne, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hiltner, Ulrike, Horak, David, Kamdem, Marie-Noel, Kayijamahe, Charles, Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, Mwangi J., Klein, Julia, Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, Jon, Lung, Mark, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew, Martin, Emanuel H., Mitchard, Edward T. A., Morel, Alexandra, Mukendi, John T., Muller, Tom, Nchu, Felix, Nyirambangutse, Brigitte, Okello, Joseph, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pellikka, Petri, Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew, Qie, Lan, Rovero, Francesco, Sainge, Moses N., Schmitt, Christine B., Sedlacek, Ondrej, Ngute, Alain S. K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, Demisse, Simegn, Tibebu Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Soromessa, Teshome, Sunderland, Terry, Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, James, Taylor, David, Thomas, Sean C., Timberlake, Jonathan, Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter, Uzabaho, Eustrate, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, Göran, Wheeler, Charlotte, Willcock, Simon, Woods, John T., and Zibera, Etienne

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Linking network ecology and ecosystem services to benefit people.

Author

Stanworth, Anna, Peh, Kelvin S.‐H., and Morris, Rebecca J.

Subjects
ECOSYSTEM services, ECOSYSTEM management, TRADITIONAL knowledge, LOCAL knowledge, PERIODICAL articles
Abstract

Ecosystems are rapidly degraded by anthropogenic pressures, affecting the provision of ecosystem services. Therefore, it is increasingly important that we can quantify and manage ecosystem services to maintain human well‐being.Many ecosystem services are underpinned by ecosystem functions and processes that are driven by interspecific ecological interactions. Humans then benefit from ecosystem services through socio‐ecological interactions. Therefore, interaction network approaches can provide a unique understanding of ecosystem service flows.In this paper, we assess the current interface between network ecology and ecosystem services, before exploring how work linking these two fields could be enhanced.We emphasise the value of network approaches and explore network methods to improve the assessment and management of ecosystem services. Within this, we highlight the role of local and indigenous knowledge in operationalising network approaches in a useful ecosystem service context. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests

Author

Hubau, Wannes, Lewis, Simon L., Phillips, Oliver L., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Beeckman, Hans, Cuní-Sanchez, Aida, Daniels, Armandu K., Ewango, Corneille E. N., Fauset, Sophie, Mukinzi, Jacques M., Sheil, Douglas, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Sunderland, Terry C. H., Taedoumg, Hermann, Thomas, Sean C., White, Lee J. T., Abernethy, Katharine A., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Amani, Christian A., Baker, Timothy R., Banin, Lindsay F., Baya, Fidèle, Begne, Serge K., Bennett, Amy C., Benedet, Fabrice, Bitariho, Robert, Bocko, Yannick E., Boeckx, Pascal, Boundja, Patrick, Brienen, Roel J. W., Brncic, Terry, Chezeaux, Eric, Chuyong, George B., Clark, Connie J., Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Coomes, David A., Dargie, Greta C., de Haulleville, Thales, Kamdem, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Feldpausch, Ted R., Fofanah, Alusine, Foli, Ernest G., Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hall, Jefferson S., Hamilton, Alan C., Harris, David J., Hart, Terese B., Hockemba, Mireille B. N., Hladik, Annette, Ifo, Suspense A., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Jucker, Tommaso, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Koch, Alexander, Leal, Miguel E., Levesley, Aurora, Lindsell, Jeremy A., Lisingo, Janvier, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon C., Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Jim, Martin, Emanuel H., Mbayu, Faustin M., Medjibe, Vincent P., Mihindou, Vianet, Mitchard, Edward T. A., Moore, Sam, Munishi, Pantaleo K. T., Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Ojo, Lucas, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pickavance, Georgia C., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Qie, Lan, Reitsma, Jan, Rovero, Francesco, Swaine, Michael D., Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, Taylor, David M., Thomas, Duncan W., Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter M., van der Heijden, Geertje M. F., Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Willcock, Simon, Wöll, Hannsjörg, Woods, John T., and Zemagho, Lise

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. A new valuation school: Integrating diverse values of nature in resource and land use decisions

Author

Jacobs, Sander, Dendoncker, Nicolas, Martín-López, Berta, Barton, David Nicholas, Gomez-Baggethun, Erik, Boeraeve, Fanny, McGrath, Francesca L., Vierikko, Kati, Geneletti, Davide, Sevecke, Katharina J., Pipart, Nathalie, Primmer, Eeva, Mederly, Peter, Schmidt, Stefan, Aragão, Alexandra, Baral, Himlal, Bark, Rosalind H., Briceno, Tania, Brogna, Delphine, Cabral, Pedro, De Vreese, Rik, Liquete, Camino, Mueller, Hannah, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Phelan, Anna, Rincón, Alexander R., Rogers, Shannon H., Turkelboom, Francis, Van Reeth, Wouter, van Zanten, Boris T., Wam, Hilde Karine, and Washbourne, Carla-Leanne

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Synergies between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision: Lessons on integrated ecosystem service valuation from a Himalayan protected area, Nepal

Author

Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Thapa, Ishana, Basnyat, Menuka, Balmford, Andrew, Bhattarai, Gopal Prakash, Bradbury, Richard B., Brown, Claire, Butchart, Stuart H.M., Dhakal, Maheshwar, Gurung, Hum, Hughes, Francine M.R., Mulligan, Mark, Pandeya, Bhopal, Stattersfield, Alison J., Thomas, David H.L., Walpole, Matt, and Merriman, Jennifer C.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Research capability gaps hinder understanding of the impact of climate change on ecosystem services in the Latin American Pacific coast

Author

Calderon-Aguilera, Luis E., Fenberg, Phillip B., Godbold, Jasmin A., Hill, Christopher T., Hudson, Malcolm D., Hutton, Craig, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Solan, Martin, and Eigenbrod, Felix

Abstract

Background. Coastal communities are highly dependent on ecosystem services, but the benefits and livelihoods people derive from natural ecosystems are directly and indirectly affected by climate change. The need for a mechanistic understanding of how components of climate change translate into measurable impacts on ecosystems and society is fundamental to the ability to manage, plan and mitigate for the most likely environmental futures, yet progress in this area in tropical and subtropical countries is frustrated by a lack of research capacity at the local and regional level. Objectives. Here, we investigate the research capacity of the countries along the Pacific coast, between Mexico and Chile, a region with an extensive coastline (23,191 km) that spans 11 countries of varying socio-economic development status and anticipated to be especially vulnerable to climate change. Methods. Specifically, our focus was to explore how the effects of climate change on ecosystem services (provision, regulation and cultural) may relate to research capacity and gross domestic product (GDP) in each country along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Results. We find that, since 1980, the number of peer-reviewed scientific studies relevant to this topic strongly correlates with GDP (r = 0.90, p < 0.05) and that research effort is an order of magnitude lower along the Latin American Pacific coast (13.8 studies 1000 km-1) than in the neighbouring Californian coast (103 studies 1000 km-1). Conclusions. Our results highlight the need to better develop the research in the Latin America Pacific, and for more work on the key links between climate change and ecosystem services.

Published
2022

26. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests

Author

Lewis, Simon L., Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry, Begne, Serge K., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, van der Heijden, Geertje M. F., Phillips, Oliver L., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Baker, Timothy R., Banin, Lindsay, Bastin, Jean-François, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Chezeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Collins, Murray, Djagbletey, Gloria, Djuikouo, Marie Noël K., Droissart, Vincent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Ewango, Cornielle E. N., Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Foli, Ernest G., Gillet, Jean-François, Hamilton, Alan C., Harris, David J., Hart, Terese B., de Haulleville, Thales, Hladik, Annette, Hufkens, Koen, Huygens, Dries, Jeanmart, Philippe, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Leal, Miguel E., Lloyd, Jon, Lovett, Jon C., Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Ojo, Lucas, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pickavance, Georgia, Poulsen, John R., Reitsma, Jan M., Sheil, Douglas, Simo, Murielle, Steppe, Kathy, Taedoumg, Hermann E., Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James R. D., Taylor, David, Thomas, Sean C., Toirambe, Benjamin, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, White, Lee J. T., Willcock, Simon, Woell, Hannsjorg, and Zemagho, Lise

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Rapid assessment of insect pollination services to inform decision‐making

Author

Ratto, Fabrizia, primary, Breeze, Tom D., additional, Cole, Lorna J., additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Kunin, Bill, additional, Michez, Denis, additional, O'Connor, Rory, additional, Ollerton, Jeff, additional, Paxton, Robert J., additional, Poppy, Guy M., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Senapathi, Deepa, additional, Shaw, Rosalind, additional, Dicks, Lynn V., additional, and Peh, Kelvin S.‐H., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Predicting alpha diversity of African rain forests: models based on climate and satellite-derived data do not perform better than a purely spatial model

Author

Parmentier, Ingrid, Harrigan, Ryan J., Buermann, Wolfgang, Mitchard, Edward T. A., Saatchi, Sassan, Malhi, Yadvinder, Bongers, Frans, Hawthorne, William D., Leal, Miguel E., Lewis, Simon L., Nusbaumer, Louis, Sheil, Douglas, Sosef, Marc S. M., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Bakayoko, Adama, Chuyong, George B., Chatelain, Cyrille, Comiskey, James A., Dauby, Gilles, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Fauset, Sophie, Gautier, Laurent, Gillet, Jean-François, Kenfack, David, Kouamé, François N., Kouassi, Edouard K., Kouka, Lazare A., Parren, Marc P. E., Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Reitsma, Jan M., Senterre, Bruno, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry C. H., Swaine, Mike D., Tchouto, Mbatchou G. P., Thomas, Duncan, Van Valkenburg, Johan L. C. H., and Hardy, Olivier J.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests

Author

Phillips, Oliver L., van der Heijden, Geertje, Lewis, Simon L., López-González, Gabriela, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Lloyd, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Monteagudo, Abel, Almeida, Samuel, Dávila, Esteban Alvarez, Amaral, Iêda, Andelman, Sandy, Andrade, Ana, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aymard, Gerardo, Baker, Tim R., Blanc, Lilian, Bonal, Damien, de Oliveira, Átila Cristina Alves, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Cardozo, Nallaret Dávila, da Costa, Lola, Feldpausch, Ted R., Fisher, Joshua B., Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Freitas, Maria Aparecida, Galbraith, David, Gloor, Emanuel, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio, Eurídice, Jiménez, Eliana, Keeling, Helen, Killeen, Tim J., Lovett, Jon C., Meir, Patrick, Mendoza, Casimiro, Morel, Alexandra, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Patiño, Sandra, Peh, Kelvin S-H., Cruz, Antonio Peña, Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, Fredy, Ramírez, Hirma, Rudas, Agustín, Salamão, Rafael, Schwarz, Michael, Silva, Javier, Silveira, Marcos, Slik, J. W. Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Thomas, Anne Sota, Stropp, Juliana, Taplin, James R. D., Vásquez, Rodolfo, and Vilanova, Emilio

Published
2010

42. Habitat Adaptation Mediates the Influence of Leaf Traits on Canopy Productivity: Evidence from a Tropical Freshwater Swamp Forest

Author

Lam, Weng Ngai, primary, Chan, Pin Jia, additional, Ting, Ying Ying, additional, Sim, Hong Jhun, additional, Lian, Jun Jie, additional, Chong, Rie, additional, Rahman, Nur Estya, additional, Tan, Lorraine Wen Ai, additional, Ho, Qian Yi, additional, Chiam, Zhongyu, additional, Arora, Srishti, additional, Lai, Hao Ran, additional, Ramchunder, Sorain J., additional, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., additional, Cai, Yixiong, additional, and Chong, Kwek Yan, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Implications of climate change for Malaysian tropical montane bird communities discernible over a 14-years interval

Author

Soh, Malcolm C.K., Ng, Carilynne, Puan, Chong Leong, and Peh, Kelvin S.-H.

Abstract

Tropical montane ecosystems are vulnerable to multiple threats, and severe ecological impact on such systems has been documented. However, trends for local montane biodiversity are often varied. Such discrepancy underscores the need to parse the spatial and temporal dynamic of each habitat type within a montane landscape in terms of their species richness, species turnover rate, and relative abundance. We studied species richness and composition of two tropical montane bird communities at two localities in Peninsular Malaysia in 2002-03 and 2016-17. The habitat types sampled at each locality represent a disturbance gradient within a montane landscape. While the number of species generally increased along the disturbance gradient, all study sites (bar tea plantation) had the same or fewer species observed in 2016-17. At the community level observed from the two time periods, Fraser’s Hill – where development has been absent since 1920s – had a decrease in species richness; and a higher proportion of species with a decline in their relative abundance, compared to the more disturbed landscape in Cameron Highlands. Both the number of species lost and the number of species gained also varied considerably between the two communities. Our results suggest that climate change is a likely factor in negatively impacting the montane bird communities in Peninsular Malaysia, and highlight the need to monitor the temporal dynamic in the composition of local communities.

Published
2021

45. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author

Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean-Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow-de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, Tran, Hieu Dang, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean-Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow-de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, and Tran, Hieu Dang

Abstract

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest sc

Published
2021

47. Increasing carbon storage in intact African tropical forests

Author

Lewis, Simon L., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Sonke, Bonaventure, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Baker, Timothy R., Ojo, Lucas O., Phillips, Oliver L., Reitsma, Jan M., White, Lee, Comiskey, James A., Djuikouo K., Marie-Noel, Ewango, Corneille E.N., Feldpausch, Ted R., Hamilton, Alan C., Gloor, Manuel, Hart, Terese, Hladik, Annette, Lloyd, Jon, Lovett, Jon C., Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mbago, Frank M., Ndangalasi, Henry J., Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Sheil, Douglas, Sunderland, Terry, Swaine, Michael D., Taplin, James, Taylor, David, Thomas, Sean C., Votere, Raymond, and Woll, Hannsjorg

Subjects
Rain forest ecology -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Carbon -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The response of terrestrial vegetation to a globally changing environment is central to predictions of future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (1,2). The role of tropical forests is critical because they are carbon-dense and highly productive (3,4). Inventory plots across Amazonia show that old-growth forests have increased in carbon storage over recent decades (5-7), but the response of one-third of the world's tropical forests in Africa (8) is largely unknown owing to an absence of spatially extensive observation networks (9,10). Here we report data from a ten-country network of long-term monitoring plots in African tropical forests. We find that across 79 plots (163 ha) above-ground carbon storage in live trees increased by 0.63 Mg C [ha.sup.-1] [yr.sup.-1] between 1968 and 2007 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.94; mean interval, 1987-96). Extrapolation to unmeasured forest components (live roots, small trees, necromass) and scaling to the continent implies a total increase in carbon storage in African tropical forest trees of 0.34 Pg C [yr.sup.-1] (CI, 0.15-0.43). These reported changes in carbon storage are similar to those reported for Amazonian forests per unit area (6,7), providing evidence that increasing carbon storage in old-growth forests is a pan-tropical phenomenon. Indeed, combining all standardized inventory data from this study and from tropical America and Asia (5,6,11) together yields a comparable figure of 0.49 Mg C [ha.sup.-1] [yr.sup.-1] (n = 156; 562 ha; CI, 0.29-0.66; mean interval, 1987-97). This indicates a carbon sink of 1.3 Pg C [yr.sup.-1] (CI, 0.8-1.6) across all tropical forests during recent decades. Taxon-specific analyses of African inventory and other data (12) suggest that widespread changes in resource availability, such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, may be the cause of the increase in carbon stocks (13), as some theory (14) and models (2,10,15) predict., Tropical forests cover 7-10% of the global land area, store 40-50% of carbon in terrestrial vegetation and annually process approximately six times as much carbon via photosynthesis and respiration as [...]

Published
2009

48. Phenology of tropical birds in Peninsular Malaysia: effects of selective logging and food resources/Fenologia de aves tropicales en Malasia peninsular: efectos de la tala selectiva y los recursos alimenticios

Author

Yap, Charlotte A.-M., Sodhi, Navjot S., and Peh, Kelvin S.-H.

Subjects
Phenology -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The increasing prevalence of selective logging in Southeast Asian tropical rainforests compels much-needed studies to examine its effects on the vital life-cycle events of their resident understory birds, which are particularly sensitive to such degradation. Food abundance, which can be an important factor in avian phenology, may be affected by selective logging. Therefore, studies that compare food abundance and breeding and molting occurrence simultaneously at the same sites are important for the ecological monitoring of such logging regimes. Using bimonthly mist netting in two rainforest areas in Peninsular Malaysia, we assessed the breeding and molting occurrence and diets of understory birds and compared the abundance of food resources in unlogged forests and forests that had been selectively logged 30 years before. Our study revealed no differences between forest types in overall understory-resident bird abundance; comparative species richness; feeding-guild composition; breeding and molting occurrence and temporal variation; or arthropod, fruit, and flower abundance. The similarity in food resources could account for the similarity in avian phenological characteristics between forest types. Increased breeding corresponded with increased food abundance at the feeding-guild level, and dietary data supported these findings. Breeding cycles of sensitive indicator groups such as understory resident birds are likely to depend on food abundance and forest structure and, thus, on selective logging. Our observation of undiminished avian breeding and molting occurrence in selectively logged forests is an encouraging indication of their conservation potential. However, we emphasize that differences in selective logging practices could affect the forest structure and avifauna differently. Setting thresholds for extraction and regeneration time and subscribing to minimum-impact methods that reduce collateral damage are essential if selectively logged areas are to maintain most of their initial biodiversity. Received 24 May 2005, accepted 6 August 2006. Key words: breeding, food abundance, logging, molting, rainforest conservation, Southeast Asia. El incremento de la prevalencia de actividades de tala selectiva en los bosques tropicales lluviosos del sudeste asiatico hace que sea muy necesario realizar estudios para examinar sus efectos sobre eventos vitales del ciclo de vida de las aves residentes del sotobosque, las cuales son particularmente sensibles a dicha degradacion. La abundancia de alimento, que puede ser un factor importante en la fenologia de las aves, podria ser afectada por la tala selectiva. Por lo tanto, los estudios que comparan la abundancia de alimento con la ocurrencia de la reproduccion y la muda simultaneamente en los mismos sitios, son importantes para el monitoreo ecologico de dichas practicas de tala. Utilizando capturas con redes de niebla realizadas bimensualmente en dos areas de bosque lluvioso en Malasia peninsular, evaluamos la dieta y la ocurrencia de la reproduccion y la muda en aves del sotobosque, y comparamos la abundancia de recursos alimenticios entre bosque no talados y bosques que habian sido sometidos a tala selectiva 30 anos atras. Nuestro estudio no mostro diferencias entre tipos de bosque en la abundancia general de aves residentes del sotobosque, en la riqueza de especies, en la composicion de gremios alimenticios, en la ocurrencia y variacion temporal del muda y la reproduccion, ni en la abundancia de artropodos, frutos y flores. La similitud en los recursos alimenticios podria explicar la similitud en las caracteristicas de la fenologia de las aves entre tipos de bosques. Los incrementos en la actividad reproductiva correspondieron a incrementos en la abundancia de alimento al nivel de gremios alimenticios, un hallazgo que fue apoyado por los datos de dieta. Los ciclos reproductivos de grupos indicadores sensibles como las aves residentes del sotobosque probablemente dependen de la abundancia de alimento y de la estructura del bosque, y, por lo tanto, de la tala selectiva. Nuestra observacion de que la ocurrencia de la reproduccion y la muda no es menor en bosques expuestos a tala selectiva es una indicacion alentadora de su potencial de conservacion. Sin embargo, hacemos enfasis en que diferentes practicas de tala selectiva podrian afectar la estructura del bosque y a la avifauna de modos diferentes. Establecer limites para la extraccion y para el tiempo de regeneracion, y adoptar metodos de minimo impacto para reducir los danos colaterales, es esencial para que las areas expuestas a tala selectiva puedan mantener la mayor parte de su biodiversidad inicial.

Published
2007

49. Potential effects of climate change on elevational distributions of tropical birds in Southeast Asia/Efectos potenciales del cambio climatico en las distribuciones altitudinales de aves tropicales en el sudeste de Asia

Author

Peh, Kelvin S.-H.

Subjects
Birds -- Research, Bird populations -- Research, Climatic changes -- Influence, Biological sciences
Abstract

An analysis of the elevational distributions of Southeast Asian birds over a 28-year period provides evidence for a potential upward shift for 94 common resident species. These species might have shifted their lower, upper, or both lower and upper boundaries toward a higher elevation in response to climate warming. These upward shifts occurred regardless of habitat specificity, further implicating climate warming, in addition to habitat loss, as a potentially important factor affecting the already imperiled biotas of Southeast Asia. Key words: disturbance, elevational limit, elevational range, global warming, Southeast Asia. Un analisis de la distribucion altitudinal de las aves del sudeste asiatico a lo largo de un periodo de 28 anos evidencia un desplazamiento potencial hacia arriba de 94 especies residentes comunes. Estas especies podrian haber desplazado sus limites inferiores, superiores o ambos hacia elevaciones mayores en respuesta al calentamiento climatico. Estos desplazamientos hacia arriba se dieron independientemente de la especificidad de habitat, implicando mas aun al calentamiento climatico, ademas de la perdida de habitat, como un factor potencialmente importante que afecta a las ya deterioradas biotas del sur de Asia.

Published
2007

50. Predation on multiple prey types across a disturbance gradient in tropical montane forests of Peninsular Malaysia

Author

Murray, Kieran, Soh, Malcolm C. K., Puan, Chong Leong, Abu Hashim, Abdul Kadir, Abdul Patah, Pazil, Peh, Kelvin S. H., Murray, Kieran, Soh, Malcolm C. K., Puan, Chong Leong, Abu Hashim, Abdul Kadir, Abdul Patah, Pazil, and Peh, Kelvin S. H.

Abstract

Predation plays a critical role in animal and plant survivorship, and can be highly sensitive to habitat loss and disturbance. Tropical montane forests in Southeast Asia are being modified rapidly by land-use change, and the consequences of this on predation likelihood are poorly understood. In Peninsular Malaysia, we conducted predation experiments at eight tropical montane forest sites along a disturbance gradient. We investigated whether (1) predation pressure in primary forests differs between different mountains; (2) predation probability is linked to habitat degradation; and (3) vegetation variables explain predation occurrence. At each forest site, we placed artificial nests with real and model quail eggs, dishes with real and artificial seeds of the cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), models resembling four-lined tree frogs (Polypedetes leucomystax) and models of the late instar caterpillar of the common Mormon (Papilio polytes) at points 100 m apart for three nights. Using Bayesian binomial simulations, we showed that predation likelihood in primary forests from different mountains can vary (e.g., probability of the difference in predation rate of artificial caterpillars between two primary forests was estimated at 82–100%). We also found that higher predation was not linked to habitat degradation for all artificial prey and seeds (e.g., comparing forests of varying degrees of disturbance from the same mountain, the probability that predation of an artificial caterpillar is lower at the primary forest was estimated at 2–20% only). Model selection and hierarchical partitioning showed that vegetation variables can explain predation occurrence, suggesting microhabitat characteristics may be influential. Conducting predation experiments by using artificial prey and seeds is useful for comparing predation likelihood at different sites, making ecological comparisons, and for informing conservation decisions. This novel approach of using multiple prey items also show

Published
2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results