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Spin waves are proposed as information carriers for next-generation computing devices because of their low power consumption. Moreover, their wave-like nature allows for novel computing paradigms. Conventional methods to detect propagating spin waves are based either on electrical induction, limiting the downscaling and efficiency complicating eventual implementation, or on light scattering, where the minimum detectable spin-wave wavelength is set by the wavelength of the laser unless near-field techniques are used. In this article, we demonstrate the magneto-optical detection of spin waves beyond the diffraction limit using a metallic grating that selectively absorbs laser light. Specifically, we demonstrate the detection of propagating spin waves with a wavelength of 700 nm in 20 nm thick Ni 80 Fe 20 strips using a diffraction-limited laser spot with a diameter of 10 μ m. Additionally, we show that this grating is selective to the wavelength of the spin wave, providing phase-sensitive, wavevector-selective spin-wave detection in the time domain, thus providing a complementary approach to existing techniques such as Brillouin light scattering. This should open up new avenues toward the integration of the burgeoning fields of photonics and magnonics and aid in the optical detection of spin waves in the short-wavelength exchange regime for fundamental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The differentiation of the coronary vasculature was studied to establish in particular the formation of the coronary venous system. Methods: Antibody markers were used to demonstrate endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblastic cells in serial sections of embryonic quail hearts. The anti-β myosin heavy chain and the neuronal marker HNK-1 were added to our incubation protocol. Results: In HH32, the coronary vascular network has developed into a circulatory system with connections to the sinus venosus, the aorta and the right atrium. The connections between the aorta and the right atrium allow for direct arteriovenous shunting. Subsequently, differentiation into coronary arteries and veins occurs with an interposed capillary network. The smooth muscle cells of the coronary arterial media derive from the subepicardial layer, whereas the subepicardially located cardiac veins recrute atrial myocardium, as these cells express the β-myosin heavy chain antigen. Ganglia are located in the subepicardium close to the vessels, while nerve fibres tend to colocalize with the formed vessel channels. Conclusions: A new finding is presented in which the subepicardial coronary veins have a media that consists of myocardial cells. The close positional relationship of neural tissue and coronary vessels that penetrate the heart wall is explained as inductive for vessel wall differentiation, but not for invasion into the heart. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Examines the transfer pricing implications of the Dutch tax court decision concerning a Belgium central purchasing company on April 24, 2003. Facts of the case; Legal principles behind the case; Analysis of the court's decision.

Presents a study on the role of epicardial derived cells (EPDS) in cardiac and coronary vasculature development. Goal of study was to investigate the effect of delay of epicardial outgrowth on myocardial vascularization; Examination of quail embryos after inhibition of epicardial outgrowth; Death of quail embryos with complete inhibition of outgrowth due to structural defects of the heart; Detection of abnormal coronary vasculature in the embryos with epicardial grafting.