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To examine changes in the proportions of daily, weekly and occasional consumers of sugar-sweetened soda in six European countries that introduced/updated a tax between 2001-2002 and 2017-2018 and in neighbouring comparison countries (without a tax)., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This study aimed to estimate disparities in dietary habits according to the individual and contextual socioeconomic status (SES), while taking into account school nutrition-related characteristics. Data came from the 2018 cross-sectional "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) survey. Multilevel multiple logistic regressions were performed. Over two-thirds of the observed variance was explained by individual and school characteristics, with SES being the main contributors. For example, 76.9% of the variance in daily sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was explained by individual and school characteristics. Adolescents of a secondary or lower parental education level were more likely to consume SSB daily than those of a post-secondary level (aOR = 1.46 (1.29-1.66)). Compared to those in a high SES school, the odds to consume SSB daily was higher for adolescents in low SES schools (aOR = 2.37(1.90-2.96)). These findings support the need for schools to pursue a consistent nutrition policy, with an increased support in low socioeconomic populations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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This study analyzes the associations between living arrangements after a parental separation, and the adolescent’s selfrated health and life satisfaction in French-speaking Belgium. Data are based on 39,294 adolescents who participated in the three waves of the cross-sectional HBSC survey. Among adolescents living with separated parents, the self-rated health was not associated with living arrangements after adjustment forthe perception of family wealth and the ability to communicate with parents. Adolescent’s life satisfaction was not associated with living arrangement when controlled for perceived family wealth in 2014 and controlled for quality of communication with parents in 2010 and 2018., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This study aims to estimate cost variations according to diet quality and sociodemographic characteristics in children. Data (n = 1,596; 5–17 y) from the Belgian National Food Consumption Survey were used. The “Kidmed index” and dietary patterns (DP) identified through principal component analysis were used to assess diet quality. Daily diet cost was estimated after linking the consumed foods with the GfK ConsumerScan panel food prices. The mean diet cost was 4.68€/day (SEM: 0.05). Adjusted for covariates and energy intake, the mean diet cost was 9.1% higher in the highest Kidmed adherence (vs. the lowest) and 6.2% higher in the tercile T3 (vs. T1) of the “Healthy” DP score. It was 4.8% lower in the T3 (vs. T1) for the “Junk food” DP score. Diet cost was higher in 12–17 year-olds (vs. 5–11 years) and in medium and high educated household (vs. the lowest). These findings support policies to make healthy diets more affordable., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Dietary habits are influenced by various determinants that may evolve over time. This study aimed to examine, among adolescents in Belgium, trends in the dietary habits between 1990 and 2014 and to determine changes in family and regional disparities related to diet during this time period. In the 1990, 2002 and 2014 cross-sectional “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” (HBSC) surveys, food consumption was estimated using a short Food Frequency Questionnaire. The Relative Index of Inequality (RII) enabled quantification of the gradients of inequality related to the family structure and to the region for non-daily fruit and vegetable and daily sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Between 1990 and 2014, the prevalence of non-daily fruit consumption increased from 27.7% to 60.6%, whereas the daily SSB consumption decreased from 58.9% to 34.8%. Over time, a downward trend in family disparities (p = 0.007) was observed for daily fruit consumption (RII: 1.58 (1.33–1.88) to 1.18 (1.13–1.23)). An upward trend in region-related disparities (p < 0.001) for SSB was found (RII: 1.15 (1.07–1.23) to 1.37 (1.28–1.47)). The overall trend of increasing disparities when dietary habits improved and decreasing disparities when dietary habits worsened highlights the need to implement actions that improve overall dietary habits while ensuring that disparities do not increase., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Early alcohol consumption can irreversible damage the adolescents' brain and may affect their quality of life. In order to better prevent such a deleterious behaviour, knowing its determinants is needed. So far, only few studies among adolescents aged <15 years exist, of which the majority failed to include gender differences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether gender differences in the association between alcohol use and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics among 10-14-year olds exist., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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info:eu-repo/semantics/published

En 2018, la onzième édition de l’enquête «Health Behaviour in School-aged Children» (HBSC) a été menée dans les écoles francophones deBelgique. Cette enquête internationale, menée dans près de 50 pays sous le patronage du Bureau Régional de l’Organisation Mondiale de laSanté pour l’Europe, a pour objectif de collecter des informations sur les comportements de santé, l’état de santé et le bien-être des adolescents. En 2018, environ 14 000 adolescents scolarisés de la 5e primaire à la 7e secondaire ont participé à cette enquête en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. Cette brochure décrit leurs habitudes en matière d’alimentation, d’activité physique, de sédentarité et de sommeil. Il s’agit d’un ensemble de comportements qui jouent en effet un rôle clé pour leur bien-être tant physique que psychologique. Plusieurs habitudes alimentaires défavorables à la santé sont fréquentes à ces âges, comme la consommation régulière de boissons sucrées et de fast-food, ou l’absence d’une consommation quotidienne de fruits, légumes et de petit-déjeuner… Par ailleurs, seuls 11 % des adolescents ont un niveau d’activité physique suffisant, près 70 % des adolescents passent deux heures par jour ou plus devant la télévision, et 40 % ne dorment pas suffisamment. D’importantes disparités selon le genre et le niveau et l’orientation scolaires sont mises en évidence. Ces résultats montrent la présence de marges d’amélioration importantes concernant ces comportements liés à la santé chez les adolescents. Ils contribuent à l’élaboration et à l’amélioration de politiques et d’interventions visant à promouvoir des comportements favorables à la santé et au bien-être des adolescents en Belgique francophone., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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L’enquête «Health Behaviour in School-aged Children» (HBSC) est une enquête internationale, menée dans près de 50 pays sous le patronage du Bureau Régional de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé pour l’Europe, dans l’objectif de collecter des informations sur les comportements de santé, l’état de santé et le bien-être des adolescents. En Belgique francophone, cette enquête est menée tous les quatre ans depuis 1986, auprès des élèves de la 5e primaire à la fin du secondaire. La répétition de l’enquête, de manière standardisée, permet de suivre l’évolution de différents indicateurs de santé au cours du temps. Certaines évolutions favorables sont mises en évidence, notamment la baisse depuis 2002, du tabagisme quotidien, de la consommation hebdomadaire de boissons alcoolisées et de la consommation hebdomadaire de cannabis chez les élèves de l’enseignement secondaire. Les évolutions d’autres comportements sont plus nuancées. Par exemple, la proportion d’adolescents consommant quotidiennement des boissons sucrées est passée d’environ 60 % en 1990 à 30 % en 2010, mais stagne depuis lors à ce niveau. Enfin, des évolutions défavorables ont été mises en évidence :parmi d’autres, la pratique quotidienne d’activité physique a diminué entre 2006 et 2018, tandis que le temps passé devant des écrans, que ce soit devant la télévision, les jeux vidéo ou internet, a augmenté de manière importante au cours de cette période. Une augmentation de la proportion d’élèves de secondaire en surpoids ou obèses a également été observée entre 1992 (11 %) et 2018 (18 %). Au total, ces évolutions mettent en évidence les domaines pour lesquels les actions de prévention et les politiques de promotion de la santé développées ont porté leurs fruits, mais aussi ceux pour lesquels actions de terrain et politiques publiques devraient être renforcées ou réorientées., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Evidence on whether healthy diets are more expensive than less healthy diets is mixed. The relative cost of meeting healthy diet guidelines in Belgium was estimated., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Background: This study estimated the monetary cost of diets with higher and lower caloric shares of ultraprocessed food products (UPF) and unprocessed/minimally processed foods (MPF) in Belgium for various sociodemographic groups. Methods: Data from the latest nationally representative Food Consumption Survey (FCS) 2014–2015 (n = 3146; 3–64 years) were used. Dietary data were collected through two nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls (food diaries for children). Average prices for >2000 food items (year 2014) were derived from GfK ConsumerScan panel data and linked with foods consumed in the FCS. Foods eaten were categorized by their extent of processing using the NOVA classification. The average caloric share (percentage of daily energy intake) of UPF and MPF were calculated. The mean diet cost was compared across the UPF and MPF contribution tertiles, using linear regression. Results: The average price per 100 kcal for UPF was significantly cheaper (EUR 0.55; 95%CI = 0.45–0.64) than for MPF (EUR 1.29; 95% CI = 1.27–1.31). UPF contributed between 21.9% (female adults) and 29.9% (young boys), while MPF contributed between 29.5% (male adolescents) and 42.3% (female adults) to the daily dietary cost. The contribution of MPF to the daily dietary cost was significantly higher for individuals with a higher household education level compared to those with a lower household education level (p < 0.01). Adjusted for covariates, the average dietary cost per 2000 kcal was significantly lower for individuals in the highest compared to the lowest tertile for the proportion of daily energy consumed from UPF (EUR −0.37 ± 0.13; p = 0.006), and significantly higher for individuals in the highest compared to the lowest tertile for proportion of daily energy consumed from MPF (EUR 1.18 ± 0.12, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Diets with a larger caloric share of UPF were significantly cheaper than those with a lower contribution of these products, while the opposite was found for MPF. Policies that, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Objectives: To investigate sex differences in sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of frequent energy drink (ED) consumption in adolescents. Study design: This study was based on data collected among French-speaking Belgian adolescents aged 11–20 years (n = 8137) within the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Methods: Multiple logistic analyses stratified by sex were performed to estimate the associations between consuming EDs more than once a week, and various sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Results: Overall, 14.0% of boys and 7.6% of girls consumed ED more than once a week. For both genders, the likelihood of consuming ED more than once a week was higher among adolescents consuming soft drinks daily (vs. < daily), alcohol weekly (vs. < weekly), spending at least 5 h/day in front of screens (vs. < 5 h/day), and going to bed later than 11:30 PM (vs. ≤ 10:00 PM). Among boys, adolescents reporting at least 1 h of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily (vs. < 1 h/day MVPA) were more likely to consume ED more than once a week (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) = 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.01)). Among girls, adolescents from low affluence families (vs. high affluence) (aOR = 2.03 (95% CI 1.19–3.48)) and immigrants (vs. natives) (2nd generation: aOR = 1.75 (95% CI 1.31–2.32); 1st generation: aOR = 1.90 (95% CI 1.20–3.03)) were more likely to consume ED more than once a week. Conclusions: We identified different patterns of ED consumption in boys and girls. These results suggest that sex-tailored interventions could be relevant to reduce ED consumption in adolescents., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published