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1. Leptospirosis: toward a better understanding of the environmental lifestyle of Leptospira

Author

Grégoire Davignon, Julie Cagliero, Linda Guentas, Emilie Bierque, Pierre Genthon, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Farid Juillot, Malia Kainiu, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Mathieu Picardeau, Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher, Marie-Estelle Soupé-Gilbert, Caroline Tramier, Jessica Vilanova, Kavya Wijesuriya, Roman Thibeaux, and Cyrille Goarant

Subjects
epidemiological cycle, environmental survival, environmental contamination, biofilm, c-di-GMP, mammal host infection, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

Leptospira is a complex bacterial genus which biodiversity has long been overlooked. In the recent years however, environmental studies have contributed to shed light on its original and current environmental habitat. Although very fragile bacteria in laboratories, Leptospira have been shown to successfully occupy a range of soil and freshwater habitats. Recent work has strongly suggested that biofilm formation, a multicellular lifestyle regulated by the second messenger c-di-GMP, might be one strategy developed to overcome the multiple challenges of environmental survival. Within the genus, a minority of pathogenic species have developed the ability to infect mammals and be responsible for leptospirosis. However, most of them have retained their environmental survival capacity, which is required to fulfill their epidemiological cycle. Indeed, susceptible hosts, such as human, suffer from various symptoms, while reservoir hosts stay asymptomatic and release bacteria in the environment. In this review, we discuss how c-di-GMP might be a central regulator allowing pathogenic Leptospira to fulfill this complex life cycle. We conclude by identifying knowledge gaps and propose some hypotheses that should be researched to gain a holistic vision of Leptospira biology.

Published
2023
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2. Effect of Salinity and Nitrogen Form in Irrigation Water on Growth, Antioxidants and Fatty Acids Profiles in Halophytes Salsola australis, Suaeda maritima, and Enchylaena tomentosa for a Perspective of Biosaline Agriculture

Author

Cassandre Certain, Luc Della Patrona, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Audrey Léopold, Philippe Soudant, and Fabienne Le Grand

Subjects
halophyte, Salsola australis, Suaeda maritima, Enchylaena tomentosa, salt tolerance, nitrogen form, Agriculture
Abstract

Cultivation of salt-tolerant crops help to face to irreversible global salinization of freshwater and soils. In New-Caledonia, three halophytes are candidates for saline crops, Salsola australis R.Br., Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort and Enchylaena tomentosa R.Br. Their success and quality depend yet on availabilities of salinity and essential nutrients in agrosystems. So, we investigated effects of three salinities, i.e., control moderate and high, and five nitrogen ratios, i.e., 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 or 0:100 NO3−-N:NH4+-N ratio on their growth and functional value for fatty acids and antioxidants. Results show that the leaf fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of species, emphasize their good potential to become functional crop products, based on comparison with other functional plants, dietetic recommendation, or functional indices. However, their total phenolic compounds (TPC) content can be influenced by N-ratio (Suaeda maritima and Enchylaena tomentosa) and their antioxidant activity index (AAI) can be influenced by salinity (Suaeda maritima), N-ratio (Salsola australis) or both (Enchylaenatomentosa). Their quantitative and/or qualitative fatty acid profiles can also be influenced by salinity (Enchylaena tomentosa), N-ratio (Suaeda maritima), or both (Salsola australis). Regarding these variations, involving salt tolerance and nitrogen nutrition mechanisms, we recommend suitable treatments to maintain or optimize the growth and the functional quality of leaves in the three species.

Published
2021
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3. International Analysis of Sources and Human Health Risk Associated with Trace Metal Contaminants in Residential Indoor Dust

Author

Cynthia Faye Isley, Kara L. Fry, Xiaochi Liu, Gabriel Michael Filippelli, Jane A. Entwistle, Adam P. Martin, Melanie Kah, Diana Meza-Figueroa, John T. Shukle, Khadija Jabeen, Abimbola O. Famuyiwa, Liqin Wu, Neda Sharifi-Soltani, Israel N. Y. Doyi, Ariadne Argyraki, Kin Fai Ho, Chenyin Dong, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, C. Marjorie Aelion, and Mark Patrick Taylor

Subjects
China, Metals, Heavy, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Dust, F800, General Chemistry, Risk Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Metalloids, Trace Elements
Abstract

People spend increasing amounts of time at home, yet the indoor home environment remains understudied in terms of potential exposure to toxic trace metals. We evaluated trace metal (and metalloid) concentrations (As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and health risks in indoor dust from homes from 35 countries, along with a suite of potentially contributory residential characteristics. The objective was to determine trace metal source inputs and home environment conditions associated with increasing exposure risk across a range of international communities. For all countries, enrichments compared to global crustal values were Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Cr > Ni; with the greatest health risk from Cr, followed by As > Pb > Mn > Cu > Ni > Zn. Three main indoor dust sources were identified, with a Pb–Zn–As factor related to legacy Pb sources, a Zn–Cu factor reflecting building materials, and a Mn factor indicative of natural soil sources. Increasing home age was associated with greater Pb and As concentrations (5.0 and 0.48 mg/kg per year of home age, respectively), as were peeling paint and garden access. Therefore, these factors form important considerations for the development of evidence-based management strategies to reduce potential risks posed by indoor house dust. Recent findings indicate neurocognitive effects from low concentrations of metal exposures; hence, an understanding of the home exposome is vital.

Published
2021
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4. Is halophyte species growing in the vicinity of the shrimp ponds a promising agri-aquaculture system for shrimp ponds remediation in New Caledonia?

Author

Marie Colette, Linda Guentas, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Nolwenn Callac, and Luc Della Patrona

Subjects
Nutrient recycling, Isotope ecology, Salt-Tolerant Plants, Aquaculture, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Pollution, Shrimp farming, New Caledonia, Halophytes, Crustacea, Animals, Aquaculture waste, Ponds
Abstract

Plant culture integration within aquaculture activities is a topic of recent interest with economic and environmental benefits. Shrimp farming activities generate nutrient-rich waste trapped in the sediments of farming ponds or release in the mangrove area. Thus, we investigate if the halophytes species naturally growing around the pond can use nitrogen and carbon from shrimp farming for remediation purposes. Halophyte biomasses and sediments influenced by shrimp farm effluents, were collected in two farms in New-Caledonia. All samples were analyzed for their C and N stable isotopic composition and N content. Higher δ15N values were found in plants influenced by shrimp farm water thus evidenced their abilities to take nutrient derived from shrimp farming. Deep root species Chenopodium murale, Atriplex jubata, Suaeda australis and Enchylaena tomentosa appears more efficient for shrimp pond remediation. This work demonstrates that halophytes cultivation in shrimp ponds with sediments, could be effective for the pond's remediation.

Published
2022

5. Occurrence of arsenic in ultramafic rocks’ alterites from nickel mines in New Caledonia: implications for the contamination of surface waters

Author

Kévin Schneider, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Isabelle Desriaux, Monika Le Mestre, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), and DESRIAUX, Isabelle

Subjects
[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Arsenate, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, chemistry, Tap water, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Ultramafic rock, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 0210 nano-technology, Surface water, Arsenic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Arsenite
Abstract

International audience; Arsenate As(V) and arsenite As(III) are toxic forms of arsenic in waters. The risk of As toxicity is high in small tropical islands because tap water is often provided from surface water, and As contamination of surface water is rarely studied. For instance, the risk is high in New Caledonia because 61% of the water comes from surface water, and nickel mines induce the dispersal of large quantities of ultramafic rocks's alterites rich in iron oxide-hydroxide, which are known to be associated with arsenite and arsenate. Levels exceeding the World Health Organization standard of 10 µg L −1 have been detected in rivers downstream of Ni mines, yet there is a lack of systematic assessment. Here, we analyzed total and exchangeable As in alterites collected near three active mines. Arsenate and arsenite adsorption capacity was studied using batch experiments. The results show that alterite contains total As contents ranging from 0.20 to 5.14 mg kg −1 , yet the primary mineralogical source of As remains unknown. No exchangeable arsenite was detected. Exchangeable arsenate amounted to 0.16 mg kg −1 , thus meaning that 10.3% of the total As is easily mobile. The maximum adsorption capacity of arsenate and arsenite in mining sediments was 1.05 mg kg −1. Overall, our findings reveal that ultramafic rock alterites are a source of arsenic in surface water in the form of suspended particulate matter, 10.3% of which being easily soluble.

Published
2020
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6. Electrochemical calcareous deposition in seawater. A review

Author

Alaric Zanibellato, Charlotte Carré, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Marc Jeannin, Arnaud Serres, René Sabot, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), and BUNC, Pole ID

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Cathodic protection, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Vaterite, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Aragonite, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Seawater, 0210 nano-technology, Calcareous
Abstract

Pollution and climate change issues are calling for advanced techniques of pollutant sequestration to decrease toxicity, of coral and costal remediation, and of carbon sequestration to decrease atmospheric CO2 levels. For that, calcareous deposition appears as an overlooked, but potentially efficient technique. The calcareous deposit is a well-known precipitation by-product of cathodic protection in seawater. The deposit is made of a mixture of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2. A calcareous deposit is formed electrochemically when a metal connected to an electrical power source is immersed in seawater. So far, electrochemical calcareous deposition has seldomly found applications, except for speedup of coral growth, prevention of shore erosion, reinforcement of artificial marine structures and remediation of polluted seawater. Here, we review the principles and mechanisms of electrochemical calcareous deposition. The growth, composition and mechanical properties of calcareous deposits are controlled by several factors such as 1) the impact of electrochemical parameters on the Ca/Mg ratio. For instance, CaCO3 formation is favoured at low cathodic potentials and low currents, whereas Mg(OH)2 precipitates preferentially at high cathodic potentials and high applied current; 2) the nature of the metallic electrode: although lime could be deposited onto any metallic surface at a fixed potential, electrochemical reactions and deposit composition are controlled by the metal nature. Moreover, the state of the electrode surface, e.g. with the presence of oxides or biofilms, modifies the kinetics of deposit formation; and 3) electrolyte composition, pH, temperature and stirring. For instance, in seawater, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations control the allotropic variety of CaCO3 formed, e.g. Mg2+ inhibits the formation of calcite and vaterite. Hydrodynamic conditions near the electrode also influence the deposit composition since conditions regulate the mass transport at the electrode–solution interface. Below 10 °C, aragonite is not formed and the deposit stays thin. In the first stage of the deposit formation, an Mg-based compound is formed, followed by the growth of a Ca-based compound with time.

Published
2020
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7. Mineral fibres and environmental monitoring: A comparison of different analytical strategies in New Caledonia

Author

Monika Le Mestre, Orietta Sala, Mario Tribaudino, Nicola Bursi Gandolfi, Emma Salvioli-Mariani, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Jasmine Rita Petriglieri, Ruggero Vigliaturo, Danilo Bersani, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], and BUNC, Pole ID

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Context (language use), Weathering, Asbestiform, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, New Caledonia, Ultramafic rock, Environmental monitoring, Portable Raman, Asbestos, Fibrous antigorite, In situ monitoring, Dispersion staining, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Amphibole, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Characterization (materials science), lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geology
Abstract

Covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface, the New Caledonia (South West Pacific) is one of the largest world producers of Ni-ore from lateritic deposits. Almost all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and amphibole, also as asbestos varieties. In this geological context, in which weathering processes had a great contribution in the production and dispersion of mineral fibres into the environment, the development of a routinely analytical strategy, able to discriminate an asbestiform fibre from a non-harmful particle, is a pivotal requisite. However, the acquisition of all these parameters is necessary for determining the risk associated to fibres exposition. A multidisciplinary routinely approach, based on the use of complementary simply-to-use but reliable analytical methods is the only possible strategy. In addition, the instrumental apparatus must be easily transportable on the field, directly on the mining site. The employment of specialized tools such as Polarized Light Microscopy associated to Dispersion Staining method (PLM/DS) and portable Raman spectroscopy for identification of environmental asbestos, are proved extremely effective in the improvement of the performance and rapidity of data acquisition and interpretation. Both PLM/DS and handheld Raman devices confirmed to be discriminant in the detection and characterization of asbestos fibres for both serpentine and amphibole. Furthermore, these techniques proved extremely effective even in the presence of strongly fibrous and altered samples. Keywords: Asbestos, Fibrous antigorite, In situ monitoring, Dispersion staining, Portable Raman, New Caledonia

Published
2020
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8. Potential contamination of stream waters by ultramafic mining sediments: Identification of geochemical makers (New Caledonia)

Author

Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher, Aurélie Boula, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Olivier Bour, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image & Pervasive Access Lab (IPAL), National University of Singapore (NUS)-MATHEMATIQUES, SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION (UJF)-Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institute for Infocomm Research - I²R [Singapore], CNRT (Centre National de Recherche Technologique) Nickel & Environment in New Caledonia, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National University of Singapore (NUS)-Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institute for Infocomm Research - I²R [Singapore], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Geochemistry, ultramafic complexes, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, surface waters, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, dissolved metal concentration, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Massif, total metal concentration, 6. Clean water, hydrogeochemical background, machine learning, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Economic Geology, Metalloid, Surface runoff, Sediment transport
Abstract

International audience; The ultramafic massifs of New Caledonia are mainly composed of regolites with lateritic soils rich in metals such as Co, Fe, Mg and Ni. The nickeliferous ore is exploited by opencast mines. After rainfalls, erosion and particle runoff cause the mobilization of metals and metalloids in surface waters. The objective of this study is (i) to determine the geochemical background of metals and metalloids in surface waters draining a mining ultramafic massif, (ii) to identify the geochemical markers influenced by the mining of nickeliferous ore (iii) and to define discriminant values of the mining impact. Hydrochemical monitoring was carried out on five streams draining the Koniambo massif over a 15-years period. Twenty-four elements were analyzed for their total concentration and 18 for their dissolved concentration (

Published
2022
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11. Laboratory and in-situ investigations for trapping Pb and Ni with an unusual electrochemical device, the calcareous deposit in seawater

Author

Thomas Quiniou, Charlotte Carré, René Sabot, Arnaud Serres, Marc Jeannin, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), and BUNC, Pole ID

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Environmental remediation, chemistry.chemical_element, Artificial seawater, lcsh:Medicine, Article, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, Precipitation (chemistry), lcsh:R, 6. Clean water, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Nickel, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hydroxide, Carbonate, Seawater, lcsh:Q, Calcareous, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In seawater, the application of a cathodic current in a metallic structure induces the formation of a calcareous deposit formed by co-precipitation of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 on the metal surface. A previous study proved that this electrochemical technique is convincing as a remediation tool for dissolved nickel in seawater and that it is trapped as nickel hydroxide in the deposit. Here, the precipitation of a carbonate form with lead is studied. Pb2+ precipitation in calcareous deposit was investigated with a galvanized steel electrode by doping artificial seawater with PbCl2. Results show for the first time the presence of Pb incorporated in its carbonate form in the calcareous deposit. Trapped Pb content increased with initial Pb content in seawater. Simultaneous doping with Ni and Pb revealed that Ni trapping was favoured by higher current densities while Pb trapping was favoured by lower current densities. Finally, preliminary in situ experiments were performed in an industrial bay and validated the incorporation in real conditions of contaminants by precipitation with the calcareous deposit The present work demonstrates that co-precipitation of contaminants under their hydroxide or carbonate form in a calcareous deposit is a promising clean-up device for remediation of contaminated seawater.

Published
2019
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12. Impact of nickel mining in New Caledonia on marbled eels Anguilla marmorata

Author

Ophélie Germande, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Yannick Dominique, Agnès Feurtet-Mazel, Emilie Bierque, Emilie Dassié, Guillemine Daffe, Fabien Pierron, Isabelle Baudrimont, Magalie Baudrimont, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Bioeko [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], Pluridisciplinarité au service de l’observation et de la recherche en environnement et astronomie (UMS POREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Pierron, Fabien

Subjects
Eels, [SDV.TOX.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Anguilla, Bioaccumulation, Pollution, Mining, Rivers, New Caledonia, Gene transcription, Nickel, Metals, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

International audience; New Caledonia is particularly affected by nickel open pit mining activities because of the presence of ultramafic soils rich in metal trace elements. The nickel particles dispersed by atmospheric transport and soil erosion during the excavation of nickel will end up by deposition or leaching in aquatic ecosystems where they may be bioaccumulated by living organisms in the rivers downstream the mines. Despite alarming freshwater metals concentrations, no study investigated the level of their bioaccumulation in eels living downstream mining sites, and if high bioaccumulation levels occur, the potential consequences on eel's health. The aim of this study was to determine how eels Anguilla marmorata are impacted in situ by metal concentrations issued from mining activity by measuring: morphometric parameters; metal concentrations in tissues and organs and transcription levels of target genes encoding proteins involved in several metabolic key functions. Among organs, liver was found to be the most affected by mining with average nickel concentrations of 5.14 mg/kg versus 1.63 mg/kg for eel liver away from mines leading to dysregulation of numerous genes involved in oxidative stress, DNA repair, apoptosis, reproduction and both lipid and mitochondrial metabolisms. This study should allow us to define in an integrated way if metals released by mining activities influence metals bioaccumulation in eels and induce biological effects.

Published
2022
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13. Temporal evolution of chromium leachability in compost, a case study in New-Caledonia

Author

Audrey Leopold, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Helene Kaplan, Frederic Feder, Perrine Klein, and Farid Juillot

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Compost, Extraction (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_element, Fraction (chemistry), engineering.material, Chromium, Wastewater, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, engineering, Organic matter, Trace metal
Abstract

Compost produced from municipal wastewater sludges and green wastes (MWSC) is a promising way for recycling wastewater sludges and for improving agricultural production. During the composting, organic matter is submitted to important changes leading to modifications on physico-chemical parameters. Little is known about the fate of chromium during composting process, while some changes in its speciation and leachability may be expected. This question is especially relevant In New-Caledonia, a French Archipelago, where the geochemical background highlights naturally high level of trace metal. Total chromium in soils can reach 30,000 mg kg-1 and MWSC can contain up to 1,200 mg kg-1, exceeding ten times the authorized contents in compost by the French regulation. In this work, we studied windrows MWSC composting at the initial (t=0) and final phases (t=6months) of composting. The total chromium content (Qtot) was measured, and the leachability of chromium in compost was assessed with kinetic extractions using EDTA 0.05 M over 24h. Extraction curves were modeled as the sum of two first-order reactions to distinguish two mobile fractions from the total pool: one “labile” fraction (Q1), quickly extractable, with a rate constant k1, and one “moderately labile” (Q2), less extractable with a rate constant k2. The remaining fraction is the EDTA non-extractable pool. MWSC contained 327±5.9 mg kgdry mass(DM)-1 and 426±8.1 mg kgDM 1 of chromium at t=0 and t=6months, respectively. For both maturity stages, the total mobilizable pool (Q1+Q2) represented less than 3% of Qtot. After 6 months of composting process, Qtot increased by 1.3-fold due to loss of water and of volatile compounds. Nevertheless, the mobilizable pools varied differently. The Q1 pool strongly increased with the composting process, being multiplied by 2.55 whereas the Q2 pool decreased, i.e. it was divided by 1.33. These results indicated that the composting process increases the most labile fraction of chromium. The total mobilizable fraction of chromium represents a relative low fraction of Qtot. However, long term risks related to repeated compost application in agriculture must be considered as chromium could be potentially transferred to groundwater or cultivated plants, affecting agriculture production and human health

Published
2021

14. Assurpluhyt (volet 1) : aspects sanitaires des eaux de surface : une approche pluridisciplinaire de la contamination hydrique par la leptospirose sur un site pilote à Touho

Author

Bierque, E., Caroline Tramier, Pierre Genthon, Girault, D., Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Farid Juillot, Laporte-Magoni Christine, Monika Le Mestre, E Soupé-Gilbert, M., Thibeaux, R., Goarant, C., Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F. Cayrol (ed.), C. Tatin (collab.), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, NOUVELLE CALEDONIE, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, SANTE PUBLIQUE, PROJET DE RECHERCHE
Abstract

Workshop "Au fil de l'eau", Nouméa, NCL, 17-/09/2019 - 18/09/2019

Published
2020

15. Nickel spreading assessment in New Caledonia by lichen biomonitoring coupled to air masses history

Author

Mariam Zaiter, E. D. Rivière, Jérémie Burgalat, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Estelle Roth, Abdelkhaleq Chakir, Camille Pasquet, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), and Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)

Subjects
Lichens, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Combustion, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, New Caledonia, Nickel, Air Pollution, TRACER, Biomonitoring, Environmental Chemistry, education, Air mass, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, education.field_of_study, General Medicine, Wind direction, Atmospheric dispersion modeling, Pollution, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Biological Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Lichen biomonitoring and air mass trajectories were used to study the influence of mining activities in the atmospheric dispersion of metallic elements to assess the exposure of the population to dust emitted by mining activities. A map of forward trajectory densities from open mine surfaces throughout New Caledonia was computed and allowed to identify three preferred wind directions (trade wind, bent trade winds and oceanic winds) that could arise in mining particles dispersion all over New Caledonia. Areas where an air quality monitoring would be advisable to evaluate the exposure of the population to the Nickel dusts have been identified. Lichens collected around the industrial mining site KNS and in North Provence of New Caledonia were analysed for their Ni, Co, Cr, Zn and Ti contents. Backward trajectories were simulated from the lichen sampling point using FLEXTRA fed with ECMWF meteorological data, and densities of trajectories having overflown a mine were calculated. Ratio metal/Ti was then plotted as a function of air mass trajectory densities having overflown open pits. A positive correlation between trajectory densities and titanium-normalized metal in lichen for Ni, Co, Cr was highlighted, indicating that mining is a source of dispersion of these metals. For Zn, which is a tracer of fossil fuel or biomass (wood) combustion activity, no correlation was found. Graphical abstract.

Published
2020
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16. Tremor (volet 1) : transfert des éléments traces métalliques par la matière organique dissoute colorée

Author

Cecile DUPOUY, Farid Juillot, Lemonnier, H., Mounier, S., Boher, L., Marie Bessard, Léocadie Jamet, Philippe Gérard, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable en Nouvelle Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Consortium de Coopération pour la Recherche, l’Enseignement Supérieur et l’Innovation en Nouvelle-Calédonie (CRESICA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Instrumentation, Moyens analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie (IMAGO), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), F. Cayrol (ed.), C. Tatin (collab.), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Françoise Cayrol, Claire Tatin, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable de Nouvelle Calédonie (LEADNC), Cayrol, F. (ed.), and Tatin, C. (collab.)

Subjects
NOUVELLE CALEDONIE PROVINCE NORD, ELEMENT EN TRACE, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, NICKEL, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, COBALT, CHROME, MATIERE ORGANIQUE DISSOUTE, SEDIMENT, PROJET DE RECHERCHE, MANGANESE
Abstract

La particularité des sols côtiers de Nouvelle-Calédonie est d’être essentiellement formés de latérites, exploitées depuis des décennies pour leurs teneurs en éléments traces métalliques (ETM) tels que le nickel, le chrome, le cobalt ou le manganèse. De par sa forte productivité en matière organique, la mangrove constitue un réservoir important de matière organique dissoute (MOD) qui peut être transportée vers l’Océan sur de grandes distances. Les observations menées soulèvent la question du rôle puit/source que joue la mangrove vis-à-vis de la dynamique des ETM à l’interface Terre-Mer à l’aval des massifs miniers de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le projet TREMOR a ainsi, pour objectif d’apporter des éléments de réponses à cette question en s’appuyant sur les propriétés de fluorescence d’une fraction de la MOD, appelée Matière Organique Dissoute Fluorescente ou MODF, pour mieux comprendre l’origine, les sources et les puits de la MODF identifiée dans les rivières et dans le lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie et évaluer l’influence de cette MODF sur la dissémination et la toxicité des ETM au sein du littoral à l’aval des sites miniers de Nouvelle-Calédonie.

Published
2020

18. FATE OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST FROM MINING ACTIVITIES IN NEW CALEDONIA AND THE IMPACT ON THE NICKEL CONTENT OF LICHEN

Author

Camille Pasquet, Abdel Chakir, Mariam Zaiter, Estelle Roth, Jérémie Burgalat, Nadia Ngassa, Yaya Dembele, E. D. Rivière, Ronan Pigeau, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, and Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric dust, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Particulates, 01 natural sciences, Nickel, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Lichen, Nickel content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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19. Mobility of Ni, Co, and Mn in ultramafic mining soils of New Caledonia, assessed by kinetic EDTA extractions

Author

Carmela Chateau, Rémi Losno, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Camille Pasquet, Folkert van Oort, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Fabrice Monna, Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Manganese, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Mining, Soil, New Caledonia, Ultramafic rock, Nickel, Metals, Heavy, Soil Pollutants, Edetic Acid, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Chemistry, Metal, Extraction (chemistry), General Medicine, Cobalt, 15. Life on land, Environmental risk, Nickel mining, Kinetics, Metals, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Erosion, Surface runoff, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the mobilization capability of Ni, Co, and Mn contained in New Caledonian ultramafic soils. Two series of soils were sampled: bare-surface mining soils in a Ni-mining context (n = 10), and forest soils, either in the vicinity of mine-working areas (n = 3) or far away from any known mining activity (n = 2). We focused on the

Published
2018
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20. Amiante et bonnes pratiques. Rapport scientifique final

Author

Laporte-Magoni Christine, Mario Tribaudino, Michaël Meyer, Bice Fubini, Maura Tomatis, Farid Juillot, Jasmine Rita Petriglieri, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Dipartimento di Chimica and ‘G. Scansetti’ Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), CNRT Nickel et son environnement, Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), and Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO)

Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Altération chimique, Analyse minéralogique, Italie, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Chrysotile, Amiante environnemental, Trémolite, Risque sanitaire, Toxicologie, Nouvelle -Calédonie, Antigorite, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

Le programme « ABP, Amiante et bonnes pratiques », a proposé une étude intégrée et pluridisciplinaire depuis l’identification jusqu’au caractère pathogène des fibres issues des minéraux amiantifères présents en secteur minier néo-calédonien.- Au travers d’un échantillonnage d’un panel représentatif des asbestes présents (famille des serpentinites et des amphiboles), les minéralogies, les propriétés physico-chimiques et toxicologiques de ces minéraux amiantifères ont été caractérisées.- À noter que le programme ABP a apporté les premières données toxicologiques sur les fibres d’amiante néo-calédoniennes. Un intérêt particulier est porté sur l’antigorite, minéral fibreux très présent sur le territoire calédonien, notamment en secteur minier, mais non répertorié comme amiante dans la législation hors territoire.

Published
2018

21. Life Cycle Analysis for the treatment of organic matter from municipal solid waste : a case study of France

Author

Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Lina Pinto Diaz, Estelle Roth, BUNC, Pole ID, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], chemistry.chemical_classification, Municipal solid waste, Waste management, 020209 energy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, 6. Clean water, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental science, Organic matter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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22. Monitoring environmental risk in fibrous minerals in New Caledonia: a comparison between different analytical methods

Author

Jasmine Petriglieri, Laporte-Magoni Christine, Emma Salvioli-Mariani, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Mario Tribaudino, Luciana Mantovani, Danilo Bersani, Pier Lottici, Maura Tomatis, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, and University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie]

Subjects
Asbestos, Raman spectroscopy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

23. Calcareous electrochemical precipitation, a new method to trap nickel in seawater

Author

Arnaud Serres, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, René Sabot, Thomas Quiniou, Marc Jeannin, Charlotte Carré, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), and BUNC, Pole ID

Subjects
Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, Artificial seawater, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Metal, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, Nickel, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Seawater, Inductively coupled plasma, 0210 nano-technology, Calcareous
Abstract

There are few efficient, rapid and cheap methods to remove toxic metals from contaminated waters. Here we hypothesised that cathodic protection, an existing method used to control the corrosion of metallic structures, may trap toxic metals. Indeed, in seawater, the application of a cathodic current on a metallic structure induces the precipitation of limestone (CaCO3) and magnesium dihydroxyde (Mg(OH)2), thus forming a calcareous deposit on the metal surface. We therefore presumed that such calcareous deposit may trap metals dissolved in waters. Actually calcareous deposit formation has never been studied in the presence of dissolved metallic contaminants such as nickel. Here we tested ionic nickel (Ni2+) precipitation in calcareous deposit with a galvanized steel electrode by spiking artificial seawater with a NiCl2 salt during 7 days of applied current. We analysed deposit surface and cross section by µ-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray microanalysis. Ni concentration in the deposit was quantified by inductively coupled plasma analysis, after deposit dissolution in 60% HNO3. Results show that in 7 days up to 24% of nickel can be trapped in the calcareous deposit. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that Ni is trapped under a pure CaCO3 layer of aragonite. Raman spectra show that nickel is incorporated as nickel dihydroxyde (Ni(OH)2), as evidence by vibration bands at 446 and 510 cm−1. Overall our findings disclose a new and efficient method, calcareous electrochemical precipitation, which has potential applications to remove toxic metals from contaminated waters.

Published
2017
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24. Alternative dry separation of PM

Author

Camille, Pasquet, Peggy, Gunkel-Grillon, Christine, Laporte-Magoni, Arnaud, Serres, Thomas, Quiniou, François, Rocca, Fabrice, Monna, Remi, Losno, Folkert, van Oort, and Carmela, Chateau

Subjects
Kinetics, Manganese, New Caledonia, Nickel, Soil Pollutants, Particulate Matter, Cobalt, Mining, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

A simple new device for dry separation of fine particulate matter from bulk soil samples is presented here. It consists of a stainless steel tube along which a nitrogen flow is imposed, resulting in the displacement of particles. Taking into account particle transport, fluid mechanics, and soil sample composition, a tube 6-m long, with a 0.04-m diameter, was found best adapted for PM

Published
2016

25. Impact of nickel mining in New Caledonia assessed by compositional data analysis of lichens

Author

Rémi Losno, Christophe Durlet, Benjamin Brigaud, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Fabrice Monna, Pauline Le Monier, Camille Pasquet, Carmela Chateau, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l’Environnement Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement (Université de Bourgogne) (UFR SVTE), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Work funded by the CNRT (French National Center for Technological Research) (www.cnrt.nc) 'Nickel and its environment', Noumea, New Caledonia (5PS2013-CNRT.UNIV.BORDEAUX/DMML15042015), and by The French Ministry of Research., Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement ( PPME - EA 3325 ), Université de Nouvelle Calédonie, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris ( IPGP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement (Université de Bourgogne) ( UFR SVTE ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME - EA 3325), Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS )

Subjects
Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Ultramafic rock, Earth science, media_common.quotation_subject, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, [ SHS.ENVIR ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ecosystem, Trace metal, Lichen, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Research, Géochimie, Biomonotor, Contamination, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Principal component analysis, Environmental science, Compositional data, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

14 pages; International audience; The aim of this study is to explore the use of lichens as biomonitors of the impact of nickel mining and ore treatment on the atmosphere in the New Caledonian archipelago (South Pacific Ocean); both activities emitting also Co, Cr and possibly Fe. Metal contents were analysed in thirty-four epiphytic lichens, collected in the vicinity of the potential sources, and in places free from known historical mining. The highest Ni, Co, and Cr concentrations were, as expected, observed in lichens collected near ore deposits or treatment areas. The elemental composition in the lichens was explored by multivariate analysis, after appropriately transforming the variables (i.e. using compositional data analysis). The sample score of the first principal component (PC1) makes the largest (positive) multiplicative contribution to the log-ratios of metals originating from mining activities (Ni, Cr, Co) divided by Ti. The PC1 scores are used here as a surrogate of pollution levels related to mining and metallurgical activity. They can be viewed as synthetic indicators mapped to provide valuable information for the management and protection of ecosystems or, as a first step, to select locations where air filtration units could be installed, in the future, for air quality monitoring. However, as this approach drastically simplifies the problem, supplying a broadly efficient picture but little detail, recognizing the different sources of contamination may be difficult, more particularly when their chemical differences are subtle. It conveys only relative information: about ratios, not levels, and is therefore recommended as a preliminary step, in combination with close examination of raw concentration levels of lichens. Further validation using conventional air-monitoring by filter units should also prove beneficial.

Published
2016
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26. LIBS analysis of soils from New Caledonia to evaluate the environmental impact of the extraction of nickel ore

Author

Julian Guezenoc, CAMILLE PASQUET, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Léna Bassel, Bruno Bousquet, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie (UNC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

27. Alternative dry separation of PM10 from soils for characterization by kinetic extraction: example of new Caledonian mining soils

Author

François Rocca, Thomas Quiniou, Folkert van Oort, Rémi Losno, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Arnaud Serres, Carmela Chateau, Camille Pasquet, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Fabrice Monna, Université de Nouvelle Calédonie, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7154 Université Paris Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, UFR SVTE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie (UNC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé, Institut des Sciences Analytiques ( ISA ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement (Université de Bourgogne) ( UFR SVTE ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB )

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Kinetic extraction, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bulk soil, 010501 environmental sciences, [ SHS.ENVIR ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Metal, PM10, Trace metals, law, 11. Sustainability, Environmental Chemistry, Filtration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physical modeling, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), EDTA, Fluid mechanics, Dust, Ultramafic soil, General Medicine, Particulates, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Dry separation, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 13. Climate action, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Displacement (fluid)
Abstract

International audience; A simple new device for dry separation of fine particulate matter from bulk soil samples is presented here. It consists of a stainless steel tube along which a nitrogen flow is imposed, resulting in the displacement of particles. Taking into account particle transport, fluid mechanics, and soil sample composition, a tube 6-m long, with a 0.04-m diameter, was found best adapted for PM10 separation. The device rapidly produced several milligrams of particulate matter, on which chemical extractions with EDTA were subsequently performed to study the kinetic parameters of extractable metals. New Caledonian mining soils were chosen here, as a case-study. Although the easily extracted metal pool represents only 0.5-6.4 % of the total metal content for the elements studied (Ni, Co, Mn), the total concentrations are extremely high. This pool is therefore far from negligible, and can be troublesome in the environment. This dry technique for fine particle separation from bulk parent soil eliminates the metal-leaching risks inherent in wet filtration and should therefore ensure safe assessment of environmental quality in fine-textured, metal-contaminated soils.

Published
2016
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28. Effects of long term raw pig slurry inputs on nutrient and metal contamination of tropical volcanogenic soils, Uvéa Island (South Pacific)

Author

Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, M. Le Mestre, Estelle Roth, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and BUNC, Pole ID

Subjects
Swine, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Nutrient, Contamination Factor, Soil Pollutants, Drainage, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Agriculture, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Contamination, Pollution, Heavy metals, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Engineering, Nitrogen, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Metals, Heavy, Temperate climate, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, metal mobility, Environmental engineering, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, Leaching risk, Family pig breeding, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Manure, Tropical soils, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Slurry, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pig slurry
Abstract

International audience; In small Polynesian islands, family pig breeding is usually conducted without recovery of pig slurry. Raw pig slur-ry is spread onto the soil without any treatment. So far, most of the studies were carried out in temperate climate and for industrial digested pig slurry applications on agricultural lands. In the present case study, conducted in Uvéa Island, the aim is to determine if long term application of raw pig slurry on tropical soils, naturally rich in heavy metals has a significant influence on elements concentrations and mobility. Two types of tropical soils and two pig breeding systems, pig enclosure on small concrete pens or pig enclosure in large land pens, were investigated. Here we demonstrate that raw pig slurry inputs on soils can lead to an increase of total nitrogen and phosphorus content with high Contamination Factors. The Pollution Load Index values (1.3; 5.3; 2.5; 2.3) were indicative of multi-heavy metals pollution (Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni) in mixed calcareous soils of the coastal area and they are exchangeable while they are immobilized or less mobile in inland pure ferralitic soils. For mixed calcareous soils of the coastal area, family pig breeding represents a drainage risk of soluble species (phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni). For inland ferralitic soils, family pig breeding is more compatible with a sustainable management of the environment in Uvéa Island and by extension in volcanic tropical islands with respect to the investigated chemical elements.

Published
2015
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29. Lichen used to assess nickel atmospheric dispersion, an example of New Caledonia Asbestos and best practices View project Atmospheric signature in marine sediments View project Camille Pasquet Lichen used to assess nickel atmospheric dispersion, an example of New Caledonia

Author

Camille Pasquet, Pauline Le Monier, Fabrice Monna, Christophe Durlet, Benjamin Brigaud, Rémi Losno, Laporte-Magoni Christine, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Laporte-Magoni, christine, Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), and Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, nickel, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, synthetic indicator, lichen, bioindication, compositional data
Abstract

International audience; Fifteen epiphytic lichens, collected near an active nickel mine and along an East-West transect across New Caledonia island (South-West Pacific), were analyzed for their metal contents. The purpose is to evaluate atmospheric metal contamination and the impact of mining exploitation on the surroundings. The structure of the compositional dataset was explored using a covariance biplot. The score of the first principal component was used as a generic indicator to locally evaluate the degree of contamination. This study demonstrates that Ni, Co and Cr are highly concentrated in lichens near mining exploitation.

Published
2015

30. ECOMINE BIOTOP

Author

Hamid Amir, Huillier, Laurent L., Bruno Fogliani, Yvon Cavaloc, Simon Gensous, Philippe Jourand, Marc Ducousso, clarisse Majorel, Laure Hannibal, Danielle Saintpierre, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Pascal Pagand, Guillaume Echevarria, Liane-Clarisse Mouchon, Marie-Laure Bonis, Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier, Laurent Maggia, Wulff, Adrien S., Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SIRAS Pacifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRT 'Nickel et son environnement', and Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie (UNC)

Subjects
Mycorhizes, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Diversité genétique, Métaux, Nickel, Matière organique, Maquis miniers, Espèces végétales, Nouvelle-Calédonie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Topsoil, Graines
Abstract

Le projet ECOMINE BIOTOP est centré sur le fonctionnement des topsoils et leur gestion lors de l’exploitation minière. Il propose à la fois des petit Poum - Verse Fredoexpérimentations sur le terrain, des travaux de recherche in situ et des expérimentations en serre et en laboratoire sur les topsoils, la caractérisation et le suivi de la banque de graines, l’activité microbienne, le potentiel mycorhizogène et son amélioration par inoculation. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’améliorer la gestion et l’utilisation des topsoils miniers néocalédoniens. Une étude sur la maîtrise de la diversité génétique des espèces végétales complète le projet. Ce programme aboutira à des recommandations pratiques sur les méthodes de gestion du topsoil, de mycorhizogène des plantes, de l’activité microbienne et de gestion de l’activité microbienne et de la dynamique des métaux en relation avec l’activité microbienne pour la restauration écologique après exploitation minière. Ce programme aboutit à des recommandations pratiques sur l’utilisation et la gestion du topsoil dans une optique de restauration écologique.

Published
2015

31. Caractérisation et fonctionnement du système sol/plante/microorganismes dans les maquis miniers. Perspectives d'application à la restauration écologique : rapport final

Author

Hamid Amir, Huillier, Laurent L., Bruno Fogliani, Yvon Cavaloc, Simon Gensous, Philippe Jourand, Marc Ducousso, clarisse Majorel, Laure Hannibal, Danielle Saintpierre, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Pascal Pagand, Guillaume Echevarria, Liane-Clarisse Mouchon, Marie-Laure Bonis, Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier, Laurent Maggia, Wulff, Adrien S., Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie (UNC), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SIRAS Pacifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL), and CNRT 'Nickel et son environnement'

Subjects
[SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, mycorhize, topsoil, métaux, diversité génétique, matière organique, Nouvelle-Calédonie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, graine, maquis minier
Published
2014

32. Toxic chromium release from nickel mining sediments in surface waters, New Caledonia

Author

Nicolas Bazire, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Monika Lemestre, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), and Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA)

Subjects
Chromium, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ni mines, Chromium release, Ophiolitic substrate, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mining sediments, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Desorption, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromate conversion coating, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Surface water, 6. Clean water, Nickel, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Leaching (metallurgy), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract

International audience; Mining sediments are excavated from nickel ore exploitation in New Caledonia. In those sediments, chromium (Cr) occurs as Cr(III), but Cr(III) can be oxidized to the toxic Cr(VI) under oxic conditions, for instance in overlying water. Here, we aimed to determine whether mining sediments could release available Cr(VI) in surface waters. Water samples were collected in a mine and in the village downstream, and then were analysed for Cr. Batch leaching experiments were performed on mining sediments in order to determine their exchangeable and their water-soluble Cr content as a function of pH. Results show that mine waters contain high concentrations of total dissolved Cr, of up to 0.73 mg/L. Moreover, Cr(VI) concentration in village waters increases with the rainfall rate upto 0.34 mg/L. Cr is released from sediments solely as Cr(VI). Desorption of chromate complexes is the main process involved in Cr release. We conclude that drainage of sediments mobilized by opencast Ni mines is a source of toxic Cr(VI) for surface waters.

Published
2014
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33. Impact of raw pig slurry and pig farming practices on physicochemical parameters and on atmospheric N2O and CH 4 emissions of tropical soils, Uvéa Island (South Pacific)

Author

Nicolas Dumelié, Estelle Roth, Irène Mappe-Fogaing, Lilian Joly, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, T. Decarpenterie, Georges Durry, X. Thomas, Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Instrumentation Electronique de Nancy (LIEN), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Société GéoHyd, Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME), and Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)

Subjects
Nitrogen, Swine, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Sus scrofa, Nitrous Oxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Nitrate, Tropical climate, Environmental Chemistry, Pig farming, Animals, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nitrites, 2. Zero hunger, Total organic carbon, Islands, Air Pollutants, Tropical Climate, Nitrates, Moisture, Agriculture, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Nitrification, Manure, chemistry, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Calcareous, Methane
Abstract

Emissions of CH4 and N2O related to private pig farming under a tropical climate in Uvéa Island were studied in this paper. Physicochemical soil parameters such as nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total organic carbon, pH and moisture were measured. Gaseous soil emissions as well as physicochemical parameters were compared in two private pig farming strategies encountered on this island on two different soils (calcareous and ferralitic) in order to determine the best pig farming management: in small concrete pens or in large land pens. Ammonium levels were higher in control areas while nitrate and nitrite levels were higher in soils with pig slurry inputs, indicating that nitrification was the predominant process related to N2O emissions. Nitrate contents in soils near concrete pens were important (≥ 55 μg N/g) and can thus be a threat for the groundwater. For both pig farming strategies, N2O and CH4 fluxes can reach high levels up to 1 mg N/m(2)/h and 1 mg C/m(2)/h, respectively. CH4 emissions near concrete pens were very high (≥ 10.4 mg C/m(2)/h). Former land pens converted into agricultural land recover low N2O emission rates (≤ 0.03 mg N/m(2)/h), and methane uptake dominates. N2O emissions were related to nitrate content whereas CH4 emissions were found to be moisture dependent. As a result relating to the physicochemical parameters as well as to the gaseous emissions, we demonstrate that pig farming in large land pens is the best strategy for sustainable family pig breeding in Uvéa Islands and therefore in similar small tropical islands.

Published
2013
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34. Influence of inorganic complexes on the transport of trace metals through permeation liquid membrane

Author

Isabelle A.M. Worms, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Jacques Buffle, Michel Martin, Stéphane Bayen, Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), and BUNC, Pole ID

Subjects
Passive transport, Inorganic chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Chloride, Analytical Chemistry, Metal, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], chemistry.chemical_compound, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Sulfate, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, fungi, 010401 analytical chemistry, Biological membrane, Permeation, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Carbonate, medicine.drug
Abstract

Under specific conditions (pH, concentrations), trace metals may form, with environmental inorganic ligands, neutral complexes which, in principle, might diffuse passively through biological membranes or influence the response of (bio)analytical sensors for trace metals based on permeation liquid membrane (PLM). In this study, metal (Cu, Cd, Pb) transport through the planar PLM device was evaluated in the presence of major environmental inorganic ligands such as sulfate, carbonate and chloride under conditions where neutral complexes may be formed (up to 73% of neutral metal complex in the solution). In the presence of sulfate, comparison of predicted and experimental PLM fluxes of Cu, Pb and Cd, suggests that passive transport of neutral sulfate-metal complexes does not occur. This was confirmed by comparing fluxes in the presence and absence of carrier. In the presence of carbonate (for Cd, Cu and Pb) and chloride (for Pb and Cd), however, experimental PLM fluxes were greater than predicted (up to 4 and 25 times in the presence of carbonate and chloride, respectively), but experiments in the absence of carrier in the membrane revealed that no passive transport of neutral complexes (MCl(2) or MCO(3)) occurs through PLM. A possible mechanism is discussed. In parallel to the experiments with PLM, the influence of carbonate on the internalization fluxes of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by the freshwater algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was assessed. Similarly to the results of PLM, the fluxes of these two metals were larger than expected (based on the free metal ion activity model). Thus, even though PLM and bioaccumulation mechanisms are certainly different, similar unexpected behaviours occur for the metal transport through the PLM and biological membrane of C. reinhardtii, in the presence of carbonate.

Published
2009

35. Speciation of Cu(II) with a Flow-through Permeation Liquid Membrane: discrimination between free copper, labile and inert Cu(II) complexes under natural water conditions

Author

Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Jacques Buffle, BUNC, Pole ID, Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME), and Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)

Subjects
Inorganic chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Malonic acid, Chemical Fractionation, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Permeability, Analytical Chemistry, Metal, Diffusion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromatography, 010401 analytical chemistry, Nitrilotriacetic acid, Membranes, Artificial, Permeation, Copper, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, chemistry, Models, Chemical, Stability constants of complexes, visual_art, Tartaric acid, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Metal toxicity is not related to the total metal ion concentration, but to those of some specific Cu(II) species. The Permeation Liquid Membrane technique is based on the carrier-mediated transport of the test metal across a hydrophobic membrane and enables discrimination between various trace metal species in solution. The present work shows how the labile and inert Cu(II) complexes can be determined selectively, by varying the flow-rate of the test solution, in a flow-through cell. A mathematical model of metal flux through the PLM, based on diffusion-limited transport under steady-state conditions, is described. The model and the performance of the technique were studied in well-defined synthetic solutions containing simple organic hydrophilic ligands forming either inert (nitrilotriacetic acid), or labile complexes with Cu(II) (tartaric acid, malonic acid). The results were compared with theoretical predictions of thermodynamic species distribution in solution. Uncertainties on stability constants for copper speciation calculation were taken into account. The detection limits of the device are discussed. This work demonstrates that the flow-through cell is a reliable tool for copper speciation measurements in natural waters.

Published
2008

36. Artificial coral reefs, electrochemistry and calcium carbonate: electrodeposited coral-like aragonite

Author

Sabot Rene, Cosmelina Gonçalves da Silva, Carre Charlotte, O. Gil, Brahim Benaissa, Nguyen Dang Dan, Magali Morales, Marc Jeannin, Alaric Zanibellato, Peggy Gunkel Grillon, Gascoin Stephanie, René Sabot, Benoit Riffault, Nicolas Verjat, Arnaud Serres, Gunkel Grillon Peggy, Charlotte Carré, Dang Dan Nguyen, Stéphanie Gascoin, Richard Retoux, Daniel Chateigner, and Goncalves Da Silva Cosmelina

Subjects
Coral like, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Aragonite, Coral reef, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrochemistry, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceanography, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, Structural Biology, engineering, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Geology
Published
2015
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37. Erratum to 'Influence of inorganic complexes on the transport of trace metals through permeation liquid membrane' [Anal. Chim. Acta 646 (2011) 104–110]

Author

Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Michel Martin, Jacques Buffle, Isabelle A.M. Worms, and Stéphane Bayen

Subjects
Trace (semiology), Membrane, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Permeation, Biochemistry, Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.040. ∗ Corresponding author at: Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, CABE, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211, Geneva , Switzerland. Tel.: +33 4 50 31 83 35; fax: +33 4 50 31 83 35. E-mail address: bayen@cebios.fr (S. Bayen). 1 Present address: PPME, Universite deNouvelle-Caledonie, BP R4, 98851 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia.

Published
2012
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38. Speciation of Cu(ii) with a flow-through permeation liquid membrane: discrimination between free copper, labile and inert Cu(ii) complexes, under natural water conditions.

Author

Peggy Gunkel-Grillon and Jacques Buffle

Subjects
MATHEMATICAL models, SOLUTION (Chemistry), TRACE metals, ACETIC acid
Abstract

Metal toxicity is not related to the total metal ion concentration, but to those of some specific Cu(ii) species. The Permeation Liquid Membrane technique is based on the carrier-mediated transport of the test metal across a hydrophobic membrane and enables discrimination between various trace metal species in solution. The present work shows how the labile and inert Cu(ii) complexes can be determined selectively, by varying the flow-rate of the test solution, in a flow-through cell. A mathematical model of metal flux through the PLM, based on diffusion-limited transport under steady-state conditions, is described. The model and the performance of the technique were studied in well-defined synthetic solutions containing simple organic hydrophilic ligands forming either inert (nitrilotriacetic acid), or labile complexes with Cu(ii) (tartaric acid, malonic acid). The results were compared with theoretical predictions of thermodynamic species distribution in solution. Uncertainties on stability constants for copper speciation calculation were taken into account. The detection limits of the device are discussed. This work demonstrates that the flow-through cell is a reliable tool for copper speciation measurements in natural waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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39. Dynamique des métaux de la mine au lagon dans l'hydrosphère. Rapport scientifique final

Author

Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Tom Biscéré, Aurélie Boula, Cécile Dupouy, Jean-Michel Fernandez, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Fanny Houlbrèque, Maya Ikogou, Farid Juillot, Laporte-Magoni Christine, Pauline Merrot, Cyrille Métayer, Mickaël Meyer, Benjamin Moreton, Guillaume Morin, Georges Ona-Nguéma, Olivier Radakovitch, Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher, Éric Viollier, Guillaume Wattelez, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), AEL/LEA, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CNRT Nickel et son environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Dynamique des métaux, Lagon, Métaux, Bassin versant, Continuum, Rivière, Nouvelle-Calédonie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Activité minière
Abstract

Ce rapport du programme Dynamine « Dynamique des métaux de la mine au lagon » constitue le volume 2 (sur 4) du programme intégré « Dispersion et exposition humaine aux métaux en Nouvelle-Calédonie » composé de 3 projets (DMML, Dynamine, Métexpo) étudiant les métaux et leur toxicité sur des sites pilotes similaires.- Le programme Dynamine a proposé de quantifier et qualifier les flux des métaux potentiellement toxiques (Ni, Cr, Co et Mn) dans l’hydrosphère, le long du continuum massif minier– rivière–écosystèmes littoraux, pour mieux évaluer la contribution relative des phénomènes naturels et anthropiques (activité minière) sur les flux et les cycles biogéochimiques de ces éléments à l’interface terre-mer en Nouvelle-Calédonie.

40. Dispersion et exposition humaine aux métaux en Nouvelle-Calédonie : synthèse des résultats

Author

Magalie Baudrimont, Yannick Dominique, Agnès Feurtet-Mazel, Patrice Gonzalez, Pierre-Yves Gourvès, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Laporte-Magoni Christine, Estelle Lefrançois, Yves Letourneur, Julien Marquié, Régine Maury-Brachet, Fabrice Monna, Camille Pasquet, Emmanuel Rivière, Estelle Roth, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Tom Biscéré, Aurélie Boula, Cécile Dupouy, Jean-Michel Fernandez, Fanny Houlbrèque, Maya Ikogou, Farid Juillot, Pauline Merrot, Cyrille Métayer, Mickaël Meyer, Benjamin Moreton, Guillaume Morin, Georges Ona-Nguéma, Olivier Radakovitch, Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher, Éric Viollier, Guillaume Wattelez, Sylvaine Cordier, Yann Barguil, Audray St-Jean, Stéphane Mengant, Barbara Le Bot, Pierre Ayotte, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioeko [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Asconit Consultants, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sorbonne Université (SU), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), AEL/LEA, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier territorial Gaston-Bourret [Nouméa], Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), CNRT Nickel et son environnement, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and LAURENCE, BARILLER

Subjects
Manganèse, Eléments traces métalliques, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Dynamique des métaux, Lagon, Rivière, Cobalt, Nouvelle-Calédonie, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Contamination métallique, Métaux, Nickel, Bassin versant, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Chrome, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Activité minière
Abstract

Cette synthèse constitue le volume 4 (sur 4) du programme intégré « Dispersion et exposition humaine aux métaux en Nouvelle-Calédonie » composé de 3 programmes complémentaires étudiant les métaux et leur toxicité : DMML « Dispersion des métaux de la mine au lagon », Dynamine « Dynamique des métaux de la mine au lagon », Métexpo « Niveaux d’imprégnation et déterminants de l’exposition humaine aux métaux ».- Elle regroupe les synthèses de chacun des trois programmes et propose une conclusion commune ouvrant sur les perspectives en termes de recherche.

41. Dispersion des métaux de la mine au lagon : rôle du compartiment atmosphérique et dispersion au sein du compartiment biotique dulçaquicole et estuarien. Rapport scientifique final

Author

Magalie Baudrimont, Yannick Dominique, Agnès Feurtet-Mazel, Patrice Gonzalez, Pierre-Yves Gourvès, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Laporte-Magoni Christine, Estelle Lefrançois, Yves Letourneur, Julien Marquié, Régine Maury-Brachet, Fabrice Monna, Camille Pasquet, Emmanuel Rivière, Estelle Roth, Julie Bellec, Emmeline Boulai, Jérémie Burgalat, Yaya Dembele, Margaret Ngassa, Anne-Sophie Oswald, Kévin Schneider, Mariam Zaiter, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioeko [Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie], UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Asconit Consultants, Eco-in'Eau, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CNRT Nickel et son environnement

Subjects
Eléments traces métalliques, Contamination métallique, Bioindication lichénique, Particules PM10, Hydrosystème tropical, Nouvelle-Calédonie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Modélisation atmosphérique, Bioaccumulation, Activité minière, Maillon trophique aquatique
Abstract

Ce rapport du programme DMML « Dispersion des métaux de la mine au lagon » constitue le volume 1 (sur 4) du programme intégré « Dispersion et exposition humaine aux métaux en Nouvelle-Calédonie » composé de 3 projets (DMML, Dynamine, Métexpo) étudiant les métaux et leur toxicité sur des sites pilotes similaires.- Le programme DMML a proposé de caractériser le potentiel de dispersion des éléments métalliques traces (ETM) Ni, Cr, Co et Mn au sein des compartiments abiotiques (atmosphère et pédosphère) et d’évaluer la contamination métallique dans le compartiment biotique de l’hydrosphère ainsi que de déterminer les mécanismes de transferts trophiques. - La caractérisation des flux d’ETM au sein de l’hydrosphère est réalisée dans le programme « Dynamine ».

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