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The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications.

O uso de plantas medicinais para fins terapêuticos é uma prática utilizada desde os primórdios da humanidade até os dias atuais. O Cerrado é considerado um hotspot de biodiversidade. De toda a diversidade florística existente no bioma há aproximadamente 220 espécies medicinais que são utilizadas diretamente pelo homem. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a percepção de moradores da Cidade de Goiás sobre o uso de plantas medicinais e os impactos ambientais sobre a vegetação do Cerrado. Foram feitas 40 entrevistas com moradores do Município através da abordagem direta com a utilização de um questionário semiestruturado, as perguntas foram relativas ao uso de plantas medicinais e a percepção dos impactos ambientais sobre a vegetação da região. As espécies mais citadas foram Lippia alba, Stryphnodendron adstringens, Lychnophora spp. e Vernonanthura polyanthes, a parte da planta mais utilizada é a folha, seguida da casca. Grande parte das pessoas identificam o Cerrado pelas plantas, a maioria citou Anacardium spp. e Caryocar brasiliense, 92% delas afirmaram perceber diminuição das plantas medicinais com o passar dos anos, o desmatamento foi apontado como a principal causa, seguido de extrativismo predatório. O uso de plantas medicinais na região da Cidade de Goiás é uma prática comum e importante para a população, no entanto, os entrevistados relataram que com o passar do tempo a vegetação tem diminuído devido a ação do homem. Desse modo torna-se necessário medidas de conscientização e proteção do Cerrado para a manutenção da biodiversidade e da cultura popular relacionada ao uso das plantas medicinais.

Fruto da cooperação entre o Brasil e a China, o CBERS (Satélite Sino-Brasileiro de Recursos Terrestres) é um programa ao desenvolvimento de satélites de sensoriamento remoto o qual tem contribuído ao entendimento de diversos fenômenos e ao gerenciamento territorial. Embora haja produção de conhecimento a partir de dados do programa CBERS, esta ainda não foi caracterizada na literatura científica global. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de uma análise cienciométrica, as tendências e lacunas dos estudos relacionados ao uso do CBERS. Considerando a base completa da plataforma ISI Web of Knowledge, foram pesquisados manuscritos que utilizaram ou analisaram o CBERS, resultando em 216 artigos, os quais foram examinados com base em 10 diferentes critérios. Foi observado um aumento significativo de artigos ao longo do tempo. O satélite CBERS-2 foi o mais utilizado, com o CCD sendo o mais frequente dentre os todos os sensores. Quando se empregou outro produto de sensoriamento remoto, os satélites do programa Landsat e os das plataformas Aqua e Terra (sensor MODIS) foram os mais observados. Foi identificado um viés relacionado à nacionalidade dos países mantenedores do programa, assim como a prevalência do idioma inglês. O ambiente terrestre foi onde se deu a maior parte dos estudos, ocasionando algumas lacunas a serem exploradas. Além do entendimento de como a comunidade científica internacional vem utilizando o CBERS à geração de conhecimento, a análise cienciométrica identificou o cumprimento do propósito pelo qual o programa foi concebido, a autonomia na geração de dados orbitais.

Brazilian watersheds have a high species and natural resources biodiversity. To know the features of scientific production on these regions is important to adjust study focus and to determine publication biases. This study aims at characterizing the scientific literature about Brazilian watersheds on scientometric grounds. For this purpose, we performed a search of articles in the ISI Web of Science database of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). The search returned 2,945 articles: 1,613 on the Amazon basin, 584 on the La Plata basin, 262 on the São Francisco basin, 190 on the Tocantins basin, 117 on the Southeast Coastal basin, 70 on the Eastern Northeast Coastal basin, 48 on the Parnaíba basin, 45 on the South Coastal basin, 14 on the North Coastal basin and two on the Western Northeast Coastal basin. The highest number of articles, journal diversity and impact factor was for the Amazon basin. Generally, the increase of the number of articles on the coastal basins over the years is lower. A keyword analysis shows that the study of most basins deals with similar subjects. However, researches on the Amazon and La Plata basins follow lines that are very different both from each other and from the other basins. In view of such results, incentives for new studies must focus on coastal basins. It is also recommended to submit works to good quality journals.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:42:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-01 Understanding how assemblages are structured in space and the factors promoting their distributions is one of the main goals in Ecology, however, studies regarding the distribution of organisms at larger scales remain biased towards terrestrial groups. We attempt to understand if the structure of stream fish metacommunities across a Neotropical ecoregion (Upper Paraná-drainage area of 820,000 km2) are affected by environmental variables, describing natural environmental gradient, anthropogenic impacts and spatial predictors. For this, we obtained 586 sampling points of fish assemblages in the ecoregion and data on environmental and spatial predictors that potentially affect fish assemblages. We calculated the local beta diversity (Local Contribution to Beta Diversity, LCBD) and alpha diversity from the species list, to be used as response variables in the partial regression models, while the anthropogenic impacts, environmental gradient and spatial factors were used as predictors. We found a high total beta diversity for the ecoregion (0.41) where the greatest values for each site sampled were located at the edges of the ecoregion, while richer communities were found more centrally. All sets of predictors explained the LCBD and alpha diversity, but the most important was dispersal variables, followed by the natural environmental gradient and anthropogenic impact. However, we found an increase in the models' prediction power through the shared effect. Results suggest that environmental filters (i.e. environmental variables such as climate, hydrology and anthropogenic impact) and dispersal limitation together shape fish assemblages of the Upper Paranáecoregion, showing the importance of using multiple sets of predictors to understand the processes structuring biodiversity distribution. Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática (Bioecol) Universidade Estadual de Goiás Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de Brasilia Laboratório de Ictiologia Setor de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do sul Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica UNESP Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Peixes Universidade Federal de Lavras Departamento de Ciências Ambientais (DCA) Universidade Federal de São Carlos Centro de Biologia Aquática Pontificia Universidade Católica de Goiás Laboratório de Biodiversidade-PPSTMA UniEVANGÉLICA Centro Integrado de Análise e Monitoramento Ambiental (CInAM) Universidade Estadual Do Mato Grosso Do sul Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica UNESP

Aim: Chlorophyll-a may be directly influenced by local variables and/or indirectly by land use and cover, once landscape modifications change limnological variables, which in turn affect the primary productivity of aquatic environments, e.g., streams. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of the local and landscape environmental components and assess the direct and indirect effects of these variables on sestonic chlorophyll-a concentration in 30 Cerrado streams (Santa Teresa River basin). Results All aquatic environments were oligotrophic during the study period. Only the local variables were important to explain chlorophyll-a variation (R2 = 0.27; P = 0.04). In addition, the path analysis showed that all variables used in the analysis influenced chlorophyll-a concentration more directly than indirectly. Conductivity was the most important variable to directly influence chlorophyll-a, followed by turbidity. Conclusion The large amount of remnant native vegetation in the basin indicates that the region studied is well preserved, which may explain the greater importance of local variables and the low effect of the landscape in explaining chlorophyll-a variation. Resumo Objetivo: A clorofila-a pode ser influenciada diretamente por variáveis locais e/ou indiretamente pelo cobertura e uso do solo, uma vez que alterações na paisagem promovem mudanças em variáveis limnológicas, o que por sua vez afeta a produtividade primária de ambientes aquáticos tais como riachos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a importância relativa dos componentes ambientais locais e de paisagem e verificar os efeitos diretos e indiretos dessas variáveis na concentração da clorofila-a planctônica em 30 riachos do Cerrado (Bacia do rio Santa Teresa). Resultados Os ambientes aquáticos durante o período de estudo foram oligotróficos. Somente as variáveis locais foram importantes para explicar a variação da clorofila-a (R2 = 0,27; P = 0,04). Além disso, a análise de caminhos demonstrou que todas as variáveis utilizadas na análise influenciaram mais de forma direta do que indiretamente a concentração de clorofila-a. Diretamente a condutividade foi a variável mais importante, seguida de turbidez. Conclusões A grande proporção de vegetação nativa remanescente na bacia indica que a região de estudo ainda é bastante preservada, o que pode explicar a maior importância das variáveis locais em detrimento do pequeno efeito da paisagem na variação da clorofila-a.

The use of lower taxonomic resolutions and ecological classifications can function as a strategy to minimize difficulties in plankton identification. To assess this issue, we evaluated the concordance of the spatial ordering of lakes in a floodplain using phytoplankton and zooplankton densities scaled at three taxonomic levels (species, genus, and family) and two exclusive ecological classifications for phytoplankton [Reynolds functional groups (RFGs) and morphology-based functional groups]. Furthermore, we evaluated the concordance of environmental variables with each taxonomic resolution/ecological classification. Procrustes and Mantel tests (simple and partial) were used for the concordance analysis. The correlations between species and higher taxonomic levels were found for phytoplankton and zooplankton. For the ecological classifications, significant r values, greater than 0.70, were obtained only for the Mantel test between species and RFGs. The relationship between species and genus and between species and family for phytoplankton can be explained by the environmental structure. For zooplankton, only species were related to environmental variables. These results indicate that it is possible to adopt a lower taxonomic resolution for identification of phytoplankton and zooplankton without a significant loss of information. However, the use of ecological classifications for phytoplankton is not recommended for this purpose.

The economic and scientific interest in Hancornia speciosa (mangabeira) has been growing in recent years, mainly due to the marketing of fruit and extraction of natural compounds with high pharmacological potential. In this study, a scientometric survey about mangabeira was carried out in order to promote and direct future studies on the species. As a result, low scientific productivity associated with this species was found, with only 131 articles published in the last 69 years. In addition, this study identified some trends in bibliographic production on mangabeira, among them: the increasing number of articles over the years; scientific dissemination in nationwide journals; the main focus of this study is associated with agronomic studies; the experimental approach is more frequent and usually associated with populations of restricted geographical distribution; and the scientific production is mainly from education institutions. Furthermore, this study also allowed the identification of some gaps in knowledge about mangabeira, among them the difficulty in describing and characterizing botanical lines; lack of analysis of the genetic diversity of widely distributed populations; lack of management and conservation projects for the species; lack of description of cultivation, collection and preservation techniques of fruits; and lack of identification of natural compounds responsible for its pharmacological activity. It is expected that the data generated in this study will serve to direct future studies on H. speciosa. RESUMO O interesse econômico e científico sobre Hancornia speciosa (mangabeira) vem crescendo nos últimos anos, devido principalmente à comercialização de seu fruto e extração de compostos naturais com alto potencial farmacológico. Neste estudo, foi realizado um levantamento cienciométrico sobre a mangabeira, com o objetivo de fomentar e direcionar futuras pesquisas sobre a espécie. Como resultado, verificou-se a baixa produtividade científica a respeito da espécie, com a publicação de apenas 131 artigos nos últimos 69 anos. Além disso, o presente estudo identificou algumas tendências na produção bibliográfica sobre a mangabeira, com destaque para: o aumento do número de artigos ao longo dos últimos anos; o fato de a divulgação científica ser realizada principalmente em revistas de âmbito nacional; a abordagem experimental ser mais frequente do que a abordagem teórico-descritiva; os trabalhos experimentais serem geralmente associados às populações de distribuição geográfica restrita; e a produção científica ser proveniente, principalmente, de Instituições de Ensino Superior. Por outro lado, este estudo também permitiu a identificação de algumas lacunas no conhecimento sobre a mangabeira, entre as quais se destacam: a dificuldade em descrever e caracterizar as linhagens botânicas; a falta de análise da diversidade genética de populações de ampla distribuição geográfica; a carência de projetos de manejo e de conservação da espécie; a falta de descrição de técnicas de cultivo, coleta e conservação de frutos; e a ausência da identificação dos compostos naturais responsáveis pela atividade de farmacógica. Espera-se que os dados gerados nesta pesquisa possam ser usados para direcionar futuros estudos sobre a planta.

The purpose of this study is to conduct a scientometric analysis of the global climate change (GCC) literature to identify the patterns, trends and biases in this research field. Data were obtained using the Thomson ISI database. A total of 5,444 articles on GCC were recorded, showing a temporal increase in the number of articles (r = 0.84; P < 0.0001). Most the articles look at the impact of climate change on geophysical variables, humans and vegetation. Few studies look at fungi, amphibians or reptiles (H = 24.6; P < 0.0001, N = 27). Principal component analysis revealed a temporal difference in the keywords associated with each article. In the first years we observed that the most frequent keywords indicated worry about the main causes of global climate change, but this shifted in more recent years towards keywords indicating concern with the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We argue that this scientometric study can help guide future climate change research and contribute to our understanding of several poorly studied areas.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment common to all photosynthetic cells of autotrophic organisms in aquatic or terrestrial environments. Techniques used to quantify this pigment include fluorescence, UV spectrophotometer, chromatography, HPLC, and remote sensing. Determination of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll - a (Chl-a), has been used widely in many areas of science. The present study investigated the state of the global scientific literature on Chl-a, determining the countries, approaches, and environments where Chl-a has been studied and the geographic scale used. To obtain this scientometric information, we conducted a study from the Scopus database over a 21-year period from 1990 through 2011. This period saw significant increases in the number of publications (r=0.84 and P< 0.001), different journals where publications appeared (160 journals), major papers with a multidisciplinary character, and a predominance of descriptive approaches with studies conducted in aquatic and marine habitats at a regional scale. The country with the highest number of publications was China (21.64% of total papers; location of study), and the USA had the highest number of authors (19.52% of total papers). The main determining factor for publications was socioeconomic (according to model selection criteria; AIC). This study highlight the multidisciplinary use of Chl-a, and may give some directions to new studies about this pigment.

O Cerrado (Savana brasileira) e o segundo maior bioma brasileiro, sendo considerado um hotspot de biodiversidade, pois apresenta elevado endemismo e esta sob intensa ameaca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi destacar as tendencias das publicacoes sobre o Cerrado, detectar possiveis lacunas e indicar direcoes futuras para trabalhos cientificos nesse bioma. Foi realizada uma busca de artigos utilizando-se a base de periodicos do Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), entre os anos de 1991 a 2012. Foi observado um aumento significativo de artigos ao longo dos anos (r=0,89; P

O uso e ocupacao do solo de forma desordenada leva a degradacao ambiental e perda de recursos. Este cenario tem sido observado para o Cerrado. A vegetacao do bioma tem sido intensamente convertida ao longo do tempo para diversos fins. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso e cobertura do solo atraves de uma serie historica de 28 anos na bacia do rio Santa Teresa, estado de Goias. Foram obtidas imagens dos satelites Landsat 5 e 8 para os anos de 1985, 1997 e 2013. As imagens foram processadas usando o programa ENVI 4.7 e ArcGIS 10.0. De 1985 ate 2013 houve uma reducao de 17,22% da vegetacao natural, que tem sido convertida principalmente em areas de pastagem para a criacao de gado. Alem disso, areas com solo exposto tambem tem aumentado, reflexo, principalmente, das atividades agropecuarias. A bacia do rio Santa Teresa tem uma grande area de vegetacao remanescente (70,37% da area da bacia em 2013), entretanto, ressaltamos a necessidade de esforcos da comunidade cientifica para inventariar os recursos naturais, pois a bacia carece de estudos cientificos, e, com isso, buscar maneiras de conservar o que resta antes que seja degradado, visto que mudancas na cobertura do solo tem ocorrido ao longo do tempo. A B S T R A C T The use and occupation of soil in a disorganized way leads to environmental degradation and loss of resources. This scenario has been observed for the Cerrado. The vegetation biome has been extensively converted over time for various purposes. The study aimed to evaluate the use of land through a historical series in Santa Teresa river watershed in Goias state. Satellite images Landsat 5 and 8 for the years 1985, 1997 and 2013 were obtained. Images were processed using ENVI 4.7 and ArcGIS 10.0. From 1985 until 2013 there was a reduction of 17.22% of the natural vegetation which has been converted mainly grazing areas for cattle breeding. In addition, areas with exposed soil has also increased, mainly reflecting the livestock activities. The watershed of the river Santa Teresa has a large remaining green area (70.37% of the watershed area in 2013), however, we emphasize the need for efforts of the scientific community to inventory the natural resources because the watershed lacks scientific studies and thus find ways to conserve, before it is degraded. Keywords: Cerrado, Conservation, Geoprocessing Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; line-height:15.95pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

In this study, we determined the temporal trends of publications by Brazilian authors on phytoplankton and compared these trends to those of other Latin American countries as well as to the 14 countries ranking ahead of Brazil in terms of scientific publication. To do this, we investigated phytoplankton studies published in an international database (Thomson-ISI). The data showed that Brazil plays an important role among other Latin American countries in the publication of these studies. Moreover, the trend of studies published on phytoplankton in Brazil was similar to trends recorded in the developed countries of the world. We conclude that studies can be more deliberately targeted to reduce national and international asymmetries by focusing on projects with large spatial scales and projects that concentrate on less-studied geographic regions, thus encouraging increased productivity in remote areas of the country. Associated with this is a necessary increase in high-impact journal publications, increasing the quantity and quality of Brazilian scientific studies on phytoplankton and, consequently, their global visibility.