Search

Adopting both a self-determination theory perspective and a proactive, asset-oriented approach to coping with stressors, we propose a hypothesized model to explain physical education students' year-long development of course-specific grit-perseverance (Study 1) and mental toughness (Study 2). In both studies, we used a randomized controlled trial research design with longitudinally assessed dependent measures (four waves) to test a hypothesized model in which teacher participation in an autonomy-supportive teaching workshop (experimental condition) would increase students' T2 perceived autonomy-supportive teaching and T2 perceived autonomy-supportive classmates, both of which would increase T3 need satisfaction, which would then explain longitudinal gains in students' T4 grit-perseverance (Study 1) and mental toughness (Study 2). In both Study 1 (57 teachers, 3,147 students) and Study 2 (38 teachers, 2,057 students), a multilevel structural equation modeling analysis showed that the hypothesized model fit the data very well. We conclude that the developmental roots of grit-perseverance and mental toughness can emerge proactively out of the asset-oriented experiences of interpersonal support and psychological need satisfaction that are central to self-determination theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer support specialists (peers) who have the lived experience of, and are in recovery from, mental health challenges are increasingly being integrated into mental health care as a reimbursable service across the US. This study describes the ways peers were integrated into Help@Hand, a multi-site innovation project that engaged peers throughout efforts to develop and offer digital mental health interventions across counties/cities (sites) in California. Using a mixed methods design, we collected quantitative data via quarterly online surveys, and qualitative data via semi-annual semi-structured phone interviews with key informants from Help@Hand sites. Quantitative data were summarized as descriptive findings and qualitative data from interviews were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis methods. In the final analytic phase, interview quotes were used to illustrate the complex realities underlying quantitative responses. 117 quarterly surveys and 46 semi-annual interviews were completed by key informants from 14 sites between September 2020 and January 2023. Peers were integrated across diverse activities for support and implementation of digital mental health interventions, including development of training and educational materials (78.6% of sites), community outreach (64.3%), technology testing (85.7%), technology piloting (90.9%), digital literacy training (71.4%), device distribution (63.6%), technical assistance (72.7%), and cross-site collaboration (66.7%). Peer-engaged activities shifted over time, reflecting project phases. Peer-provided digital literacy training and technology-related support were key ingredients for project implementations. This study indicates the wide range of ways peers can be integrated into digital mental health intervention implementations. Considering contextual readiness for peer integration may enhance their engagement into programmatic activities.

Certification in infection control (CIC) is a standardized indicator of the knowledge and competencies essential for effective infection prevention practice. Evidence measuring success of training programs for certfication in infection control is limited. From 2017 through 2023, 51 novice infection preventionists (IPs) were enrolled in a training program that combined didactic learning, application of knowledge in practice, and mentorship from advanced-practice and near-peer IPs. Participants were tracked through completion of certification examination and pass rates were compared with rates for 2023 CIC candidates. All participants engaged in the training program attempted the CIC examination. The training group had a pass rate of 98%. This is 27% higher than the most recent rate published by Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC) of 71%. Participants were significantly more likely to pass the CIC exam on the first try, showing that a supported, competency-based training program can be successful in supporting novice IPs in certification success. Building foundational knowledge on key concepts in infection prevention and control and enhancing learning through supervised, direct application of skills improves CIC certification exam pass rates and supports progression of early career IPs to more independent practice. [Display omitted] • Certification in infection control certification demonstrates infection preventionist competency. • In most years, less than three-quarters of candidates pass the CIC exam. • Competency-based training can significantly increase certification success. • Training that combines application of knowledge and peer mentorship can be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peer support has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of mental health disorders among firefighters. This pilot project had two aims: (1) to assess training satisfaction and knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills development of Texas firefighters participating in the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) Peer Support Training, and (2) to determine if newly trained peer support specialists would use monthly phone supervision. Methods: The study included 14 Texas firefighters who enrolled in the IAFF Peer Support Training. Pre- and post-tests were administered to evaluate training satisfaction, skills development, self-efficacy, and behavioral health knowledge of participants. Use of phone supervision over 6 months following the training was also recorded. Results: Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with the training provided. While self-efficacy regarding detection of mental health issues and therapeutic empathy skills significantly improved following the training, participants did not show a significant improvement in knowledge regarding mental health. Attendance of participants to supervision calls was less than expected, although 71% attended at least one supervision call. Conclusions: This project was successful in increasing firefighters' self-efficacy and therapeutic empathy skills, and participants were highly satisfied with the training. However, further research on follow-up supervision of peer support trainees is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of recovery has become internationally widespread. To promote personal recovery of individuals with mental disorders, it is important that they live life on their own terms. Many people with mental disorders wish to build intimate relationships and marry. However, people with mental disorders face obstacles in building such relationships and communicating with their partners. The program AIRIKI, which means "power to love," was developed to help people with mental disorders gain confidence in building intimate relationships. The AIRIKI pilot study with one-group pre post test showed positive effects on self-esteem, hope, and communication. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine the effects of the videoconferencing program on self-esteem, hope, and self-confidence in communication among un-married people with mental disorders. Methods: The proposed randomized controlled trial has two arms (intervention group and control group). After baseline questionnaire assessment, participants will be allocated randomly. Within two months of allocation, the intervention group will participate in videoconferences about intimate relationships and marriage with 2–5 participants and 3 facilitators, which will last 3 h, for two days. Three facilitators will support participants in each session. The intervention group will complete a questionnaire for outcome assessment at termination and one month after the program. The control group will complete the outcome questionnaire at one month after baseline and two months after baseline. The questionnaire will include the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Self-confidence in Communication Scale (SCS). Control group members can participate in a videoconference program, which will be held separately from the intervention group, after completing their outcome assessments. Discussion: This trial is the first randomized controlled trial of which we are aware to test the effects of an online program for un-married people with mental disorders to consider and discuss their romantic relationship and marriage. The results will provide information on the effectiveness of an online program for people with mental disorders to imagine their romantic relationships and marriages. Trial registration: This trial has been registered with the UNIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000052027; 2023/08/28). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimsMethodsResultsConclusionTo investigate what it is about community-based perinatal mental health peer support from trained volunteers that works, for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects, and why; and build a change model that includes positive and negative mechanisms and outcomes.Realist evaluation methods based on semi-structured interviews were used to create a change model for a third sector programme in England.Mothers who received peer support (n = 20), peer support volunteers (n = 27), and programme staff (n = 9) were interviewed. Positive impact on mothers was primarily based on feeling understood and accepted, social comparison (including normalisation, hope, and gaining perspective) and sharing non-directive information from experiential knowledge. Negative impact on mothers was based on negative social comparison, or absence of key peer support mechanisms. Mothers were affected in different ways, depending on individual contexts: their backgrounds, personalities, social situations, resources, experiences, beliefs, and needs. Some different mechanisms were present in one-to-one and group situations. All participants considered the benefits of peer support to greatly outweigh the risks.Individual contextual factors affect the multiple mechanisms through which mental health peer support can improve mothers’ emotional wellbeing and social participation. Peer support has potential risks as well as benefits, which can be mitigated. Programmes could use this understanding of how contexts and mechanisms interact to produce peer support outcomes to improve training for peer support volunteers and to design future evaluations that take into account diversity of peer support experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regular exercise can mitigate side effects of cancer treatment. However, only a small proportion of adults with cancer meet exercise guidelines, and older adults (> 65 years) are underrepresented in cancer rehabilitation research. Peer support facilitates health-promoting behaviours in general populations, but interventions merging exercise and peer support for older adults with cancer are not examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a virtual partner-based peer support exercise intervention for older adult female cancer survivors. Methods: Older adult female cancer survivors with internet access and currently participating in < 150 min of moderate-vigorous physical activity per week were included in this study. Participants were matched with a partner and given a peer support guide, exercise guidelines, and a Fitbit Inspire©. In addition, intervention group dyads (AgeMatchPLUS) had weekly 1-h virtual sessions with a qualified exercise professional for 10 weeks. Dyads randomized to the control group (AgeMatch) independently supported their partner around exercise for 10 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility, measured using retention and adherence rates. Secondary outcomes included exercise volume, social support, quality of life, physical function, and physical activity enjoyment. Descriptive statistics were used to report feasibility and an ANCOVA was used to explore between group differences on secondary outcomes at post-intervention (10 weeks post baseline) and post-tapering timepoints (14 weeks post baseline). Results: Eighteen participants (9 dyads; mean age 72 years (SD: 5.7 years)) were included in the pilot trial. Retention and adherence rates to the AgeMatchPLUS intervention were 100% and 95% respectively. All but one participant was satisfied with the quality of their peer match. Preliminary effects were seen between group, favouring AgeMatchPLUS for exercise-related social support post-intervention (effect size (d) = 0.27, 95% CI = 0,0.54) and physical activity enjoyment at post-tapering (d = 0.25, 95% CI = 0,0.52) and favouring the AgeMatch group for 30 s sit-to-stand repetitions at post-tapering (d = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.57). No other effects were found. Conclusions: A virtual partner-based exercise intervention for older adults with cancer is feasible and shows preliminary effect benefits. Findings inform future trials aimed at increasing exercise in older adults with cancer. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT05549479, date: 22/09/22). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peer support is a promising and significant way for people living with HIV (PLWH) to improve their health outcomes. Matching PLWH with HIV peer volunteers can effectively stimulate and mobilize the function of peer support in health management. We develop the online platform Aspark, which features a precision matching function for PLWH and volunteers. This protocol provides a comprehensive overview of the randomized controlled trial design based on Aspark. Method: A parallel randomized controlled trial using block randomization will be conducted at the Beijing YouAn Home of Loving Care. The intervention group (n = 70) will have access to all 12 features of Aspark, including precise volunteer matching, health management tools, drug interaction queries, and medication reminders. The control group (n = 70) will have access to two features of informational support on Aspark. The outcomes of both groups will be evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after platform registration. The primary outcome is perceived social support. The secondary outcomes include mental symptoms, quality of life, self-efficacy, medication adherence, and health behaviors. Linear mixed models or generalized linear mixed models will be applied to test the intervention effects. Discussion: The Aspark trial is a randomized controlled trial designed to examine the influence of a mobile health (mHealth) application that integrates peer support and precision matching to strengthen social support for PLWH in China. This trial has the potential to significantly enhance social support for PLWH while also optimizing the delivery of peer support services and fully mobilizing the role of peer support in the overall health management of PLWH. Trial registration: Clinical registration number: ChiCTR2300077454. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Australia, lived experience peer support workforces are expanding making it one of the fastest growing emerging disciplines in transdisciplinary mental health settings. This article provides insight for organisations on the contextual realities peer workers face, increases understanding of peer support services to improve service delivery environments and contributes to mental health systems reform. This study aimed to qualitatively explore peer support workers experience integrating into and working within transdisciplinary mental health service teams. Method: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 18 peer support workers currently working in mental health services in Australia. The research was a qualitative descriptive study design. All data collected were analysed utilising thematic analysis. Results: Peer workers found their experience in the workplace was influenced by their colleagues and the organisation's understanding of the peer role. Factors relating to organisational culture and climate were a central theme throughout discussions noting that a negative climate was perceived as harmful to peer workers. Themes established through results include (1) the role of leadership, (2) attitudes and behaviours of colleagues, (3) provision of psychologically safe environments, (4) the organisations messaging and use of language and (5) organisational structures and policy. Conclusion: This study contributes to evidence for the impact of organisational culture on integrating and supporting peer support workers in mental health service delivery. This study provides insights into peer worker experiences integrating into transdisciplinary teams, confirming findings established in previous studies, highlighting a lack of movement or change in workplace culture to support peer worker integration into mental healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The facilitation of learners' achievement may be enhanced by considering the role of different constructs of positive psychology (PP) such as well‐being and engagement. Besides, there is a widespread belief that self‐efficacy has become an important psychological construct that can affect learners' academic performance. Additionally, the interpersonal connections that learners have with their teachers and peers within the educational setting play a pivotal role in their intellectual development. Several studies have confirmed that both peers and teachers have a significant role in shaping the academic performance of learners. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirical research examining the potential relationship between peer and teacher support and its impact on learner engagement (LE), and well‐being with the mediator role of self‐efficacy. Therefore, this research was designed to examine it among 640 students in China. The package of five questionnaires, namely the teacher and peer support, LE, well‐being, and self‐efficacy was administered to collect the data. The results obtained from the structural equation model (SEM) indicated that students who receive higher levels of support from their educators and classmates were engaged more and had high well‐being. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that social (teacher and peer) support was a predictor of both well‐being (β = 0.436, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.666, p < 0.01). Furthermore, social (teacher and peer) support was a strong predictor of efficacy (β = 0.768, p < 0.01). Indeed, self‐efficacy could predict both well‐being (β = 0.446, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.183, p < 0.01). As a result, some suggestions are recommended for teachers, students, teacher educators and other members of the academic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionThis systematic review aimed to examine the impact of videoconferencing peer support groups on individuals living with dementia and their caregivers.A narrative synthesis of articles identified via searches of five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science). The search was carried out in January 2024. The review included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research reporting the experiences of dementia patients and/or their caregivers participating in online support groups that took place through video call.16 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. In all studies, participants indicated that taking part in a virtual support group was beneficial, as they valued being able to connect with others in a similar situation, receive advice, and learn coping strategies. Videoconferencing support groups were seen as convenient to attend, even though participants sometimes experienced technical difficulties (e.g. internet connectivity issues). The provision of IT training and support helped participants access this type of support effectively.Videoconferencing support groups can be beneficial for caregivers of people living with dementia, especially when groups meet frequently and provide some manner of IT support. More research is needed to understand the potential benefits of videoconferencing for people with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peer support workers provide support for people experiencing mental health conditions based on their own lived experience of mental health problems. Assessing fidelity to core ingredients of peer support is vital for successful implementation and intervention delivery. Modifications to its implementation are needed when scaling up to different socio-economic settings, raising further uncertainty about fidelity. As part of a large multi-centre study on peer support called Using Peer Support In Developing Empowering Mental Health Services (UPSIDES), we developed and evaluated the psychometric properties of the UPSIDES Fidelity Scale. Methods: We constructed the fidelity scale based on an initial item pool developed through international expert consultation and iterative feedback. Scale refinement involved site-level expert consultation and translation, resulting in a service user-rated 28-item version and a peer support worker-rated 21-item version assessing receipt, engagement, enactment, competence, communication and peer support-specific components. Both versions are available in six languages: English, German, Luganda, Kiswahili, Hebrew and Gujarati. The scale was then evaluated at six study sites across five countries, with peer support workers and their clients completing their respective ratings four and eight months after initial peer support worker contact. Psychometric evaluation included analysis of internal consistency, construct validity and criterion validity. Results: For the 315 participants, item statistics showed a skewed distribution of fidelity values but no restriction of range. Internal consistency was adequate (range α = 0.675 to 0.969) for total scores and all subscales in both versions. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable fit of the proposed factor structure for the service user version (χ2/df = 2.746; RMSEA = 0.084) and moderate fit for the peer support worker version (χ2/df = 3.087; RMSEA = 0.093). Both versions showed significant correlations with external criteria: number of peer support sessions; perceived recovery orientation of the intervention; and severity of illness. Conclusions: The scale demonstrates good reliability, construct and criterion validity, making it a pragmatic and psychometrically acceptable measure for assessing fidelity to a manualised peer support worker intervention. Recommendations for use, along with research and practical implications, are addressed. As validated, multi-lingual tool that adapts to diverse settings this scale is uniquely positioned for global application. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN26008944. Registered on 30 October 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease cause medical, social, and economic burdens worldwide. Disease management programs in Germany mostly lack components to improve patients' self-management and health-promoting lifestyles despite clear guideline recommendations. Therefore, a Personalized Self-Management Support Program (P-SUP) was developed, which includes: (1) peer support groups; (2) telephone coaching; (3) feedback reports and, (4) a web portal. This study aims to explore patients' and implementing stakeholders' experiences in the implementation of P-SUP to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the intervention. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using face-to-face focus group interviews with participating patients and telephone-based one-to-one expert interviews with implementing stakeholders, involved in the delivery of the intervention. The transcribed interview reports were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and the contents were categorized according to Donabedian's Structure-Process-Outcome framework. Results: A total of six themes among patients (N = 35) and five themes among implementing stakeholders (N = 32) represent the experiences. The patient themes were: (1) technical conditions, (2) indoor facilities, (3) group composition, (4) acceptance of digital components, (5) supervision and feedback and (6) impact on lifestyle behavior. The themes among the implementing stakeholders were: (1) multiprofessional approach, (2) human resources, (3) patient acceptance, (4) supervision and feedback and (5) impact on lifestyle behavior. Conclusions: Multiprofessional interventions such as P-SUP appear to be valuable for patients and implementing stakeholders. Although infrastructural barriers made the implementation of peer support and digital patient education difficult, patients rated the exchange with peers and experts on health-related topics positively. The lack of supervision and feedback during the course of the intervention might be compensated by regular telephone coaching. The findings from this study can be used in future studies to guide researchers and implementing stakeholders and to improve the feasibility and effectiveness of complex interventions in different contexts. Trial registration: The P-SUP study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on 16/07/2020 under the registration number DRKS00020592. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family-based lifestyle interventions for children/adolescents with severe levels of obesity are numerous, but evidence indicates programs fail to elicit short- or longer-term weight loss outcomes. Families with lived experience can provide valuable insight as we strive to improve outcomes from programs. Our aim was to explore elements that families desired in a program designed to treat severe levels of obesity in young people. We recruited a cross-sectional sample of 13 families (parents and young people) who had been referred but had not engaged with the state-wide Perth Children's Hospital, Healthy Weight Service (Perth, Australia), between 2016 and 2018. Utilizing semi-structured interviews and reflexive qualitative thematic analysis, we identified two broad themes, (1) bridging the gap between what to do and how to do it, and (2) peers doing it with you. The first theme reflected parents' and young people's feelings that programs ought to teach specialist-designed practical strategies utilizing non-generic information tailored to address the needs of the family, in a collaboratively supportive way, and encourage young people to learn for themselves. The second theme reflected the importance of social connection facilitated by peer support, and intervention programs should be offered in a group format to foster inclusion. Families indicated a willingness to engage in tertiary intervention programs but desired support from specialized health professionals/programs to be tailored to their needs, sensitive to their experiences and challenges and provide useful practical strategies that support the knowledge-to-action process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent explosion in online dissemination of health-related information, and its availability to more and more people around the world, has led to a situation in which both healthcare providers and patients are accepting new roles. This paper examines the transformations toward new roles for healthcare professionals and patients, with a focus on Japan, based on the assumption that one of the driving forces accelerating these changes may be the digitalization of patient peer support. The methods used in this study were: 1) questionnaires and interviews with patients and healthcare providers asking about their participation in peer support and the effectiveness of its implementation; and 2) observations, questionnaires, and interviews with three patient groups about the experience of digitalizing peer support (via implementation of peer support in a virtual reality space). Analysis of the data showed that peer support by patient groups has both challenges and benefits, and that peer support in virtual spaces has certain positive effects. The empowerment of patients through digitalized peer support is transforming the relationship between healthcare providers and patients, changing it from a traditional asymmetrical relationship (in which the healthcare professionals are in a dominant position) to a cooperative relationship on a more equal footing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Black and Latino youth are disproportionately affected by trauma from community violence, but to date, few data support the benefit of evidence-based treatments for these youth or of including peer support to engage these youth in mental health services. Objective: From 2018 until 2020, a hospital and community-based violence intervention program in Philadelphia pilot tested the integration of home and community-based Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) with peer services and case management for youth impacted by community violence. This study describes the implementation of this intervention. Method: Data was gathered by querying the program's database. The Child Post Traumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale (CPSS-SR-5) and the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) were utilized to evaluate the participants' pre- and post-intervention assessment of PTSD and depression. The sample (N = 50) consisted of Black and Latino youth, mean age 14. Results: Twenty-nine (58%) completed TF-CBT, and 82% met peer and case management goals. Youth who completed therapy showed significant improvement in both PTSD and depression symptoms at post-test. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the implementation of home and community-based TF-CBT with peer support and case management. The study's limitations and need for further research are discussed. Plain language summary: Black and Latino youth are disproportionally affected by violence across US cities. Mental health research is needed to evaluate how to engage these youth in mental health services and provide effective and culturally relevant trauma treatment. This research describes the experiences of 50 children and adolescents (ages 8–18) who participated in this pilot tested health services intervention using their electronic health records to access de-identified information and present youths' demographics, services received, and clinical outcomes. Specifically, we describe ways in which the intervention was culturally relevant to the participants' lived experiences. Services delivered consisted of the integration of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) with peer services and case management for youth impacted by community violence. Services were provided by licensed social workers and certified peer specialists at a hospital and community-based (i.e., youth's home, school) violence intervention program (HVIP). Our results indicate that this intervention shows preliminary efficacy for decreasing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms for Black & Latino youth impacted by ongoing violence. This real-world study lays out a blueprint for implementing similar programs. The study has several limitations, and we discuss the need for additional research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the future of college student mental health from students' perspective. The authors of this manuscript are four undergraduate and graduate students from two different universities. In the context of growing demand and intensity of mental health issues and the increased diversity of student identities on college campuses, the authors outline students' specific needs and what institutions can do to support their mental health needs. Two specific strategies are highlighted – peer support and mental health days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care providers (HCPs) play a key role in psychosocial care of adolescents with cancer (AWC) and present a unique perspective. This prospective study included a brief survey followed by an interview, seeking to understand HCPs' viewpoints on peer support needs of AWC. Participants were 10 multidisciplinary HCPs with 5–30 years of experience. Three key themes found were: observations made and relationships with AWC; challenges to providing support; and potential peer support interventions. HCPs want to provide peer support resources but lack adequate information. Next steps: interventions should include information dissemination to all HCPs caring for AWC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterosexual people make up a small, but growing proportion of people living with HIV in Australia. This article draws on semi-structured interviews with thirteen heterosexual men and women living with HIV to examine the bearing that sexual identity had on their participation in a peer navigation programme. Our analyses consider the influence of sexuality and gender on the quality of peer relations and the effects of HIV-related stigma on health service engagement and quality of life. Gender and sexuality were significant factors in establishing understanding, acceptance, and community for participants. Having their heterosexuality mirrored by a peer was affirming for men. Women instead emphasised their gendered experiences of HIV. Otherwise, participants' narratives suggested that an experienced peer could reassure, guide interactions with community and services, and ease treatment-related and nonclinical aspects of life. We see peer navigation as a promising intervention to improve the quality of life for heterosexual people living with HIV. Person-centred support from a peer may be particularly important in HIV service environments adapting to the needs of heterosexual people. Peer navigation programmes should promote choice and employ peers of diverse experiences. Implications for referral and the improvement of social services for heterosexual people living with HIV are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teen-to-teen (t2t) crisis lines are a special type of crisis service where youth volunteers help their peers. Although prior research has examined the experience of adult crisis line responders, no research has examined the experience of adolescents who do this work. In collaboration with two of the largest t2t lines in the U.S., this pilot study is the first examination of t2t crisis line work. Volunteers (ages 14–20) reported: their primary motivation for joining the crisis lines was to help others and give back to the community; responding to a range of peers' problems on the t2t crisis line, including high-risk suicide contacts; and a range of ways the crisis line work impacted their lives. Findings provide preliminary information about the experience of adolescents engaging in t2t crisis line work. Additional research is needed in larger and more diverse samples to understand the impact of crisis line work for youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to smartphone and data plan services may impact levels of connection and opportunities for health management for patients with a diagnosis of a serious mental illness. Such smartphone-based services provide opportunities that extend the reach of physical and mental health care programs. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators faced by individuals with mental health challenges when accessing Medicaid SafeLink smartphones and data plans. Interview guides were developed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data on 18 participants' experiences with SafeLink services. Two main themes were identified– barriers and facilitators. Sub-themes included monthly data limits, followed by account management (barriers), opportunities for safety, and connection (facilitators). Massachusetts SafeLink policies provide individuals with an opportunity for smartphone ownership. However, results imply that expanding the current policy's usage limits may provide additional opportunities for connection and access to health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the movement towards recovery-oriented mental health (MH) services, individuals with MH lived-experience are increasingly employed as peer providers (peers). Peers are unique in that they bring knowledge from experience and eye-level connection to service users that enhance the quality of services and humanize MH systems' culture. In Israel, hundreds of peers are employed in various roles and settings across the MH system. However, peer integration into MH services faces challenges. One issue involves the use of self-disclosure (SD) in MH services which varies with explicitness across roles and settings. This study sought to understand perspectives and experiences regarding peers' SD (use & sharing of knowledge from experience) among different stakeholders in MH health services. Six focus groups and 4 semi-structured interviews (N = 42) were conducted as a part of a larger international project (UPSIDES; ERC Horizon 2020, Moran et al., Trials 21:371, 2020). Data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four categories and 7 themes were identified regarding current perspectives and experiences with peers' SD in MH organizations: (i) Restrained or cautious organizational approach to SD; (ii) Attitudes of peers to SD approach; (iii) The influence of designated peer roles on SD; and (iv) Unwarranted SD of peers working in traditional roles. The findings reveal that peers' SD in MH services is a complex process. Organizational approaches were often controlling of non-designated peers' SD practices; participants had diverse attitudes for and against peers' SD; SD occurred according to personal preferences, specific peer role and the director's approach to peers' SD; Conflictual SD dilemmas emerged in relation to service users and staff. SD sometimes occurs unwarrantely due to ill mental health. The presence of peer-designated roles positively impacts peers' SD. We interpret the current mix of views and general conduct of peer SD practice in statutory MH services as related to three aspects: 1. The presence of a traditional therapeutic SD model vs. a peer SD model – with the former currently being dominant. 2. Insufficient proficiency and skill development in peers' SD. 3. Stigmatic notions about peer SD among service users and staff. Together, these aspects interrelate and sometimes create a negative cycle create tension and confusion. A need to develop professionalism of peer SD in statutory services is highlighted alongside enhancing staff and service user acknowledgement of the value of peer SD. Developing peer-designated roles can positively impacts peer SD in MH statutory services. Training, support, and organizational interventions are required to further support for peer-oriented SD and the enhancement of a person-centered and recovery orientation of MH services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Covid-19 has resulted in changes to college students' daily lives due to recommendations to socially distance. Social distance is likely to affect youths' peer relationships at a time when these relationships remain important for development. Participants and Methods: The current study utilized survey data to examine perceived changes in peer relationships and the association with behavioral health among 275 college students (Mage = 18.69, SD =.72) during the fall/spring of 2020–2021. Results: Quantitative results indicated that participants reported significant perceived decreases in peer support but did not report significantly worse quality of closest friendships. Qualitative responses from an open-ended survey question supported these quantitative results suggesting that although many participants perceived decreases in quality of relationships, there was also the perception that friendships became closer. Participants who perceived decreased peer relationship support and quality were more likely to report depressive symptoms and loneliness when compared to participants who perceived no changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent calls for more peer support initiatives aimed at promoting mental health in postsecondary institutions, those initiatives remain scarce. In this study, a multisite randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the effect of an online peer support intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy using mental health and school indicators. Undergraduate students were recruited in three Canadian universities and randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 54) or a wait-list control group (n = 53). Compared to control participants, those who took part in the program self-reported reduced psychological inflexibility, stress, anxiety and depression, and increased psychological flexibility and well-being. The intervention had no effect on academic satisfaction and engagement. These results were found both in completer and intent-to-treat samples. The findings provide evidence that peer support may be a beneficial adjunct to mental health interventions offered to college and university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many opportunities for urologists to be emotionally impacted, and possibly injured, in the regular course of their work. In particular, urologists are vulnerable to become Second Victims as a result of errors, adverse events, and distressing clinical events. This article reviews best practices that individuals, training programs, hospitals, and healthcare systems can implement to intentionally and programmatically mitigate the short and long-term effects on healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emotional impact of surgical complications on urologists is a significant yet historically under-addressed issue. Traditionally, surgeons have been expected to cope with complications and their psychological effects in silence, perpetuating a culture of perfectionism and 'silent suffering.' This has left many unprepared to handle the emotional toll of adverse events during their training and early careers. Recognizing the gap in structured education on this matter, there is a growing movement to openly address and educate on the emotional consequences of surgical complications. This article underscores the importance of such educational initiatives in the mid-career phase, proposing strategies to promote surgeon health, and psychological safety. It advocates for utilizing Morbidity and Mortality conferences as platforms for peer support, learning from 'near miss' events, and encourages at least annual department-wide discussions to raise awareness and normalize the emotional challenges faced by surgeons. Furthermore, it highlights the role of formal peer support programs, acceptance and commitment therapy, and resilience training as vital tools for promoting surgeon well-being. Resources from various organizations, including the American Urological Association and the American Medical Association, are now available to facilitate these critical conversations. By integrating these resources and encouraging a culture of openness and support, the article suggests that the surgical community can better manage the inevitable emotional ramifications of complications, thereby fostering resilience and reducing burnout among surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Accessing peer support can be difficult for people with, or carers of people with, inherited intellectual disabilities. One way to improve access is to provide services online, yet few studies have explored people's experiences with online peer support programmes. We aimed to explore experiences with such programmes for communities affected by fragile X‐associated conditions.Qualitative study involving individual semi‐structured interviews with 16 people with, or carers of people with, a fragile X‐associated condition (n = 4 adult premutation carriers; n = 12 parents/carers of children/adults), who participated in at least one of three online peer support programmes: educational webinars, Facebook discussion group and small peer group sessions via Zoom. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop themes.Three overarching themes relating to experiences were as follows: (1) uncertainty and value of shared experiences, (2) support navigating healthcare, (3) advantages being online, but still a place for in‐person events. Educational webinars were perceived to be a valuable source of information about fragile X‐associated conditions although people had variable information needs. Facebook discussion groups enabled people to connect with others, although participants expressed some competing preferences for how the groups were organised. Zoom peer group sessions were perceived to help participants feel supported by others, but that consistency in organisation was important.Online peer support programmes were perceived to be beneficial, bridging informational gaps and facilitating social connection. However, participants believed there was still a place for in‐person events, some felt educational webinars did not always meet their needs and some had privacy concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodResultsConclusionA peer-led self-advocacy group, Our Voice SA, is used as a case study to explore how the social engagement of people with intellectual disability contributed to their self-advocacy about things that are important to them.Secondary analyses of data (interviews, observations and program data) were thematically analysed using Clifford Simplican’s analytical lens of “freedom through encounter”.Social engagement encounters in peer-led self-advocacy led to individual and group agency for freedom. The findings explore becoming known, seen, and heard; freedom to express what matters; and unfreedom: silencing self-advocacy.A “freedom through encounter” lens is a useful perspective on how people navigate social inclusion to participate and challenge expectations. Allies were critical for overcoming structural, interdependent barriers, and supporting capacity for leadership and rights awareness that helped elevate the confidence and skills of people with intellectual disability to speak up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second victim phenomenon (SVP) refers to workers negatively impacted by involvement in unanticipated adverse events or errors. While this phenomenon has been extensively studied in healthcare since its acknowledgment over 20 years ago, its presence and management in other high-risk industries have remained unclear. We conducted a scoping review aiming to map the SVP in non-healthcare industries, as well as to explore the available interventions or support programs addressed to help second victims (SVs). A total of 5818 unique records were identified and, after the screening process, 18 studies from eight sectors were included. All industries acknowledged the existence of the SVP, though many did not use a specific term for defining the SV. Similarities in psychological and emotional consequences were found across sectors. Support strategies varied, with the aviation sector implementing the most comprehensive programs. Self-care and peer support were the most reported interventions, while structured clinical support was not mentioned in any industry. Our review highlighted a lack of standardized terminology and industry-specific, evidence-based support interventions for the SVP outside of healthcare. Healthcare appears to be at the forefront of formally recognizing and addressing the SVP, despite traditionally learning from other high-reliability industries in safety practices. This presents opportunities for reciprocal learning and knowledge transfer between healthcare and other high-risk sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peer workers are people with personal experience of mental distress, employed within mental health services to support others with similar experiences. Research has identified a range of factors that might facilitate or hinder the introduction of new peer worker roles into mental health services. While there is mixed evidence for the effectiveness of peer worker delivered interventions, there are no studies exploring how implementation might be associated with effect. Methods: This was a qualitative comparative case study using data from interviews with 20 peer workers and their five supervisors. Peer workers delivered peer support for discharge from inpatient to community mental health care as part of a randomised controlled trial. In the trial, level of participant engagement with peer support was associated with better outcome (hospital readmission). Study sites with higher levels of engagement also had higher scores on a measure of fidelity to peer support principles. We compared data from sites with contrasting levels of engagement and fidelity using an analytical framework derived from implementation theory. Results: In high engagement-high fidelity sites, there was regular work with clinical teams preparing for working alongside peer workers, and a positive relationship between staff on inpatient wards and peer workers. The supervisor role was well resourced, and delivery of peer support was highly consistent with the intervention manual. In low engagement-low fidelity sites peer workers were employed in not-for-profit organisations to support people using public mental health services and in rural areas. Supervisors faced constrained resources and experienced barriers to joint working between organisations. In these sites, peer workers could experience challenging relationships with ward staff. Issues of geography and capacity limited opportunities for supervision and team-building, impacting consistency of delivery. Conclusions: This study provides clear indication that implementation can impact delivery of peer support, with implications for engagement and, potentially, outcomes of peer worker interventions. Resourcing issues can have knock-on effects on consistency of delivery, alongside challenges of access, authority and relationship with clinical teams, especially where peer workers were employed in not-for-profit organisations. Attention needs to be paid to the impact of geography on implementation. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry number ISRCTN10043328, registered 28 November 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Danish Reproducibility Network (DKRN) is a grassroots initiative for establishing a peer-supportive reproducibility-focused academic network in Denmark. We modelled our approach on already existing national Reproducibility Networks. We consulted with researchers and research support professionals to identify the needs of the research community. Three themes emerged around policy implementation, training and the appropriate application of reproducible practices. The network aims to address these three themes in a strategic plan, which harnesses the benefits of grassroots initiatives. The mission of the DKRN is therefore to facilitate communication, peer-support, and the exchange of ideas through a network of topic and geographical nodes. The network is open to researchers and research support professionals from all career stages and disciplines. It aligns with broader international initiatives, and national institutions, positioning itself as a contributor to the Danish research ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite growing international attention, there remains an urgent need to develop mental health services within low and middle income countries. The Khmer Rouge period in Cambodia saw the destruction of all health services infrastructure in the 1970s. Consequently, Cambodia has struggled to rebuild both its economy and healthcare system, with the number of qualified mental health clinicians remaining disproportionately low. Resultantly, there is a pressing need to develop low-cost community based alternatives of mental healthcare. Methods: Using a mixed methods design, researchers developed an 8-week peer-led intervention, known as a Friendship Group, for adults with physical disabilities using both face-to-face and online delivery methods. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to assess changes in pre-post survey scores and qualitative data was collected in form of five focus groups post intervention. Results: 41 participants were allocated across four Friendship groups -- two were online and two face-to-face. Attrition rate was 22% post-intervention (n=32). ITT analyses showed a statistically significant decrease in psychological distress scores [Z =-3.808, p < .001] from pre [Mdn = 20, IQR = 16.5-25.5] to post [Mdn = 16, IQR = 14-18.5] intervention. A Wilcoxon signed-ranks test also showed a statistically significant decrease in PTSD scores [Z = -2.239, p < .025] from pre [Mdn=4, IQR=3-5] to post [Mdn = 3, IQR= 2.75-4] intervention. There was also a statistically significant decrease in worry scores [Z =-3.904, p < .001] from pre [Mdn=5, IQR=3.5-6.5] to post [Mdn = 3, IQR = 3-4] intervention. There were no significant group differences between the face to face and online groups. A number of interconnected themes emerged from focus group data (n=5), these included the mental health benefits of Friendship Groups as conceptualised through knowledge acquisition, skill development and peer support. Conclusions: The Friendship group intervention delivered in both online and face-to-face formats appears feasible and acceptable within the Cambodian context. Initial data revealed positive findings in terms of reduction in psychological distress, worry and PTSD symptoms as well increased feeling as calm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHope is a malleable cognitive-motivational skill that helps students identify personal goals and construct routes to achieve them. Hope is sustained through engaging contexts and supportive relationships. We examined cognitive school engagement, teacher support, and peer support during high school (297 students; 9th–11th grade; 45% female; 52% White, 45% Latinx, 3% other) as potential mechanisms in the process of sustaining hope over time, and predicting academic achievement. We hypothesized high school students’ hope (time 1; T1) would be indirectly related to subsequent hope (time 2; T2) and achievement (time 3; T3) via cognitive school engagement and supports (T2). Significant longitudinal indirect effects emerged from T1 hope to T2 hope via T2 cognitive school engagement and peer support, and between T1 hope and T3 achievement via T2 cognitive school engagement. Findings highlight the processes that link student hope with achievement and greater hope in the high school context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence for the value of peer support for eating disorders (EDs) is growing. Peer support is not a replacement for treatment, but can provide hope for recovery, enhance motivation for treatment, and increase feelings of connectedness and belonging for those experiencing EDs. In this study, we explored peer mentees' experiences of peer support for EDs to better understand the impact of peer support and its role in the Canadian treatment and support continuum. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 people who had received peer support (group, one-on-one, or chat) and conducted a reflexive thematic analysis through a critical realist lens. We developed four themes. Participants described the importance of connecting with others who had "been there," which helped generate a sense of belonging and connectedness. They also highlighted aspects of the peer support "container" that needed to be in place, such as guidelines for groups and agreements for one-on-one mentoring. When peer support was delivered well, participants described how it helped them help themselves through increasing motivation, communication skills, and other coping skills. Finally, participants described the unique role of peer support within the treatment continuum, as a modality that was accessible, free, and delivered in a way that focused on the whole person. Together, our findings illustrate the value of peer support and considerations for enabling effective and safe peer support delivery. Plain Language Summary: Peer support can provide hope for recovery, help people feel more motivated to engage in treatment, and generate a sense of belonging for those experiencing EDs. In this study, we sought to understand how peer mentees experienced peer support for EDs. We also wanted to know what role(s) they thought peer support served within the Canadian treatment and support continuum. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 people who had received peer support (group, one-on-one, or chat). We developed four themes using a qualitative analysis approach called reflexive thematic analysis. Participants described the importance of connecting with others who had "been there." This helped them feel less isolated and more connected to others with lived experience. They also described several things that needed to be in place for peer support to work, including guidelines for groups and agreements for one-on-one mentoring. If these things were in place, peer support could help people learn to help themselves; for instance, participants shared that they felt more motivated and developed stronger coping and communication skills. In terms of the role of peer support, participants shared that it was an accessible and free option, and one that made them feel seen as a whole person. Together, our findings illustrate the value of peer support and considerations for enabling effective and safe peer support delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Smoking is responsible for over 8 million deaths globally per annum. While socially disadvantaged communities are disproportionately affected, few interventions effectively reach these groups. We progressed a participatory action research (PAR) study on smoking‐related health inequalities in the context of the current UK cost‐of‐living crisis. We worked with people living in deprived neighbourhoods in rural northeast Scotland. The objective was to engage affected communities together with the health authority in cooperative action learning. Community‐based participants (n = 9) engaged in a series of workshops (n = 8) adopting roles as co‐researchers, collecting and arranging new data and evidence. We then connected with service providers in a series of additional workshops (n = 3) to analyse and interpret the data, appraise local action and reflect on the process. Community partners identified a convergence between increased stress owing to the crisis, and increased availability, affordability and acceptability of tobacco‐related products, namely e‐cigarettes. The situation was compounded by lack of awareness of available cessation services. A shared action agenda was developed prioritising: (a) the stress‐related root causes of smoking, (b) inclusive access to cessation support, (c) incentivised cessation with locally framed messaging and (d) deliberative dialogue between communities and service providers. There was a high level of engagement, openness and honesty and the strategic relevance of the process was acknowledged. The study provides holistic understandings of health and hardship and demonstrates that existing services can be enhanced with community intelligence. We provide practical methods to support policy commitments to community health emphasising mutual empowerment between service users and providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although there is increased awareness about healthcare workers' (HCWs') stress and burnout after the COVID-19 pandemic, support interventions should be tailored according to the needs of HCWs. Given the unique challenges rural HCWs face, we sought to systematically identify the types of interventions specifically designed and utilized to support the well-being of HCWs practicing in rural settings. Method: We conducted a comprehensive search of the existing literature through electronic databases to identify quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies describing supportive interventions for rural HCWs with well-being-related outcomes between January 1, 2023 and March 31, 2023. We used the Effective Public Health Practice Project, Mixed Methods Assessment Tool, and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist to evaluate the study quality. Findings: Out of 1,583 identified records, 25 studies were included in the analysis. The studies described a wide range of supportive interventions and outcomes. The overall quality of the studies was weak to moderate. None of the studies were randomized and only six included controls. Included interventions were generally well- accepted. Quantitative and qualitative themes identified shared decision making, effective supervision, and proactive cultural change as promising interventions that warrant further exploration. Financial interventions alone were not effective. Most of the studies were either unfunded or were funded internally by the institutions. Conclusions: There is limited research in support interventions for rural HCWs. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to explore promising interventions to promote well-being of rural healthcare workforce. Public Significance Statement: This study highlights the needs for more supportive services to the healthcare workers in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past 35 years, peer-run Hearing Voices Groups (HVGs) have proliferated across the globe. More recently, research has begun to focus on the precise psychological mechanisms that make groups effective and enable individual psychological change. While important in their own right, theories of peer support are limited in their ability to explain the psychological mechanisms by which complex psychological transformation occurs. As such, it is necessary to look beyond peer support and borrow theories from the psychotherapeutic literature. Yalom and Leszcz's (2005) seminal work, The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy, may help shed some light on the psychological dynamics that bring about change in HVGs. Peer support and group psychotherapy differ widely in their histories, philosophical underpinnings, and approach to, and understanding of, mental distress. As such, theories of group psychotherapy cannot be broadly applied to HVGs without a nuanced understanding of the differences between HVGs and psychotherapy groups. In this paper, I use my lived experience as an HVG member and facilitator to highlight these differences, and explore where Yalom's theory may be useful at understanding the change mechanisms at play in HVGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healthcare industry continues to experience high rates of burnout, turnover, and staffing shortages that erode quality care. Interventions that are feasible, engaging, and impactful are needed to improve cultures of support and mitigate harm from exposure to morally injurious events. This quality improvement project encompassed the methodical building, implementation, and testing of RECONN (Reflection and Connection), an organizational intervention designed by an interdisciplinary team to mitigate the impact of moral injury and to increase social support among nurses. This quality improvement project was conducted in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) in a rural, academic medical center. We employed an Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) approach to design and implement the RECONN intervention while assessing the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness via surveys (n = 17). RECONN was found acceptable and appropriate by 70% of nurses who responded to surveys. Preliminary effectiveness data showed small to moderate effect sizes for improving social support, moral injury, loneliness, and emotional recovery. Further evaluation is warranted to establish the effectiveness and generalizability of RECONN to other healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic study of work engagement among pre-service teachers during their practicum has been notably sparse, with even fewer investigations examining the influence of environmental stimuli on their engagement levels and the role of individual psychological and emotional factors throughout the practicum. To address this research gap, the present study, informed by the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) theory, has developed a structural equation model. This model posits teacher support and peer support as stimuli, L2 grit and the foreign language teaching enjoyment as the organism, and the work engagement of pre-service teachers as the behavioral response. A quantitative survey was conducted among 516 preservice EFL teachers to examine the relationships among variables in the model. Findings showed direct predictions of work engagement by teacher support, L2 grit, and FLTE. L2 grit and FLTE sequentially mediated the relationship between teacher and peer support and work engagement. This study identified the factors influencing preservice EFL teachers' work engagement, contributing to a deeper understanding of their psychological characteristics and emotional experiences during the teaching practicum. Additionally, the study offers practical implications for universities and internship schools to enhance preservice teachers' work engagement during the practicum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to develop a Best Practice Guidance on online peer support for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). The Best Practice Guidance was developed through a systematic literature review, focus groups, an online survey, and interviews and consultations with people with YOD and professionals. The Best Practice Guidance consists of two parts. Part 1 contains information for people with YOD about what online peer support entails, what to expect from it, and how to get involved. Part 2 is aimed at those who facilitate or moderate online peer support (professionals or people with lived experience) and includes guidelines on how to optimize online peer support for people with YOD. The Best Practice Guidance on online peer support provides (1) people with YOD with evidence-based, relevant, and accessible information about what online peer support entails and how it could help them, (2) providers and facilitators with guidelines on how to optimize online peer support for people with YOD, and (3) healthcare professionals with a concise and accessible tool for signposting. Future research is needed to implement and disseminate the Best Practice Guidance among dementia organizations and healthcare practices and should include rigorous studies on the implementation and sustainability of online peer support for people with YOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to (1) identify similarities and differences in psychosocial burdens and support needs experienced by parent, partner and adult‐child caregivers and (2) identify support needs of family caregivers regarding peer support programs. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews (n = 30) were conducted with family caregivers of cancer patients. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed by inductive content analysis to identify themes. Results: Ten categories of burden were identified for all three groups of caregivers. Partners emphasized the time burden through caregiving, parents and adult‐child caregivers accentuated the emotional burden. All caregivers wished for peer‐to‐peer exchange which will provide the feeling not to be alone, to share emotions and to prepare for what will come next. Preferences for matching with peers with similar prognosis for their sick relative and similar living conditions were found. Conclusions: Partner, parent and adult‐child caregivers describe similar burdens of caregiving. They wish for peer support programs that allow them to share their experiences with persons who understand their situation. Therefore, caregivers desire a good match with peers to enhance the positive outcome of peer exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As many individuals with Long Covid are left without formal support, they have turned to online support groups for help. In a pre‐registered study, interviews were carried out with 21 adults with Long Covid to explore experiences of using online support groups, to understand whether participants felt these experiences influenced their health and wellbeing, and to identify whether group members developed a shared social identity. The reported benefits varied by the nature and size of the online support group: participants reported that smaller groups enabled a sense of community; occupation groups provided work‐specific support; and larger groups helped with symptom management. Interviewees reported that support groups validated members' experiences, made them feel less alone, and enhanced self‐efficacy by providing and offering support and enabling participants to learn new skills. However, negative outcomes were also reported, such as increased fear and reduced wellbeing. Shared identities developed based on mutual Long Covid experiences, shared values towards illness management, and pre‐existing identities. Reported experiences also varied between online support group size (large vs small); type (e.g., advocacy‐focused, yoga‐based, local or international); and platform (video‐ vs text‐based) and throughout the illness. Whilst this study recognises the necessity of medical treatment for Long Covid, we also recommended that individuals with Long Covid explore different support groups to find the most suitable group for them in terms of preferred group features, values towards illness management and enablement of social identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) experiencing cancer have support needs that differ from older adult cancer patients. The aim of our qualitative study was to determine the holistic needs of AYA cancer survivors and to develop a patient-centered conceptual model of AYA survivorship care. Analysis of our interview results reveals eight key domains critical to holistic patient-centered AYA survivorship care. We offer a conceptual model that differs from current conceptual models of AYA survivorship care by centering the patient and their support systems, emphasizing the need for continuing supportive navigation, and the importance of repeated support along the identified domains over time. Purpose: Conceptual models provide frameworks to illustrate relationships among patient-, provider-, system-, and community-level factors that inform care delivery and research. Existing models of cancer survivorship care focus largely on pediatric or adult populations whose needs differ from adolescents and young adults (AYAs). We developed a patient-centered conceptual model of AYA survivorship care. Methods: We conducted a narrative literature review of current conceptual and theoretical models of care. We engaged AYA cancer survivors (n = 25) in semi-structured one-hour telephone interviews. Most participants were in their 20s and 30s, and the majority (84%) were women. Recruitment was stratified by age and time since cancer diagnosis. We conducted a thematic analysis of interview transcripts to identify themes that exemplified patient-centered care. Results: Most participants identified as white and female. Leukemia and breast cancer were the most common cancer types. Main themes included the need for (1) care coordination, (2) ongoing mental health support, (3) connection to AYA peer support, (4) support during fertility preservation efforts, (5) support with financial burden, (6) support for quality of life, (7) information about and support with side effects and late effects, and (8) attention to the unique needs of young adults. Conclusions: We present a patient-centered conceptual model of AYA survivorship care needs that can inform future cancer care delivery and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) required substantial changes in socialization to mitigate the spread of the virus. Stay-at-home and social distancing mandates required changes in work, school, and healthcare access for autistic adults. This qualitative online netnographic study utilized a public online forum to examine 1,102 posts detailing the experiences of COVID-19 by autistic adults from March 2020 to December 2020. We found two main themes related to seeking behavioral health services and seeking support related to service delays and barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for social work practice and supporting autistic people in navigating healthcare access are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Up to one in five women experience perinatal depression and/or anxiety with profound negative consequences for mothers and families. Peer support interventions have the potential to effectively prevent perinatal mental health conditions. Meanwhile, mobile health has gained popularity and plays a significant role in enhancing maternal health services. However, little is known about the availability of mobile health combined with peer support for supporting perinatal mental health. This scoping review aimed to map the relevant literature and gain insights into the available evidence on mobile health and peer support for perinatal mental health, to identify gaps and inform opportunities for future research. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted. The search strategy included five databases: CIANHL, Scopus, PsycInfo, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for the period from 2007 to 2022. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including features of online support strategies, effectiveness, and attitudes of women about peer support with mobile health. The results showed decreased depressive scores and provided a positive experience for women. Strong satisfaction with accessibility and flexibility of mobile health was found when combined with the peer support features. Additional emotional support tools (e.g., mindfulness‐based activities) were likely to be acceptable to women and beneficial to mobile health. Conclusions: Understanding the context of peer support and mobile health informs the potential to support perinatal mental health. Further research in this growing area is needed to test the effectiveness of peer support in combination with mobile health intervention for supporting perinatal mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital health interventions (DHIs) can facilitate positive health outcomes. User engagement (UE) plays an important role in DHI efficacy. Yet, DHIs vary in functionality, design and intended outcomes, underscoring the importance of incremental, user-centred design to understand engagement in specific settings. This study explores the relationship between user engagement and DHI implementation in three design iterations, or rounds, of a unique, multi-week asynchronous intervention that leverages online discussion and problem-solving therapy (PST). The intervention seeks to engage older adults to improve problem solving skills relating to the intervention focus, health aging (two rounds) and Lewy Body Dementias (LBD) caregiving (one round). The PST component drew upon personas, a common user-centered design method, in a novel way. Exit interviews were conducted at the end of each round to understand participants' experiences. Using thematic analysis, we identified factors that contributed to social engagement ('engaging with others') and learning engagement ('engaging with content') with the DHI. The findings demonstrate how iterative changes in the design and delivery of a DHI can contribute to user engagement, increasing the likelihood of knowledge acquisition and developing problem-solving skills as part of health self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to explore students’ bystander roles in peer bullying considering the interaction between their individual and contextual characteristics. We included social status goals (popularity, social preference and social insecurity), moral disengagement and peer support as key variables for differentiating bystander behaviour. Our sample comprised 5148 students from the 8th and 9th grades across 118 primary schools in Slovenia. Bystander roles (active and passive reinforcers, ignorants and defenders) were determined by peer nominations. Other characteristics were measured with self-report questionnaires. For each variable, we normalized students’ results with regard to their classroom to define classroom norms as the context of peer bullying resulting in “low”, “average” and “high” group. Students with similar individual and contextual characteristics were grouped into four clusters. The results showed that students from all clusters were present in all bystander roles, which indicates a highly complex interaction of various factors in bystander behaviour. Some educational implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]