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Despite the huge difference in land coverage between mountains and lowlands, most species are indeed found in mountains and foothills. The causes of this pattern have challenged biogeographers and evolutionary biologists. The Espinhaço and Mantiqueira Ranges are large mountain ranges from eastern Brazil that are global biodiversity hotspots located between the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF) and the Cerrado. However, Espinhaço and Mantiqueira species diversity may still be underestimated, either due taxonomic complexity or morphological cryptic species complexes. Two hylid frogs, Bokermannohyla nanuzae and Bokermannohyla feioi, are endemic, respectively, distributed in these two mountain ranges. These species were recently synonymized based on traditional taxonomy. We used data from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene 16S and two nuclear genes to undertake phylogenetic and network, distance-based, and multispecies coalescent analyses on B. nanuzae, B. feioi, and an extensive outgroup dataset. We tested the monophyly of B. nanuzae, as well as the presence of candidate new species. Based on 16S phylogenetic analysis, We recovered B. nanuzae as paraphyletic, with B. sagarana nested within it. We recovered two main groups, with the geographic distribution generally corresponding to the Cerrado and AF boundaries. Probably due to ancestral polymorphism, both nuclear haplotype genealogies failed to distinguish B. nanuzae from the former B. feioi and/or from B. sagarana. The time-calibrated mtDNA tree revealed that B. martinsi, B. sagarana, and B. nanuzae have diverged during the Late Miocene, subsequently splitting into the remaining species/lineages during the Plio-Pleistocene. Taken together, our distance-based barcode and nuclear Bayesian analyses identified the former B. feioi, referred to as the AF group, as a distinct evolutionary lineage from B. nanuzae (Cerrado group). We provide the first insights into how different evolutionary lineages speciated in the highlands of southeastern Brazil and revalidated B. feioi for the AF group.

Amphibians are increasingly threatened worldwide, but the availability of genomic resources that could be crucial for implementing informed conservation practices lags well behind that for other vertebrate groups. Here, we describe draft de novo genome, mitogenome, and transcriptome assemblies for the Neotropical leaf-frog Phyllomedusa bahiana native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. We used a combination of PacBio long reads and Illumina sequencing to produce a 4.74-Gbp contig-level genome assembly, which has a contiguity comparable to other recent nonchromosome level assemblies. The assembled mitogenome comprises 16,239 bp and the gene content and arrangement are similar to other Neobratrachia. RNA-sequencing from 8 tissues resulted in a highly complete (86.3%) reference transcriptome. We further use whole-genome resequencing data from P. bahiana and from its sister species Phyllomedusa burmeisteri, to demonstrate how our assembly can be used as a backbone for population genomics studies within the P. burmeisteri species group. Our assemblies thus represent important additions to the catalog of genomic resources available from amphibians.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Due to the difficulty in finding newly fresh spawn in natural environments, few embryonic developmental studies have been carried out in anurans with direct development. Here we provide detailed data on the embryonic ontogeny of Ischnocnema henselii, and compare some morphological aspects related to its developmental mode within and outside of the brachycephaloid clade. Embryonic development in I. henselii is characterized by a unicuspid egg tooth (bicuspid in most other Brachycephaloidea), external gills present, open vent tube, and tail fins with dorsoventral orientation throughout the development. We also provide the first account of skin development in direct-developing frogs, revealing that the maturation of the integument has a typical dorsal to ventral sequence of changes as in most biphasic anurans. The early onset of thyroid development seems to be consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of direct development in anuran amphibians involved precocious activation of the thyroid axis. A comparative analysis with the still few described embryonic ontogenies for direct-developing species reveals variation in the length of the embryonic period, rate of development, size at hatching and presence/absence of external morphological characters, which suggests heterochronic shifts in the rate of species-specific stage progression. All these details reinforce the idea of the high morphological variability among direct-developing frogs. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO-CONICET) CCT-Salta-Jujuy, Rosario de Lerma Instituto de Biociências UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Unidad Ejecutora Lillo CONICET–FML Instituto de Biociências UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) FAPESP: #2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2014/05772-4 FAPESP: 2014/50342-8 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica: PICT 2718 Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica: PICT 510 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas: PIP 497

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:48:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 During recent field expeditions to an Amazonian region in eastern Guiana Shield (Serra do Navio, state of Amapá, northern Brazil), we collected and recorded calls of a species of Adelophryne, a diminutive leaf-litter-dwelling, direct-developing frog genus. After a careful integrative taxonomic evaluation using morphological, molecular, and bioacoustic data, we concluded that the series of specimens collected represent a new taxon, which we describe herein. The new species of Adelophryne is distinguished from all ten congeners by the following combination of character states: (1) male SVL = 12.5 mm; female SVL = 13.0-14.4 mm; (2) tympanic membrane present; (3) tympanic annulus present, incomplete; (4) vomerine teeth absent; (5) finger terminal discs absent; (6) tips of Fingers I-IV mucronate; (7) finger pads present (formula 1-1-2-1); (8) three phalanges in Finger IV; (9) dorsum smooth; (10) cloacal flap absent; (11) multi-note advertisement call composed of non-pulsed notes; (12) the call dominant frequency (4,802-5,706 Hz) coincides with the fundamental harmonic. Our study describes the eleventh species of Adelophryne, and, despite the increase in taxonomic knowledge within the past few years, there are still some species in the genus lacking a formal taxonomic description. Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Laboratório de Herpetologia Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal Do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rodovia JK, Km 2 Department of Biological Sciences University of the Pacific (UOP) Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:22:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-19 CONICET ANPCyT Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Direct development implies transformations with respect to the anuran biphasic life cycle, including changes in embryonic anatomy. In the clade Brachycephaloidea, skeletal ontogeny is known inEleutherodactylus coquiof the basal family Eleutherodactylidae. In this work, we study it in four species representing the two other families in the group. We worked with developmental series ofOreobates barituensis,Haddadus binotatus,Ischnocnema henselii, andBrachycephalus ephippium. Specimens were prepared following protocols of clearing and staining and histology. In the cranium, results show an overall shared pattern that, as summarized forE. coqui, combines a partial recapitulation of aspects of the ancestral biphasic ontogeny with a profound remodeling that includes lost/novel structures and heterochronic shifts of developmental events. Among these transformations are the absence of suprarostrals and trabecular horns and the precocious ossification of jaw and suspensorium. In addition, each lineage shows particular features such that skull ontogeny varies interspecifically. In turn, the morphogenesis of the axial and appendicular skeleton is highly conserved, with main variations including the extent of ossification at hatching. Along with some external features such as the egg tooth and the enveloping tail with transversely arranged fins, an ossification sequence with extremely accelerated ossification of jaws and suspensorium could be distinctive of Brachycephaloidea. Fdn Miguel Lillo, Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Bio & Geociencias NOA, Rosario De Lerma, Salta, Argentina Univ Nacl Jujuy, Inst Ecorregiones Andinas, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, San Salvador De Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina Univ Fed Sul & Sudeste Para, Museu Biodivers Tauari, Maraba, Para, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodivers, Campus Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura, Campus Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Vertebrados, Museu Nacl, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodivers, Campus Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura, Campus Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil CONICET: PIP 497 CONICET: PIP 747 CONICET: PIO 094 ANPCyT: PICT 2018-3349 FAPESP: 2019/04076-8 CAPES: 2014/05772-4

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T20:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Research Support Foundation of the State of Bahia (FAPESB) FAPESB Nucleo de Computacao Cientifica/Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho NCC/GridUNESP Cyberinfrastructure for Phylogenetic Research We describe a new frog species of the megadiverse genus Pristimantis from the Chapada Diamantina, a regional designation of the Espinhaco mountain range in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. We assign the new species to the genus Pristimantis, P. conspicillatus group, based on its phylogenetic position. This is the second rupicolous species of Pristimantis and the fourth species inhabiting northeastern Brazil. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsum background color light brown to yellowish-brown, maculated with blackish-brown marks, resembling a granite rock surface; 2) dorsum granular; 3) venter areolate; 4) dentigerous process of the vomer ovoid; 5) snout rounded or truncate in dorsal view; 6) snout rounded in profile; 7) dorsolateral folds absent; 8) finger fringes absent; 9) toe fringes weakly developed; 10) double, poorly developed nuptial pads; 11) vocal slits present in the male; 12) advertisement call composed of one note; 13) call duration 0.011-0.086 s; 14) dominant frequency varying from 2.41 to 3.49 kHz; and 15) decreasing amplitude modulation from the beginning to the end of call. We recovered the new species outside the Glade containing the other three nominal species of Pristimantis from northeastern Brazil, as the sister species of P. gaigei, a species from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. The new species seems to be restricted to the high-elevation areas (870-1,800 m a.s.l.) of the Chapada Diamantina, Central Bahia, Brazil. Both the genus Pristimantis and the P. conspicillatus group still lack morphological synapomorphies, and a thorough systematic review based on a stringent phylogenetic hypothesis is necessary for a better understanding of the evolution of these important lineages of Neotropical frogs. Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Biodiversidade, Lab Herpetol, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Ctr Aquicultura, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Bahia UFBA, Inst Biol, Museu Zool, Museu Hist Nat, Rua Barao Jeremoabo,Campus Univ Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa UFV, Inst Ciencias Biol & Saude, Florestal, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS, Inst Biociencias, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Biodiversidade, Lab Herpetol, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Ctr Aquicultura, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 FAPESP: 2019/04076-8 Research Support Foundation of the State of Bahia (FAPESB): TO PAM 0005/2014 CNPq: 311492/2017-7 CNPq: 458647/2014-4 CNPq: 305849/2015-8 CNPq: 310490/2018-9 FAPESB: BOL3531/2014

We describe two new species of Ischnocnema from the states of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil, based on morphological, bioacoustical, and molecular data. We use three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes in Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses to assess their phylogenetic placement within the I. guentheri series. The two new species group with I. oea in a well-supported clade in both analyses and have a calcar tubercle that is at least as long as wide. This type of tubercle seems to be a putative synapomorphy for the clade. We provide a revised diagnosis for the I. guentheri series, with characters shared by all its members, and discuss the close relationship between the I. parva and the I. guentheri series.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-03 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) We report the mitogenomes for five species of the Ischnocnema guentheri series, being the first described for this genus of brachycephalid frogs. We assembled mitogenomes from anchored hybrid enrichment data and recovered the 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes for all species. The general structure agrees with most previously sequenced neobatrachians, with two exceptions: the origin of replication of L-strand (OL) was found between tRNA-A and tRNA-N, and the position of tRNA-L and tRNA-T, which are dispersed in the control region. We provide a phylogenetic tree with outgroups, which is consistent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Department of Zoology and Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP) Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University–UNESP Department of Zoology Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes Rio de Janeiro State University–UERJ Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Department of Biological Science Florida State University Zoological Institute Technical University of Braunschweig Department of Zoology and Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP) Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University–UNESP CNPq: #88881.062205/2014-01 CNPq: 302518/2013-4

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Universidade Estadual Paulista We describe a new species of Ischnocnema from the Serra da Bocaina mountain range, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, based on morphological, bioacoustic, and mtDNA data. The new species is retrieved with high support values within the I. lactea species series as the sister species of I. spanios. Ischnocnema bocaina sp. nov. is characterized by its medium size (18.6–19.0 mm), a smooth venter, a rounded snout in dorsal view and acuminate in lateral view, a slightly expanded subgular, single vocal sac, a round and whitish, poorly-developed glandular-appearing nuptial pad on the dorsal surface of the thumb, and a nonpulsed advertisement call with 9 to 18 notes. We raise to 38 the number of Ischnocnema species, the 12th described in the past 10 years. Instituto de Biociências UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Cx. Postal 199 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Zoologia Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481 Instituto de Biociências UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Cx. Postal 199

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-02-21 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Zoologia da UFMG Investissement d'Avenir grant by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Taxonomists always have had intense discussions about how species should be delimited and recently many studies have used integrative approaches by combining molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Although these studies are paramount for understanding species diversity, few of them actually formalize species delimitations to the final step of nomenclatural acts. Historically, the Neotropical frog genus Adenomera has been considered as a difficult taxonomic group because it comprises many morphologically similar species exhibiting high levels of intraspecific polymorphism. A recent work using molecular data shed light on the phylogenetic relationships within the genus and identified several lineages that may correspond to undescribed species but did not delimit species boundaries. In the Atlantic Forest, a clade formed by A. marmorata and two putative species (Adenomera sp. J and Adenomera sp. K) were identified. In this paper, we combine morphological, acoustic, and molecular data in order to evaluate species limits within this Atlantic Forest Adenomera clade. We provide a redescription of A. marmorata and restrict its type locality to the Tijuca Massif, in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our results do not support A. marmorata and the two candidate species as diagnosable distinct species. Therefore A. marmorata corresponds to a species with pronounced morphological and acoustic variation in the genus and a complex phylogeographic structure. Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNRS UPS IRD, UMR5174, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, Batiment, France Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2010/51606-8 FAPESP: 2019/04076-8 FAPESP: 2012/15763-7 FAPESP: 2015/13404-8 FAPESP: 2017/08489-0 Investissement d'Avenir grant by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA): ANR-10-LABX-25-01

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:21:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Universidade Estadual Paulista We present a new phylogenetic hypothesis for Ischnocnema, a Neotropical brachycephaloid genus of ground-dwelling direct-developing frogs. We performed Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses using two nuclear (RAG1 and Tyr) and three mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA, tRNA-Val, and 16S rRNA) in a matrix comprising more than 80% of the described species. We recover Ischnocnema nanahallux outside the Ischnocnema parva series, and it is now unassigned to any species series, nor are Ischnocnema manezinho and Ischnocnema sambaqui. We propose the Ischnocnema venancioi species series to comprise Ischnocnema venancioi, Ischnocnema hoehnei, and two new species described herein (Ischnocnema parnaso sp. nov. and Ischnocnema colibri sp. nov.). Furthermore, we designate a lectotype for I. venancioi. The nuptial pad present in males is an important character in the genus, and having a large, conspicuous, and glandular-appearing nuptial pad seems to be a synapomorphy for the clade composed of the I. parva, Ischnocnema guentheri, and the newly proposed I. venancioi series. Instituto de Biociências UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Cx. Postal 199 Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes UERJ – Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Zoologia Laboratório de Diversidade e Evolução de Anfíbios, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã Instituto de Ciências Biológicas UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Zoologia Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Departamento de Ecologia Laboratório de Vertebrados, Cx. Postal 68020, Ilha do Fundão Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes UERJ – Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Ecologia Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Museu Nacional Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n Instituto de Biociências UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Cx. Postal 199 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2014/05772-4 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade: 42108 CNPq: 457524/2012-0 FAPERJ: E-26/102.818/2011 FAPERJ: E-26/201.760/2015 FAPERJ: E-26/201.829/2015

We describe a new species of Adenomera from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest corresponding to one of the candidate species indicated in the published phylogeny of the genus (“sp. R”). The new...

We studied the floral biology and performed experimental intra- and interspecific pollinations in populations of a complex of four Acianthera (Orchidaceae) species occurring in Brazilian campo rupestre vegetation (A. hamosa, A. limae, A. modestissima, and A. prolifera). All four species flower synchronously, are partially intercompatible, and exhibited some degree of self-sterility. Floral morphology is similar in all the species, with their principal differences associated with size of the floral structures. The four species were visited only by Diptera species of the families Phoridae (Megaselia spp.) and Chloropidae, but visits are rare and fruit set is very low. Sympatric species were not pollinated by the same Diptera species. Acianthera hamosa and A. modestissima have the smallest flowers, and no marked morphological differences between them were observed; they were both pollinated by very similar Megaselia species. Both prepollination barriers and postpollination events are important to maintaining the isolation of the species, functioning as overlapping filters that diminish the possibility of gene flow between them. However, putative hybrids between A. prolifera and A. limae have been found. Conversely, A. hamosa and A. modestissima, which are recognized only by vegetative characters that show high phenotypic plasticity, seem only to be isolated by geographical barriers, and they may actually constitute a single species or be sister species.

Bokermannohyla juiju is a member of the B. martinsi species group and it was described based on one male specimen. In order to enhance the knowledge about the species, we describe its advertisement call and morphological variation, including for the first time data on females. We also provide additional comments about its natural history, geographic distribution, and conservation. The advertisement call of B. juiju consists of a single note, non-pulsed, harmonic structured call emitted several times in a row. Four out of five males were found calling in bromeliads. The female, as it is common in many Bokermannohyla species, presents some morphological features not shared with the males, like a non-hypertrophied forearm and less developed prepollex.

The Brazilian hylid genus Bokermannohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 is currently composed of four ( B . circumdata , B . claresignata , B . martinsi , and B . pseudopseudis ) species groups (Faivovich et al. 2005). To date, the Bokermannohyla martinsi species group comprises only three species (Faivovich et al. 2009): B. martinsi (Bokermann, 1964), B. langei (Bokermann, 1965), and B. juiju Faivovich, Lugli, Lourenco & Haddad, 2009, whose advertisement calls remain unknown to science. Bokermannohyla martinsi is a narrowly distributed hylid frog species endemic to the southernmost portion of the Espinhaco range, known as Quadrilatero Ferrifero (QF). Located in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, the QF is considered an area of “special biological importance” (Drummond et al. 2005). Notwithstanding, because QF is one of the most important iron-ore mining districts in the world (Spier et al. 2003), it has increasingly been target of anthropogenic threats, being one of the most endangered Brazilian landscapes (Jacobi et al. 2007; Jacobi & Carmo, 2008). Herein, we describe for the first time the advertisement call of a member of B. martinsi group, B. martinsi .