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Hip preservation surgery is now an established part of orthopedic surgery and sports medicine. This report describes the key findings of the 11th Annual Scientific Meeting of International Society for Hip Arthroscopy—the International Hip Preservation Society—in Madrid, Spain from 16 to 19 October 2019. Lectures, seminars and debates explored the most up-to-date and expert views on a wide variety of subjects, including: diagnostic problems in groin pain, buttock pain and low back pain; surgical techniques in acetabular dysplasia, hip instability, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, labral repair and reconstruction, cartilage defects, adolescent hips and gluteus medius and hamstring tears; and new ideas about femoral torsion, hip–spine syndrome, hip capsule surgery, impact of particular sports on hip injuries, registries, robotics and training for hip preservation specialists. Surgeons, sports physicians, radiologists and physiotherapists looking after young people with hip problems have an increasingly sophisticated armoury of ideas and techniques with which to help their patients. The concept of hip preservation has developed incredibly fast over the last decade; now it is clear that the best results can only be achieved by a multidisciplinary team working together. The 2020s will be the decade of ‘Teamwork in Hip Preservation’.

The supposed irrelevance of historical costs for rational decision making has been the subject of much interest in the economic literature. In this paper we explore whether individual decision making under risk is affected by the cost of information. To do so one must distinguish the effect of cost from self selection by individuals who value information the most. Outside of the laboratory it is difficult to disentangle these two effects. We thus create an experimental environment where subjects are o¤ered additional, useful and identical information on the state of the world across treatments. We find a systematic effect of sunk costs on the manner in which subjects update their beliefs. Subjects over-weigh costly information relatively to free information, which results in a ‘push’of beliefs towards the extremes. This shift does not necessarily lead to behavior more attuned with Bayesian updating. We find that an intensification of representativeness bias due to cost is the most likely explanation of our results.

Published online: 24 June 2017 This paper presents an experimental study on the relationship between other-regarding preferences, in-group bias and political participation. We conjecture that subjects who are more other-regarding and exhibit higher in-group bias are more likely to bear the costs of participating in group action. Using a participation game, we implement laboratory elections in which two groups compete for victory. We induce different levels of in-group bias across subjects in order to implement treatments in which the competing groups are either highly biased towards the own group vis-à-vis the other one or are characterized by low levels of such in-group bias. Our results show that, at the aggregate level, participation is higher in environments where in-group bias is more pronounced. Furthermore, the least other-regarding subjects participate much less often that others, while the more other-regarding sustain high participation levels. These findings suggest that interpersonal preferences and intergroup bonds can explain the higher participation of close-knit (political) groups observed in the field.

Interest of in vitro methods has grown exponentially throughout the years especially due to the ethical problems surrounding the use of animals in in vivo studies. Cell-based assays for the isolation of hepatocytes using enzymatic methods have been credited in fish toxicology and play a substantial role in the propagation of in vitro methodologies, having been implemented with various degrees of success to a variety of fish species, especially in freshwater species. Isolated hepatocytes provide an optimal system to study the role of hepatic metabolism in the activation of environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For these reasons, the present work focused on the optimization of the isolation of two marine fish hepatocytes (P. maxima and S. aurata) using two enzymatic methods of isolation, pancreatin digestion and 2-step collagenase perfusion, for posterior validation in cytotoxicity testing. The two main parameters studied were cell viability and yield after isolation. Cell viability was assessed via the Trypan blue exclusion test and cell yield was counted with the use of a hemocytometer. The pancreatin method accounted for better overall cell yield and also produced the highest viability out of all experiments. Pancreatin digestion isolations also produced purer cultures, largely with 100% viability, which was made possible by way of modifications made during isolations, such as the use of histopaque for blood cell separation and addition of another smaller mesh filter (60 μm) to achieve better purity and fewer cell debris, respectively. A cytotoxicity assay was also performed using the MTT colorimetric assay to access cell viability after contamination with Phenanthrene and Benzo[b]fluoranthene, two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of interest for cytotoxicity studies. Viabilities after contamination with both compounds only exhibited small variability demonstrating no dose-response curve, likely due to factors such as intra-species individual variability and the precipitation of contaminants in the highest concentrations, which might have affected absorbance readings and could cause misleading cell viabilities. Therefore, we call for further studies to access the cytotoxic effect on P. maxima and S. aurata by Phe and B[b]f. In conclusion, the research showed that the best method for isolation was the pancreatin digestion and the marine fish primary hepatocyte cultures obtained are suitable for the application in cytotoxicity assays.

This paper studies experimentally how the endogeneity of sanctioning institutions affects the severity of punishment in social dilemmas. We allow individuals to vote on the introduction of third-party-administered sanctions, and compare situations in which the adoption of this institution is endogenously decided via majority voting to situations in which it is exogenously imposed by the experimenter. Our experimental design addresses the self-selection and signaling effects that arise when subjects can vote on the institutional setting. We find that punishment is significantly higher when the sanctioning institution is exogenous, which can be explained by a difference in the effectiveness of punishment. Subjects respond to punishment more strongly when the sanctioning institution is endogenously chosen. As a result, a given cooperation level can be reached through milder punishment when third-party sanctions are endogenous. However, overall efficiency does not differ across the two settings as the stricter punishment implemented in the exogenous one sustains high cooperation as subjects interact repeatedly.

This article presents the first experiment exploring the impact of debarments - the exclusion of colluding bidders - on collusion in procurement auctions. We find that debarments and their most common alternative, fines, reduce collusion and bids relative to a market with no sanction. The deterrent effect of debarments increases in their length. However, shorter debarments reduce efficiency and increase the bids of non-debarred bidders. This suggests that debarments that are too lenient may trigger tacit collusion among the bidders who remain in the market, thereby facilitating the very behavior they aim to deter.

We experimentally study the relationship between other-regarding preferences, group identity and political participation. In doing so, we propose a novel group identity induction procedure that succeeds in creating environments where in-group bias is either high or low. At the individual level, we find that both altruistic subjects and group identifiers participate above average. The most competitive subjects participate much less often than other types, while the most altruistic subjects manage to sustain high participation levels. At the aggregate level, we observe only few statistically significant differences between environments where group identity is high and low. This suggests that the higher participation observed in field settings for close-knit (political) groups might be due to underlying mobilization processes rather than a heightened sense of group-belonging.

In this note we begin by replicate the results in “Schooling Quality in a Cross-Section of Countries†[Barro and Lee 2001, Economica 68]. Then, we go further and show that results can be different when more meaningful variables are considered. In particular, school inputs lessen their effects in some specifications, approximating the macroeconomic result from the microeconomic ones.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015 Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa (repositorio@medicina.ulisboa.pt) on 2017-01-06T14:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePMPereira.pdf: 148060 bytes, checksum: fc9065147c01f4197031fde3a93d0f2b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-06T17:09:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePMPereira.pdf: 148060 bytes, checksum: fc9065147c01f4197031fde3a93d0f2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015

Classificação JEL: G11, G15 A presente dissertação propõe-se a introduzir de um ponto de vista geral a historia das Inflation-Linked Bonds (ILBs), coloquialmente conhecidas como linkers, dos países Europeus desenvolvidos e com especial enfoque em Franca, Alemanha e Italia sendo que estes são os principais emitentes de linkers excluindo o Reino Unido. Para alem da historia, a mecânica destes instrumentos assim como alguns dos conceitos base relacionados, tal como breakeven inflation rates, serão apresentados de forma a explicar como funcionam as ILBs e providenciam proteção contra a inflação. Adicionalmente, aponta para o estudo de alguns indicadores que ajudem, da perspetiva de um investidor, a concluir sobre os benefícios da inclusão de ILBs num portfolio. As principais conclusões a obter são esperadas estar relacionadas com diversificação e alocação de ativos num portfolio através da analise de correlações com ações e obrigações nominais assim como através de uma abordagem a partir do conceito da fronteira eficiente. This dissertation proposes to introduce an historical overview on European developed countries’ inflation-linked bonds (ILBs), colloquially known as linkers, with a special focus on France, German and Italian, since these countries are the main issuers of ILBs in the Europe excluding the United Kingdom. Besides from the history, the mechanics of these instruments as well as some key concepts as breakeven inflation rates will be presented showing how do ILBs work and provide inflation risk hedging. Further, this thesis aims to study some indicators that will help to conclude on the benefits of the inclusion of ILBs in a portfolio from the investor’s perspective. The main conclusions are expected to be related with diversification and portfolio asset allocation through the analysis of correlations with equities and nominal bonds as well as through an approach using the mean-variance efficient frontier framework.

We experimentally study the relationship between other-regarding preferences, group identity and political participation. In doing so, we propose a novel group identity induction procedure that succeeds in creating environments where in-group bias is either high or low. At the individual level, we find that both altruistic subjects and group identifiers participate above average. The most competitive subjects participate much less often than other types, while the most altruistic subjects manage to sustain high participation levels. At the aggregate level, we observe only few statistically significant differences between environments where group identity is high and low. This suggests that the higher participation observed in field settings for close-knit (political) groups might be due to underlying mobilization processes rather than a heightened sense of group-belonging.

The supposed irrelevance of historical costs for rational decision making has been the subject of much interest in the economic literature. In this paper we explore whether individual decision making under risk is affected by the cost of the supplied information. Outside of the lab, it is difficult to disentangle the effect of the cost of information itself from the effect of self-selection by individuals who tend to gain the most from this information. We thus create an environment in the lab where subjects are offered additional, useful and identical information on the state of the world across treatments. By varying the cost of information we can distinguish between selection and sunk cost effects. We find a systematic effect of sunk costs on the manner in which subjects update their beliefs on the state of the world. Subjects over-weigh costly information relatively to free information, which results in a 'push' of beliefs towards the extremes. This shift does not necessarily lead to behavior more attuned with Bayesian updating.

The supposed irrelevance of historical costs for rational decision making has been the subject of much interest in the economic literature. In this paper we explore whether individual decision making under risk is affected by the cost of the supplied information. Outside of the lab, it is difficult to disentangle the effect of the cost of information itself from the effect of self-selection by individuals who tend to gain the most from this information. We thus create an environment in the lab where subjects are offered additional, useful and identical information on the state of the world across treatments. By varying the cost of information we can distinguish between selection and sunk cost effects. We find a systematic effect of sunk costs on the manner in which subjects update their beliefs on the state of the world. Subjects over-weigh costly information relatively to free information, which results in a 'push' of beliefs towards the extremes. This shift does not necessarily lead to behavior more attuned with Bayesian updating.

This paper assesses empirically the effect of oil price shocks on Portuguese aggregate economic activity, industrial production and price level. We take the usual multivariate VAR methodology to investigate the magnitude and stability of this relationship. In doing so, we follow the approach presented in the recent literature and adopt different oil price specifications. We conclude that, as for most industrialized countries, the nature of this relationship changed in the mid-1980s. Furthermore, we show that the main Portuguese macroeconomic variables have become progressively less respon

This paper reviews the existing theoretical and empirical literature on self-interested voting and tries to assess the extent to which self-interest helps to explain and predict political behavior in large elections. Two particular aspects are analyzed, namely turnout decisions and political preference types. The paradox of positive turnout in large elections seems to be solved by rational choice models that adopt motives other than self-interest. The empirical evidence on preference types also supports a rejection of self-interest, pointing towards the alternative of sociotropic voting. It is suggested that rational choice models remain a compelling tool for understanding turnout decisions, and that further research dealing with the connection between the two mentioned aspects is needed.