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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica Pretendeu-se com este trabalho fazer uma revisão da literatura relativa à Inclusão em Contexto Escolar, apresentando uma reflexão relativa ao facto de que em que medida, o novo Decreto-Lei que estabelece o Regime Jurídico da Educação Inclusiva em Portugal, o Decreto-Lei nº54/2018, promove as práticas da Educação Inclusiva. Porém, e tendo em conta a presente conjuntura de Pandemia de SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 em que nos encontramos, acresceu à nossa reflexão a questão de como aplicar, em contexto educativo, estratégias inclusivas ajustadas aos tempos de pandemia, promotoras de uma escola inclusiva, na realidade Portuguesa. Deste modo, procedeu-se a uma revisão de literatura subordinada aos temas (Inclusão, Educação Inclusiva, Covid-19, Pandemia), tendo em conta a informação produzida a partir de 2015 e informação de 2020 relativa à COVID-19, havendo, porém, alguns documentos que pela sua importância e conteúdo ainda atual têm data anterior. Realizou-se uma análise das conclusões a que os diversos autores chegaram, o que permitiu colocar em evidência as características, dimensões e estratégias relativas à Inclusão em Contexto Educativo, bem como evidenciar o impacto da Pandemia em geral e da COVID-19 em particular ao nível das práticas em contexto escolar, focando-se na realidade Portuguesa, identificando os procedimentos que procuraram manter as práticas inclusivas. As conclusões permitiram observar, por um lado, que o Decreto-Lei nº54/2018 apresenta uma boa base de sustentação teórica, preconizando uma política inclusiva, pois enquadra-se nos objetivos e estratégias a adotar para uma escola inclusiva preconizados pelos diversos acordos/declarações globais e pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, ODS4 – Educação de Qualidade (ONU, ODS4 da Agenda 2030). Por outro, ao nível das práticas, ainda há que investir na formação dos professores por forma a dotá-los de estratégias pedagógicas que contemplem esta nova abordagem, reduzir a burocracia inerente à implementação das medidas preconizadas no Decreto-Lei, incrementar a interação da Escola com as Famílias e a Comunidade bem como o envolvimento dos alunos no seu percurso educativo e proceder às alterações físicas das estruturas dos equipamentos escolares, por forma a que, por exemplo, um cadeirante possa ter acesso a toda a escola. Por fim, ao nível das práticas inclusivas em tempos de pandemia, e dentro das dimensões consideradas importantes para a Inclusão (participação, sucesso e presença), alunos e suas famílias e pessoal docente e não docente ficaram limitados nas suas ações, em virtude dos constrangimentos provocados pela mesma. The aim of this work was to review the literature on Inclusion in School Context, reflecting on the fact that, to what extent, the new Decree-Law establishing the Legal Regime for Inclusive Education in Portugal, Decree-Law nº 54/2018, promotes Inclusive Education practices. However, and taking into account the current situation of the SARS-VOC-2 COVID-19 pandemic in which we find ourselves, the question of how to apply, in an educational context, inclusive strategies adjusted to pandemic times, promoting a inclusive school, in the Portuguese reality. Thus, a literature review was carried out on the themes (Inclusion, Inclusive Education, Covid-19, Pandemia), taking into account the information produced from 2015 and information from 2020 related to COVID-19, although there is, however, some documents that due to their importance and still current content have an earlier date. An analysis of the conclusions reached by the various authors was carried out, which made it possible to highlight the characteristics, dimensions and strategies related to Inclusion in the Educational Context, as well as to highlight the impact of Pandemic in general and COVID-19 in particular on level of practices in the school context, focusing on the Portuguese reality, identifying the procedures that sought to maintain inclusive practices. The conclusions allowed us to observe, on the one hand, that Decree-Law nº54 / 2018 pre-sents a good theoretical support base, advocating an inclusive policy, as it fits into the objec-tives and strategies to be adopted for an inclusive school advocated by the various agreements / declarations and the Sustainable Development Goals, SDG4 - Quality Education (UN, SDG4 of Agenda 2030). On the other hand, in terms of practices, it is still necessary to invest in the training of teachers in order to provide them with pedagogical strategies that contemplate this new approach, to reduce the bureaucracy inherent in the implementation of the measures rec-ommended in the Decree-Law, to increase the interaction of the School with Families and the Community, as well as the involvement of students in their educational path and to make physical changes to the structures of school equipment, so that, for example, a wheelchair user can have access to the entire school. On the other hand, at the level of inclusive practices in times of pandemic, and within the dimensions considered important for Inclusion (participation, sucess and presence), students and their families and teaching and non-teaching staff were limited in their actions, due to constraints caused by it.

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The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of leaf removal on Touriga Nacional berry temperature and consequent thermal efficiency for anthocyanins biosynthesis. The field experiment was located at Dão Wine Research Station, Nelas, Portugal in an adult vineyard planted with North-South oriented rows, with the red grape variety Touriga Nacional grafted on 110R rootstock. The vines were trained on a vertical shoot positioning, spur-pruned on a bilateral Royat cordon system and deficit irrigated (50% ETc). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications of twelve vines per elemental plot, and the following two treatments: basal leaf removal (LR) and a control non-defoliated (ND). Berry temperature (Tb) was measured continuously during the second half (3rd to 19th September) of the 2009 ripening period using two-junction, fine-wires copper-constantan thermocouples manually inserted into the berries and connected to a data logger. A sample of clusters located in different canopy positions (exposed and internal; facing East and West) of 4 vines per treatment were used. To quantify the effect of Tb on anthocyanins biosynthesis, the berry hourly mean temperatures were converted into normal heat hours (NHH) and accumulated per day (NHHd) and per monitoring period (NHHc). For quantification of thermal requirements for anthocyanins synthesis and accumulation, a minimum of 10°C, a maximum of 35°C, and an optimum of 26°C were used. Meteorological variables were measured at an automatic weather station installed within the experimental plot. For all days of the monitoring period, daily average berry temperature (dTb) of all monitored berries was lower in ND treatment than in LR, being the maximum differences between treatments registered on 11th September. The highest dTb differences between treatments were registered on the clusters located at the west side of the canopy on 7th September while dTb of the clusters located in the centre of the canopy was less affected by leaf removal. The control non-defoliated treatment (ND) presented a significantly higher NHHc than that of LR being the higher differences presented by the clusters located in the west side. The lowest differences in NHHc were obtained in the clusters located in the centre of the canopy. Our results show that the thermal efficiency for berry anthocyanins accumulation was significantly affected by leaf removal and that this effect was dependent of the meteorological conditions, time of the day and berry/cluster location into the vine canopy.

Submitted by Margarida Galamba (galamba@isa.utl.pt) on 2014-01-22T10:09:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REP-C.Lopes-2-Gouveia et al 2013 Ciencia e Técnica Vitivinícola, 28, Tomo I-1.pdf: 657421 bytes, checksum: b00cae7964504dc6aeb3da1fbe01dd1a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-22T10:09:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REP-C.Lopes-2-Gouveia et al 2013 Ciencia e Técnica Vitivinícola, 28, Tomo I-1.pdf: 657421 bytes, checksum: b00cae7964504dc6aeb3da1fbe01dd1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013

Proceedings - 17 th International Symposium GIESCO, Asti, Italy, 2011 In order to validate a model of vine transpiration based on radiative surface temperature a field trial was conducted in a vineyard in the Dão region, centre of Portugal, with the cultivar “Touriga Nacional”. The model is based on the partition of net radiation between the components of the canopy (vines, soil, and grass cover), considering that the vines and the undercover (soil plus grass cover) act separately and in parallel. Thus, the latent heat flux from the vines to the atmosphere (lTc) is determined from vine net radiation (Rnc) and sensible heat flux (Hc). The partition of net radiation (Rn) between the undercover (Rns) and the vines (Rnc) is made considering the exponential form for radiation extinction, with the coefficient of extinction being corrected with a factor dependent on the zenital solar angle (j) while leaf area index (LAI) is corrected with a clumping factor, Ω(φ). Sensible heat flux from the vines (Hc) is calculated from radiative temperature (Tc) considering that the fluxes from the different origins are independent and that there are two resistances in series between the canopy and the atmosphere: the leaf boundary layer resistance (raHc) and the aerodynamic resistance of the crop (raH). Besides the estimation of the daily values of transpiration, the model allows to study the evolution of the different components of the radiation balance throughout the day. The daily evolution of the evaporation fraction from the vines (FEc) can be approximated by a concave curve. Values of FEc > 1 show that, under certain circumstances and periods of the day, energy used for transpiration (lTc) is greater than crop net radiation, which indicates that there are exchanges of energy between the several components of the surface, namely when evaporative demand from the atmosphere is high and there are no soil water restrictions. The model also shows that, regardless of the soil water status, transpiration is a big part of Rn when these values are low (in the beginning of the morning and late afternoon).

Com base em medidas efectuadas numa amostra de sarmentos da casta Jaen colhidos periodicamente ao longo do ciclo vegetativo, seleccionaram-se as melhores variáveis explicativas para estimativa da área foliar de um sarmento. Para a estimativa da área foliar principal apresenta-se um modelo baseado em duas variáveis, a área da menor folha principal e a área foliar média principal do sarmento, obtida através do produto da média da área da maior e menor folhas principais, pelo número de folhas principais. Para a estimativa da área foliar secundária do sarmento o modelo seleccionado é também baseado em duas variáveis explicativas, a área foliar média secundária do sarmento, calculada de modo análogo ao referido para a área foliar principal, e a área da maior folha secundária. A boa capacidade preditiva dos modelos apresentados indica que se pode estimar, com um baixo erro e de uma forma não destrutiva, a área foliar principal e secundária de um sarmento em qualquer fase do ciclo biológico. A simplicidade, rapidez e baixo custo inerente à medição das variáveis físicas no campo faz destes modelos uma ferramenta importante para a investigação em viticultura, permitindo uma estimativa mais expedita e frequente da área foliar. À partir des mesures sur un échantillon des sarments du cépage Jaen, ramassés périodiquement pendant le cycle végétatif, on a sélectionné les meilleures variables explicatives pour estimer la surface foliaire. Pour l’estimation de la surface foliaire principale par sarment ont présente un modèle développé à partir d’une régression multiple de deux variables explicatives: la surface foliaire moyenne principale par sarment, calculé à partir de la multiplication de la moyen des surfaces des feuilles maximale et minimale par le nombre de feuilles principales, et la surface de la feuille minimale. Pour l’estimation de la surface foliaire secondaire le módele sélectionné a été aussi développé à partir de deux variables explicatives: la surface foliaire moyen secondaire par sarment, calculé de la même façon, et la surface de la feuille maximale. La bonne performance prédictive de ces modèles montre qui ont peut estimer de façon précise et non destructive, la surface foliaire principale et secondaire d’un sarment de vigne dans toutes les périodes du cycle végétatif. La simplicité, vitesse et bas coût relatif à la mesure des variables au champ, fait de ces modèles un outil très important pour la recherche en viticulture. Empirical models for non-destructive estimation of grapevine leaf area of the red variety Jaen are presented. Primary leaf area per shoot is estimated by a model using two variables: a calculated variable, obtained from the average of the largest and smallest primary leaf area multiplied by the number of primary leaves, and the area of the smallest primary leaf. For lateral leaf area per shoot another model using the same type of calculated variable plus the area of the largest lateral leaf is also presented. The good predicting capability show that the presented models can predict, using a non-destructive, simple and accurate method, primary and lateral grapevine leaf area per shoot in any growth stage. The simplicity, easiness and low cost of measuring the field variables needed make the models a powerful tool for vine researchers, consultants and even for advanced growers allowing a more frequent evaluation of vine leaf area.