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Conventional RGB sub-pixel layout for displays has low geometric fill factor, which show limitations in application for high resolution and efficiency improvement. Color-tunable pixel, which can reproduce various colors with a single pixel, can be an innovative approach to improve the fill factor issue. The bilayered emission layer (EML) structure is a method to implement the color-tunable pixels. However, a simple bilayer structure exhibit limited color-tuning range. Thus, color-modulation layer (CML) insertion between EMLs is essential to control the carrier distribution. CML materials are usually dissolved in organic solvent for solution process. Here, a process issue occurs as organic solvents can damage the previous QD layer. In this research, we analyze the effects of various organic solvents on the QD layer and suggest the most suitable solvent that minimizes the damage. The bilayer QD-LED structure is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/green QD(CdSe@ZnS)/organic solvents/red QD(CdSe@ZnS)/ZnO/Al. Toluene, chlorobenzene, 1,4-dioxane, and n-octane are used for organic solvent process and deposited on the QD layer. The current density and the luminance of the device without solvent process and with toluene, 1,4-dioxane, and n-octane process are (99.5 mA/cm2 and 908 cd/m2), (63.7 mA/cm2 and 490 cd/m2), (63.1 mA/cm2 and 304 cd/m2), and (43 mA/cm2 and 200 cd/m2), respectively, at 9.5V. These results indicate that toluene, 1,4-dioxane, and n-octane process caused severe damage on the green QD layer. However, current density and luminance of chlorobenzene process are 208.8 mA/cm2, 934 cd/m2, respectively, at 8V. Moreover, chlorobenzene treated device showed even wider color-tuning range than the one without solvent process. Therefore, chlorobenzene is the most suitable solvent for the CML..

Acute Renal Failure in a Renal Allograft Recipient Caused by a Post-Biopsy Renal Arteriovenous Fistula with Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis Jin-Ho Lee, M.D., Hee-Ryong Lee, M.D., Seung-Ho Choi, M.D., Peel Jung, M.D., Joon-Seok Oh, M.D., Seung-Min Kim, M.D., Yong-Hun Sin, M.D., Yeon-Soon Jung, Ph.D., Gyoo-Sik Jung, Ph.D. and Joong-Kyung Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Bong Seng Memorial Hospital, Departments of Internal Medicine, Radiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea

Transmesenteric hernias have bimodal distribution and occur in both pediatric and adult patients. In the adult population, the cause is iatrogenic, traumatic, or inflammatory. We report a case of transmesocolic hernia in an elderly person without any preoperative history. An 84-year-old Korean female was admitted with mid-abdominal pain and distension for 1 d. On abdominal computed tomography, we diagnosed transmesocolic hernia with strangulated small bowel obstruction, and performed emergency surgery. The postoperative period was uneventful and she was discharged 11 d after surgery. Hence, it is important to consider the possibility of transmesocolic hernia in elderly patients with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction, even in cases with no previous surgery.

s / Pancreatology 14 (2014) S1eS129 S25 Aims: This study was conducted to compare sedation efficiency, safety and satisfaction by endoscopist and assistants between CI and IB of propofol for deep sedation during ERCP. Patients & methods: A total of 212 patients undergone ERCP were randomly assigned to either CI of propofol (n1⁄4106, continuous group (CG)) or midazolam plus IB of propofol (n1⁄4106, intermittent group (IG)). In the CG, propofol was continuously administered via infusion pump and the doses were determined by sedation assistants. In the IG, a loading dose of 2 mg of midazolam and 0.4 mg/kg of propofol was initially injected and repeated bolus injection of 20 mg of propofol was followed. Total dose of propofol, induction/recovery time, patients’ cooperation and adverse events during the procedure were evaluated. Satisfaction scores by patients/endoscopist and difficulty scores of maintaining the sedation by assistants were graded. Results: Induction time and recovery time showed no statistically significant differences between two groups. Satisfaction score by endoscopist was significantly higher in the CG than IG (9.62 vs. 8.06, p Conclusion: Continuous infusion of propofol was more efficient to maintain the constant level of sedation and more comfortable to endoscopist and sedation assistants for deep sedation during ERCP.

of the varices with endoscopy probe was considered as an indicator of that gastric varices were not eradicated. But if pillow sign was negative, it was thought that the varices were eradicated. With EUS doppler examination of the same varices, if there was flow, it was decided that the varices were not eradicated. Except the experienced endoscopist who performed the gastroscopy and EUS, the varicose veins were visualized by two other experienced endoscopists. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the interobserver agreement. Results: Eighteen patients were included, 10 men (%55) and 8 women (%45) with an average age of 53.4 years (range 19 to 74 years). The etiology of the portal hypertension was splenic vein thrombosis in 2 (% 11.1) patients, portal vein thrombosis in 1 (%5.5) patient, and cirrhosis in other 15 (%83.3) patients. The mean injection session number was 2 (range 1 to 5). Seven (% 38.8) patients who had pillow sign in gastroscopy, had also flow in EUS doppler examination and it was repeated the cyanoacrylate injection. Eleven (%61.2) patients with negative pillow sign that were thought to have successful eradication, had no flow in EUS doppler examination. Conclusion: Endoscopically negative pillow sign is adequate for the eradication decision of the gastric varices which were enjected cyanoacrylate, examination with EUS does not contribute an additional benefit.

Background/Aims: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a method for evaluation of autonomic nervous system activity by expressing the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones. Some studies of HRV in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been performed in Korea. However, few have examined kidney transplantation (KT) patients. Therefore, we investigated autonomic nervous system activity by means of HRV in patients with KT due to ESRD. Methods: We compared the pattern of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity by time- and frequency-domain analysis of HRV with 24-h Holter monitoring of 23 KT and 56 dialysis patients. Patients underwent KT between January, 2008 and June, 2011. Results: The mean ages of KT and dialysis patients were 54.2 ± 12.3 and 53.7 ± 12.6 years, respectively. The KT group showed increased time- and frequency-domain HRV (including HRV index), very low frequency (VLF), means and standard deviations of all normal R-R intervals for all 5-min segments of the entire recording (SDNNi), low frequency (LF), LF in normalized units (LF norm), and LF to high-frequency power ratio, compared with the dialysis group. Conclusions: Autonomic tone in patients with KT is higher than that in patients with ESRD on dialysis. (Korean J Med 2012;83:606-612)

Tuberculosis of the sigmoid colon is a rare disorder. An 80-year-old man visited Bongseng Memorial Hospital for medical examination. A colonoscopy was performed, and a lesion in the sigmoid colon that was suspected to be colon cancer was found. A biopsy was performed, and tuberculous enteritis with chronic granulomatous inflammation was diagnosed. Intestinal tuberculosis is most frequent in the ileocecal area, followed by the ascending colon, transverse colon, duodenum, stomach, and sigmoid colon, in descending order. Hence, we report a case of intestinal tuberculosis in the sigmoid colon, which is rare and almost indistinguishable from colon cancer.