133 results on '"Pedro Jiménez-Mejías"'
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2. Carex hartmaniorum (Cyperaceae), a new species for the Spanish flora
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Aaron Pérez Haase, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Frédéric Andrieu, Léa Richard, Jean-Marc Lewin, Santiago Martín-Bravo, and Modesto Luceño
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Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Carex hartmaniorum (sect. Racemosae, Cyperaceae) is reported for the first time for Spain, from a single known population in the Cerdanya region (Eastern Pyrenees, Girona province). The main differences with closely related taxa are highlighted, a dichotomous key to differentiate this species from members of section Racemosae inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees is presented, and some comments on its distribution and ecology are made. A preliminary conservation assessment for Spain resulted in the proposal of the Endangered category of C. hartmaniorum for Spain.
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- 2024
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3. Geometric Morphometrics sheds light on the systematics affinities of two enigmatic dwarf Neotropical sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae)
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Ana Morales-Alonso, Tamara Villaverde, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
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Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Geometric morphometrics (GM) is a powerful analytical tool that enables complete quantification of shapes. Its use in Botany has a great potential for complementing plant evolutionary and ecological studies. Taxonomic delimitation in Carex has been complicated due to reduction of characters and frequent homoplasy. This problem is more marked in cases where the species exhibit dwarfism. South America is the continent with the least understood Carex flora. The systematic relationships of some bizarre-looking groups were not unraveled until molecular phylogenetic studies resolved their relationships. In particular, there are two species only known from their type material whose affinities remain uncertain: Carex herteri and C. hypsipedos. These two taxa are acaulescent plants that respectively grow in the Uruguayan pampa and Peruvian high-altitude meadows. Recently, both species were ascribed to the Carex phalaroides group (subgen. Psyllophorae, sect. Junciformes) due to superficial morphological similarities, such as the androgynous peduncled spikes. However, their character combination is also coincident for its circumscription to sect. Abditispicae species. Nevertheless, in the absence of confirmation from molecular analyses, their placement must be considered preliminary until additional data can be provided. In this work we employ for the first time geometric morphometrics (GM) tools to assess the systematic affinities of two taxonomically problematic sedge species based on fruit shape. We compared utricle morphology of C. herteri and C. hypsipedos with that of C. phalaroides group and species in sect. Abditispicae. To this end we used GM and traditional morphometric approaches. Utricle shape variation along with other morphological features support the exclusion of these two species from the C. phalaroides gr. and, at the same time, show clear affinities of C. herteri to sect. Abditispicae. Carex hypsipedos remains as an incertae sedis species. Our work shows the potential utility of GM for the exploration of systematic affinities in sedges and in other graminoids.
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- 2023
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4. The genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in Chile: a general update of its knowledge, with an identification key
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Paulo Muñoz-Schüler, Pablo García-Moro, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Diego Penneckamp, María Sanz-Arnal, Santiago Martín-Bravo, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
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Carex ,Chile ,identification key ,taxonomy ,Uncinia ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The knowledge of the genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in South America is scattered, without recent comprehensive treatments for any country. Within the continent, Chile is the country that harbors the most diversity, being the second in species richness and the first in endemic taxa. However, Chilean botanists must resort to several Argentinian floras for species identification, although these works leave uncovered many Chilean species. This has led many researchers and amateurs to neglect the amazing diversity of the genus in the country. In this work, we summarize the results of several years of research on the genus Carex in Chile. We here formally report six new national records, including the reinstatement of the Nahuelbuta endemism Carex reicheana Boeckeler. Also, relevant changes (regional additions or significant distributional changes) are reported for another 33 species, and nomenclatural comments on problematic names are given. The catalogue of Carex for Chile is updated with our own findings and previous published reports from 82 to 96 species.
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- 2023
5. New relevant chorological and conservation data on Carex (Cyperaceae) and Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from Ecuador
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Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Ana Morales-Alonso, Nora Oleas, Enmily Sánchez, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Irene Masa-Iranzo, and Andrea S. Meseguer
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Andes ,chorology ,cordillera ,endangered species ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Knowledge of Carex L. (true sedges) and Hypericum L. (St. John's wort) in the Neotropics is fragmentary.As a result of a fieldwork campaign in Ecuador and revision of herbarium collections (K, QCA and QCNE), we present here relevant records of twelve Carex (Cyperaceae) and four Hypericum (Hypericaceae) species. Regarding Carex, we present the novel report for South America of C. aztecica, as well as the first Ecuadorian records for C. brehmeri, C. collumanthus, C. fecunda, C. melanocystis and C. punicola. The three later records have additional biogeographical significance, as they represent the new northern limit of these species. We also include observations for another five species included in the Ecuadorian Red List of Endemic Plants. As a result, the list of native Carex reported for Ecuador would now include 52 taxa. With regard to Hypericum, we include the new report of H. sprucei for the province of Bolívar, and the confirmation of the presence of three rare species (H. acostanum, H. matangense, H. prietoi) in their type localities, although with extremely low population sizes. We discuss their conservation status and implications.
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- 2023
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6. Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote’s land (La Mancha, S Spain)
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Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, and Santiago Martín-Bravo
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Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Despite centuries of work, the basic taxonomic knowledge of the flora of the Iberian Peninsula is still incomplete, especially for highly diverse and/or difficult genera such as Carex. In this study, we conducted an integrative systematic study based on molecular, morphological and cytogenetic data to elucidate the taxonomic status of several problematic Carex populations from La Mancha region (S Spain) belonging to Carex sect. Phacocystis. These populations have been traditionally considered of uncertain taxonomic adscription, but close to C. reuteriana due to their morphological appearance and ecological preferences. A detailed morphological and cytogenetic study was performed on 16 La Mancha’s problematic populations (Sierra Madrona and Montes de Toledo) to compare them with the other Iberian sect. Phacocystis species. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and two plastid (rpl32‐trnLUAG, ycf6‐psbM) DNA regions, including representatives from all species of sect. Phacocystis. We found a significant degree of molecular and morphological differentiation that supports the recognition of La Mancha’s problematic populations as a new Iberian endemic species, described here as Carex quixotiana Ben.Benítez, Martín-Bravo, Luceño & Jim.Mejías. Our results reveal that C. quixotiana, unexpectedly, is more closely related to C. nigra than to C. reuteriana on the basis of phylogenetic relationships and chromosome number. These contrasting patterns reflect the taxonomic complexity in sect. Phacocystis and highlight the need for integrative systematic approaches to disentangle such complicated evolutionary scenarios.
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- 2023
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7. Strengths and Challenges of Using iNaturalist in Plant Research with Focus on Data Quality
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Eduard López-Guillén, Ileana Herrera, Badis Bensid, Carlos Gómez-Bellver, Neus Ibáñez, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Mario Mairal, Laura Mena-García, Neus Nualart, Mònica Utjés-Mascó, and Jordi López-Pujol
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alien plants ,citizen science ,conservation ,monitoring ,species discovery ,threatened species ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
iNaturalist defines itself as an “online social network of people sharing biodiversity information to help each other learn about nature” and it is likely one of the largest citizen science web portals in the world, as every year millions of observations across thousands of species are gathered and collectively compiled by an engaged community of nearly 3 million users (November 2023). The strengths and potentialities that explain the success of the platform are reviewed and include, among others, its usability and low technical requirements, immediacy, open-access, the possibility of interacting with other users, artificial-intelligence-aided identification, versatility and automatic incorporation of the validated records to GBIF. iNaturalist has, however, features that scientists need to carefully consider when using it for their research, making sure that the quality of observations does not limit or hinder its usefulness in plant research. While these are identified (e.g., the lack of representative photographs for many observations or the relatively frequent identification errors), we provide some suggestions to overcome them and, by doing so, improve the use and add value to iNaturalist for plant research.
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- 2024
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8. Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 12
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Fabrizio Bartolucci, Gianniantonio Domina, Carlo Argenti, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Sandro Ballelli, Enrico Banfi, Davide Barberis, Giuseppina Barberis, Alessio Bertolli, Rossano Bolpagni, Gianmaria Bonari, Federica Bonini, Ian Briozzo, Giuseppe Brundu, Thomas Bruschi, Mario Calbi, Michele Callegari, Giacomo Calvia, Davide Campoccia, Laura Cancellieri, Giacomo Cangelmi, Stefano Carfagno, Francesca Carruggio, Gabriele Casazza, Viviana Cavallaro, Salvatore Cherchi, Bernadette Ciocia, Fabio Conti, Alessandro Crisafulli, Davide Dagnino, Alice Dalla Vecchia, Giuseppe De Fine, Valerio Del Nero, Alfredo Di Filippo, Franz G. Dunkel, Francesco Festi, Goffredo Filibeck, Mauro Fois, Luigi Forte, Franca Fratolin, Gabriele Galasso, Daniela Gigante, Günter Gottschlich, Leonardo Gubellini, Nicole Hofmann, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Valentina L. A. Laface, Michele Lonati, Vanessa Lozano, Andrea Mainetti, Mauro Mariotti, Giacomo Mei, Francesco Minutillo, Luigi Minuto, Carmelo M. Musarella, Ginevra Nota, Simone Orsenigo, Mattia Pallanza, Nicodemo G. Passalacqua, Gaetano Pazienza, Lorenzo Pinzani, Marco Pittarello, Lina Podda, Filippo Prosser, Simone Ravetto Enri, Giovanni Riva, Francesco Santi, Anna Scoppola, Alberto Selvaggi, Federico Selvi, Giovanni Spampinato, Adriano Stinca, Valeria Tomaselli, Giulia Tomasi, Giancarlo Tondi, Claudia Turcato, Thomas Wilhalm, and Lorenzo Lastrucci
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Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of native vascular flora in Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes to the Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrigenda are provided as Suppl. material 1.
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- 2021
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9. Dramatic impact of future climate change on the genetic diversity and distribution of ecologically relevant Western Mediterranean Carex (Cyperaceae)
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Carmen Benítez-Benítez, María Sanz-Arnal, Malvina Urbani, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, and Santiago Martín-Bravo
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Conservation genetics ,Ecological niche ,Global climate change ,Habitat loss ,Mediterranean basin ,Restricted endemic ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Anticipating the evolutionary responses of species to ongoing climate change is essential to propose effective management and conservation measures. The Western Mediterranean Basin constitutes one of the hotspots of biodiversity where the effects of climate change are expected to be more dramatic. Plant species with ecological relevance constitute ideal models to evaluate and predict the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Here we investigate these impacts through the spatio-temporal comparison of genetic diversity/structure (AFLPs), potential distribution under different future scenarios of climate change, and ecological space in two Western Mediterranean sister species of genus Carex. Both species are ecologically key in their riparian habitats, but display contrasting distribution patterns, with one widespread in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (C. reuteriana), while the other (C. panormitana) is a restricted, probably endangered, Central Mediterranean endemic. At present, we found a strong genetic structure driven by geography in both species, and lower values of genetic diversity and a narrower ecological space in C. panormitana than in C. reuteriana, while the allelic rarity was higher in the former than in C. reuteriana subspecies. Future projections predict an overall dramatic reduction of suitable areas for both species under all climate change scenarios, which could be almost total for C. panormitana. In addition, gene diversity was inferred to decrease in all taxa, with genetic structure reinforcing in C. reuteriana by the loss of admixture among populations. Our findings stress the need for a reassessment of C. panormitana conservation status under IUCN Red List criteria and the implementation of conservation measures.
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- 2022
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10. Chorological and nomenclatural notes on Peruvian Carex (Cyperaceae)
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Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, J. José Alegría-Olivera, Hamilton W. Beltrán, Asunción Cano, Arturo Granda-Paucar, Mónica S. Maldonado Fonkén, Sebastián Riva-Regalado, Barbara Ruthsatz, and Marcial Escudero
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carex ,chorology ,cyperaceae ,peru ,systematics ,taxonomy ,Science ,Zoology ,QL1-991 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Here we present relevant records of nine species of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) new for Peru: C. amicta, C. brehmeri, C. camptoglochin, C. enneastachya, C. livida, C. maritima, C. ownbeyi, C. ruth-satzae, and C. vallis-pulchrae. We perform the lectotypification of the names Carex camptoglochin, C. amicta and C. confertospicata.
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- 2019
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11. An Evolutionary Study of Carex Subg. Psyllophorae (Cyperaceae) Sheds Light on a Strikingly Disjunct Distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, With Emphasis on Its Patagonian Diversification
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Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Ana Otero, Kerry A. Ford, Pablo García-Moro, Sabina Donadío, Modesto Luceño, Santiago Martín-Bravo, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
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Andes ,biogeography ,disjunction ,Gondwana ,long-distance dispersal ,niche conservatism ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Carex subgenus Psyllophorae is an engaging study group due to its early diversification compared to most Carex lineages, and its remarkable disjunct distribution in four continents corresponding to three independent sections: sect. Psyllophorae in Western Palearctic, sect. Schoenoxiphium in Afrotropical region, and sect. Junciformes in South America (SA) and SW Pacific. The latter section is mainly distributed in Patagonia and the Andes, where it is one of the few Carex groups with a significant in situ diversification. We assess the role of historical geo-climatic events in the evolutionary history of the group, particularly intercontinental colonization events and diversification processes, with an emphasis on SA. We performed an integrative study using phylogenetic (four DNA regions), divergence times, diversification rates, biogeographic reconstruction, and bioclimatic niche evolution analyses. The crown age of subg. Psyllophorae (early Miocene) supports this lineage as one of the oldest within Carex. The diversification rate probably decreased over time in the whole subgenus. Geography seems to have played a primary role in the diversification of subg. Psyllophorae. Inferred divergence times imply a diversification scenario away from primary Gondwanan vicariance hypotheses and suggest long-distance dispersal-mediated allopatric diversification. Section Junciformes remained in Northern Patagonia since its divergence until Plio-Pleistocene glaciations. Andean orogeny appears to have acted as a northward corridor, which contrasts with the general pattern of North-to-South migration for temperate-adapted organisms. A striking niche conservatism characterizes the evolution of this section. Colonization of the SW Pacific took place on a single long-distance dispersal event from SA. The little ecological changes involved in the trans-Pacific disjunction imply the preadaptation of the group prior to the colonization of the SW Pacific. The high species number of the section results from simple accumulation of morphological changes (disparification), rather than shifts in ecological niche related to increased diversification rates (radiation).
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- 2021
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12. An integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae)
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Modesto Luceño, Tamara Villaverde, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Rogelio Sánchez-Villegas, Enrique Maguilla, Marcial Escudero, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Manuel Sánchez-Villegas, Monica Miguez, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, A. Muthama Muasya, and Santiago Martín-Bravo
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Carex ,Cyperaceae ,Cytogenetics ,Morphology ,Nomenclature ,Schoenoxiphium ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important morphological and molecular background in particular dealing with the complexity of its inflorescence and the phylogenetic relationships of its species. We here present a fully updated and integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium based on morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data. A total of 1,017 herbarium specimens were examined and the majority of the species were studied in the field. Previous molecular phylogenies based on Sanger-sequencing of four nuclear and plastid DNA regions and RAD-seq were expanded. For the first time, chromosome numbers were obtained, with cytogenetic counts on 44 populations from 15 species and one hybrid. Our taxonomic treatment recognizes 21 species, one of them herein newly described (C. gordon-grayae). Our results agree with previous molecular works that have found five main lineages in Schoenoxiphium. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps and analytical drawings of all accepted species in section Schoenoxiphium, an identification key, and a thorough nomenclatural survey including 19 new typifications and one nomen novum.
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- 2021
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13. Timing and ecological priority shaped the diversification of sedges in the Himalayas
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Uzma, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Rabia Amir, Muhammad Qasim Hayat, and Andrew L. Hipp
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Carex ,Dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) ,Cyperaceae ,Geographic state speciation and extinction (GeoSSE) ,Himalayan biogeography ,Long-distance dispersal ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background Diversification patterns in the Himalayas have been important to our understanding of global biodiversity. Despite recent broad-scale studies, the most diverse angiosperm genus of the temperate zone—Carex L. (Cyperaceae), with ca. 2100 species worldwide—has not yet been studied in the Himalayas, which contains 189 Carex species. Here the timing and phylogenetic pattern of lineage and ecological diversification were inferred in this ecologically significant genus. We particularly investigated whether priority, adaptation to ecological conditions, or both explain the highly successful radiation of the Kobresia clade (ca. 60 species, of which around 40 are present in the Himalayas) of Himalayan Carex. Methods Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood analysis of two nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) regions (ITS and ETS) and one plastid gene (matK); the resulting tree was time-calibrated using penalized likelihood and a fossil calibration at the root of the tree. Biogeographical reconstruction for estimation of historical events and ancestral ranges was performed using the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) model, and reciprocal effects between biogeography and diversification were inferred using the geographic state speciation and extinction (GeoSSE) model. Climatic envelopes for all species for which mapped specimen data available were estimated using climatic data from WORLDCLIM, and climatic niche evolution was inferred using a combination of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models of shifting adaptive optima and maximum likelihood inference of ancestral character states under a Brownian motion model. Results The Himalayan Carex flora represents three of the five major Carex clades, each represented by multiple origins within the Himalayas. The oldest Carex radiation in the region, dating to ca. 20 Ma, near the time of Himalayan orogeny, gave rise to the now abundant Kobresia clade via long-distance dispersal from the Nearctic. The Himalayan Carex flora comprises a heterogeneous sample of diversifications drawn from throughout the cosmopolitan, but mostly temperate, Carex radiation. Most radiations are relatively recent, but the widespread and diverse Himalayan Kobresia radiation arose at the early Miocene. The timing and predominance of Kobresia in high-elevation Himalayan meadows suggests that Kobresia may have excluded other Carex lineages: the success of Kobresia in the Himalayas, in other words, appears to be a consequence largely of priority, competitive exclusion and historical contingency.
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- 2019
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14. Molecular and morphological data resurrect the long neglected Carex laxula (Cyperaceae) and expand its range in the western Mediterranean
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Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Mónica Míguez, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, and Santiago Martín-Bravo
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balearic archipelago ,carex sect. sylvaticae ,its ,mediterranean flora ,taxonomy ,tyrrhenian ,tuscan archipelago ,5’trnk ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Carex sylvatica subsp. paui is a poorly studied taxon considered endemic from a few places in the western Mediterranean. It has been frequently misidentified as C. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica. To date, it has been reported only from the NE Iberian Peninsula and the NW Africa. We use molecular —nuclear ribosomal and plastid sequences— and morphological data to shed light on the taxonomic circumscription and distribution of this taxon, especially regarding its distinction from the type subspecies. The genetic data support the recognition of C. sylvatica subsp. paui as an independent taxon, and confirm new records from the Balearic and Tuscan archipelagos. It implies a considerable increase in its range and a new taxon for the Italian flora. Strikingly, the morphometric analyses revealed that the Sicilian type specimen ofC. laxula identifies this species with C. sylvatica subsp. paui. We consider that the taxon should be ranked at the species level. Based on the priority of the name C. laxula over C. paui, we subsume C. sylvatica subsp. paui in C. laxula. We also provide notes on the ecology of the species.
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- 2017
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15. Cut from the same cloth: The convergent evolution of dwarf morphotypes of the Carex flava group (Cyperaceae) in Circum-Mediterranean mountains.
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Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, and Santiago Martín-Bravo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Plants growing in high-mountain environments may share common morphological features through convergent evolution resulting from an adaptative response to similar ecological conditions. The Carex flava species complex (sect. Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae) includes four dwarf morphotypes from Circum-Mediterranean mountains whose taxonomic status has remained obscure due to their apparent morphological resemblance. In this study we investigate whether these dwarf mountain morphotypes result from convergent evolution or common ancestry, and whether there are ecological differences promoting differentiation between the dwarf morphotypes and their taxonomically related large, well-developed counterparts. We used phylogenetic analyses of nrDNA (ITS) and ptDNA (rps16 and 5'trnK) sequences, ancestral state reconstruction, multivariate analyses of macro- and micromorphological data, and species distribution modeling. Dwarf morphotype populations were found to belong to three different genetic lineages, and several morphotype shifts from well-developed to dwarf were suggested by ancestral state reconstructions. Distribution modeling supported differences in climatic niche at regional scale between the large forms, mainly from lowland, and the dwarf mountain morphotypes. Our results suggest that dwarf mountain morphotypes within this sedge group are small forms of different lineages that have recurrently adapted to mountain habitats through convergent evolution.
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- 2017
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16. Notas taxonómicas y de distribución de Carex (Cyperaceae) en el Neotrópico.
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Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Mariela Fabbroni, Sabina Donadío, Giovanni E. Rodríguez-Palacios, Andreas Hilpold, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Marcia J. Waterway, and Eric H. Roalson
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Neotrópico ,nomenclatura ,taxonomía ,Uncinia. ,Science ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Notas taxonómicas y de distribución de Carex (Cyperaceae) en el Neotrópico. Presentamos datos relevantes acerca de la taxonomía y distribución de 20 especies del género Carex en el Neotrópico (de la region Caribe a la Patagonia). Aportamos un total de 19 registros nuevos, dos de ellos para especies hasta el momento no registradas para Sudamérica, diez especies citadas como novedad para diferentes países y siete especies aquí reportadas como novedades regionales en Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. Lectotipificamos de nueve nombres de especies (C. brehmeri, C. catharinensis, C. ecuadorica, C. firmicaulis, C. fuscula, C. mandoniana, C. phleoides, C. polysticha y C. subantarctica) y epitipificamos uno de ellos (C. fuscula). Finalmente, proponemos a Carex koyamae como nuevo sinónimo de Carex phleoides.
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- 2016
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17. Karyotypic changes through dysploidy persist longer over evolutionary time than polyploid changes.
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Marcial Escudero, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Itay Mayrose, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, Omar Fiz-Palacios, Andrew L Hipp, Manuel Pimentel, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Virginia Valcárcel, Pablo Vargas, and Modesto Luceño
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Chromosome evolution has been demonstrated to have profound effects on diversification rates and speciation in angiosperms. While polyploidy has predated some major radiations in plants, it has also been related to decreased diversification rates. There has been comparatively little attention to the evolutionary role of gains and losses of single chromosomes, which may or not entail changes in the DNA content (then called aneuploidy or dysploidy, respectively). In this study we investigate the role of chromosome number transitions and of possible associated genome size changes in angiosperm evolution. We model the tempo and mode of chromosome number evolution and its possible correlation with patterns of cladogenesis in 15 angiosperm clades. Inferred polyploid transitions are distributed more frequently towards recent times than single chromosome gains and losses. This is likely because the latter events do not entail changes in DNA content and are probably due to fission or fusion events (dysploidy), as revealed by an analysis of the relationship between genome size and chromosome number. Our results support the general pattern that recently originated polyploids fail to persist, and suggest that dysploidy may have comparatively longer-term persistence than polyploidy. Changes in chromosome number associated with dysploidy were typically observed across the phylogenies based on a chi-square analysis, consistent with these changes being neutral with respect to diversification.
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- 2014
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18. Four new sectional names in Carex L. (Cyperaceae)
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Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Andrew L. Hipp, Eric H. Roalson, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Robert F. C. Naczi, Santiago Martín-Bravo, and Anton A. Reznicek
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Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
19. Chorological notes of Carex L. (Cyperaceae) for the Flora of the Balkans, with emphasis in Albania
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Santiago Martín-Bravo, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Mónica Míguez, Marjol Meco, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
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Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Relevant chorological notes of genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) for the flora of the Balkans are provided, with an emphasis on Albania and adjacent countries (North Macedonia and Montenegro). Our findings include new national species records and/or confirmations for Albania, Montenegro and North Macedonia (C. agastachys, C. atrata, C. curvula, C. demissa, C. hispida, C. parviflora), as well as other interesting records of rare and/or endangered Carex species in Albania (C. castroviejoi, C. myosuroides). Eventually, we provide relevant comments in order to clarify the taxonomy, distribution and/or ecology of Carex sections Rhynchocystis (C. agastachys, C. pendula) and Aulocystis (C. ferruginea, C. kitaibeliana, C. lazarei) in the Balkans.
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- 2022
20. Biogeography and systematics of Carex subgenus Uncinia (Cyperaceae): A unique radiation for the genus Carex in the Southern Hemisphere
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Pablo García‐Moro, Ana Otero, Carmen Benítez‐Benítez, Lucas Costa, Santiago Martín‐Bravo, Robert F.C. Naczi, Anton A. Reznicek, Eric H. Roalson, Julian R. Starr, and Pedro Jiménez‐Mejías
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Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Carex subg. Uncinia (Cyperaceae) constitutes one of six currently recognized Carex subgenera. This subgenus is mainly distributed on the American continent and in the Pacific region, and it is the only subgenus almost entirely absent from the Old World and primarily diversified in the Southern Hemisphere. It includes some of the few Carex species with clear epizoochoric traits: the representatives of C. sect. Uncinia possess utricles with an exserted and hooked rachilla that allows the diaspores to attach to feather or hair. We performed phylogenetic (ITS, ETS-1f, matK), biogeographic, and ancestral state reconstruction analyses to elucidate the systematic structure, origin and dispersal routes, and major morphological evolutionary patterns of the different lineages within the subgenus. Our phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that the subgenus comprises seven different clades that mostly match previously recognized sections. One of the clades, however, represents a new section described herein as C. sect. Wheelerianae. Unispicate lineages evolved repeatedly from ancestors bearing multispicate inflorescences, while the presence of a rachilla, often pictured as a plesiomorphy in Carex, seems to have developed four independent times in the evolution of C. subg. Uncinia. The origin of the subgenus dates back to the beginning of the Miocene, probably in North America from where it colonized the Southern Hemisphere. It first dispersed to South America during the Early Miocene. Later, in the Middle Miocene, representatives of C. sect. Uncinia would reach the Pacific Southwest region (New Zealand, Australasia) from South America in at least two independent dispersal events. The vast majority of the biogeographic events seem to be explained by long-distance dispersal. The remarkable dispersal ability of C. sect. Uncinia enabled by the hooked rachilla has allowed it to reach remote archipelagos in the Pacific and Subantarctic regions, probably bird-mediated.
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- 2022
21. Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 12
- Author
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Francesco Minutillo, Davide Campoccia, Franca Fratolin, Valentina Laface, Giacomo Cangelmi, Salvatore Cherchi, Simone Ravetto Enri, Laura Cancellieri, Lorenzo Pinzani, Enrico Banfi, Rossano Bolpagni, Bernadette Ciocia, Gabriele Galasso, Lina Podda, Michele Lonati, Davide Dagnino, Gianniantonio Domina, Fabio Conti, Andrea Mainetti, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Claudia Turcato, Alessandro Crisafulli, Franz G. Dunkel, Carmelo Maria Musarella, Filippo Prosser, Giovanni Riva, Sandro Ballelli, Nicodemo G. Passalacqua, Federico Selvi, Anna Scoppola, Francesco Santi, Giacomo Mei, Daniela Gigante, Gianmaria Bonari, Nicole Hofmann, Vanessa Lozano, Gaetano Pazienza, Alessio Bertolli, Gabriele Casazza, Ian Briozzo, Marco Pittarello, Giovanni Spampinato, Mauro Fois, Giuseppe De Fine, Francesco Festi, Alice Dalla Vecchia, G. Barberis, Goffredo Filibeck, Luigi Forte, L. Gubellini, Giuseppe Brundu, Giancarlo Tondi, Valerio Del Nero, Mauro Mariotti, Giulia Tomasi, Alfredo Di Filippo, Davide Barberis, Stefano Carfagno, Giacomo Calvia, Viviana Cavallaro, Adriano Stinca, Thomas Bruschi, Michele Callegari, Luigi Minuto, Federica Bonini, Carlo Argenti, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Valeria Tomaselli, Mario Calbi, Thomas Wilhalm, Simone Orsenigo, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Francesca Carruggio, Alberto Selvaggi, Günter Gottschlich, Ginevra Nota, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Mattia Pallanza, Bartolucci, F., Domina, G., Argenti, C., Bacchetta, G., Ballelli, S., Banfi, E., Barberis, D., Barberis, G., Bertolli, A., Bolpagni, R., Bonari, G., Bonini, F., Briozzo, I., Brundu, G., Bruschi, T., Calbi, M., Callegari, M., Calvia, G., Campoccia, D., Cancellieri, L., Cangelmi, G., Carfagno, S., Carruggio, F., Casazza, G., Cavallaro, V., Cherchi, S., Ciocia, B., Conti, F., Crisafulli, A., Dagnino, D., Vecchia, A. D., De Fine, G., Nero, V. D., Filippo, A. D., Dunkel, F. G., Festi, F., Filibeck, G., Fois, M., Forte, L., Fratolin, F., Galasso, G., Gigante, D., Gottschlich, G., Gubellini, L., Hofmann, N., Jimenez-Mejias, P., Laface, V. L. A., Lonati, M., Lozano, V., Mainetti, A., Mariotti, M., Mei, G., Minutillo, F., Minuto, L., Musarella, C. M., Nota, G., Orsenigo, S., Pallanza, M., Passalacqua, N. G., Pazienza, G., Pinzani, L., Pittarello, M., Podda, L., Prosser, F., Enri, S. R., Riva, G., Santi, F., Scoppola, A., Selvaggi, A., Selvi, F., Spampinato, G., Stinca, A., Tomaselli, V., Tomasi, G., Tondi, G., Turcato, C., Wilhalm, T., Lastrucci, L., Bartolucci F., Domina G., Argenti C., Bacchetta G., Ballelli S., Banfi E., Barberis D., Barberis G., Bertolli A., Bolpagni R., Bonari G., Bonini F., Briozzo I., Brundu G., Bruschi T., Calbi M., Callegari M., Calvia G., Campoccia D., Cancellieri L., Cangelmi G., Carfagno S., Carruggio F., Casazza G., Cavallaro V., Cherchi S., Ciocia B., Conti F., Crisafulli A., Dagnino D., Vecchia A.D., De Fine G., Nero V.D., Filippo A.D., Dunkel F.G., Festi F., Filibeck G., Fois M., Forte L., Fratolin F., Galasso G., Gigante D., Gottschlich G., Gubellini L., Hofmann N., Jimenez-Mejias P., Laface V.L.A., Lonati M., Lozano V., Mainetti A., Mariotti M., Mei G., Minutillo F., Minuto L., Musarella C.M., Nota G., Orsenigo S., Pallanza M., Passalacqua N.G., Pazienza G., Pinzani L., Pittarello M., Podda L., Prosser F., Enri S.R., Riva G., Santi F., Scoppola A., Selvaggi A., Selvi F., Spampinato G., Stinca A., Tomaselli V., Tomasi G., Tondi G., Turcato C., Wilhalm T., and Lastrucci L.
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Flora ,Endemic taxa ,Endemic taxa, Floristic data, Italy ,Italy ,Settore BIO/02 - Botanica Sistematica ,QK1-989 ,Floristic data ,Botany ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of native vascular flora in Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes to the Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrigenda are provided as Suppl. material 1.
- Published
- 2021
22. Addressing inconsistencies in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae taxonomy: Comment on Brožová et al. (2022)
- Author
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Tammy L. Elliott, Isabel Larridon, Russell L. Barrett, Jeremy J. Bruhl, Suzana M. Costa, Marcial Escudero, Andrew L. Hipp, Pedro Jiménez‐Mejías, Jan Kirschner, Modesto Luceño, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Eric H. Roalson, Ilias Semmouri, Daniel Spalink, William Wayt Thomas, Tamara Villaverde, Karen L. Wilson, and A. Muthama Muasya
- Subjects
Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
23. Systematics of the Giant Sedges of Carex Sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae) in Macaronesia with Description of Two New Species
- Author
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Mónica Míguez, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Hanno Schaefer, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
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Systematics ,Carex ,IUCN protected area categories ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Critically endangered ,Taxon ,Evolutionary biology ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Genetics ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
— Populations of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae) from the Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores and Madeira) have traditionally been treated either as a variety of the widely distributed Western Palearctic C. pendula, or directly synonymized under it. However, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Azorean populations of C. pendula display a certain degree of differentiation from mainland plants, while the phylogenetic relationships of Madeiran populations remain unclear. Here we perform an integrated systematic study focused on the Macaronesian populations of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny based on five DNA regions and conducted a multivariate morphological analysis. Divergence time estimates show that the Macaronesian populations can be traced back to a Plio-Pleistocene origin. Our results suggest that these island populations of C. pendula are better treated as two distinct species within Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (i.e. C. leviosa from the Azores and C. sequeirae from Madeira). We provide morphological characters to differentiate the new species from C. pendula s. s., detailed descriptions of the three taxa, a revised key for the entire section, as well as detailed analytical drawings of the two newly described species. We also perform a critical evaluation of the taxonomic diversity of Carex in the Azores and Madeira. Finally, we informally assessed the conservation status of the new species at a global scale under IUCN categories and criteria, resulting in the proposal of the categories Least Concern for C. leviosa and Critically Endangered for C. sequeirae.
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- 2021
24. Cyperaceae in a data‐rich era: New evolutionary insights from solid frameworks
- Author
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Isabel Larridon and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Subjects
biology ,Evolutionary biology ,Plant Science ,Cyperaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
25. Revisiting of Carex sect. Confertiflorae s.l. (Cyperaceae): New data from molecular and morphological evidence and first insights on Carex biogeography in East Asia
- Author
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Xiao-Feng Jin, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Hiroshi Ikeda, Okihito Yano, Wei-Jie Chen, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Yong-Di Liu, Yi-Fei Lu, and Ming-Jian Yu
- Subjects
Carex ,Geography ,biology ,Ecology ,Biogeography ,East Asia ,Plant Science ,Cyperaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Sect ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
26. A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles
- Author
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Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Kyong-Sook Chung, Daniel Spalink, Isabel Larridon, Tomomi Masaki, Julian R. Starr, Berit Gehrke, Bruce A. Ford, Marcial Escudero, Tamara Villaverde, Andrew L. Hipp, Kerry A. Ford, Muhammad Qasim Hayat, Marcia J. Waterway, Shuren Zhang, Karen L. Wilson, Anton A. Reznicek, Sangtae Kim, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Mónica Míguez, Leo P. Bruederle, Marlene Hahn, Enrique Maguilla, Robert F. C. Naczi, Xiao-Feng Jin, Yi-Fei Lu, Eric H. Roalson, Étienne Léveillé-Bourret, Modesto Luceño, Sebastian Gebauer, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Mathias H. Hoffmann, and Uzma
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Carex ,biology ,Plant Science ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Botany ,Cyperaceae ,Subgenus ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2021
27. Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 11
- Author
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Giovanna Sotgiu Cocco, Emmanuele Farris, Francesco Festi, Nicola Pilon, Fabrizio Furlani, Filippo Scafidi, Andrea Coppi, Giulio Barone, Vanessa Lozano, Daniele Viciani, Lorenzo Pinzani, D. Marchetti, Emmanuelle Argenti, Simonetta Bagella, Filip Verloove, Leonardo Rosati, Milena Villa, Duilio Iamonico, Sergio Buono, Giulio Ferretti, Alessio Bertolli, Valentina Laface, Paolo Marenzi, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Daniele Bonsanto, Mauro Fois, Gabriele Galasso, Alexander N. Sennikov, Sebastiano Andreatta, Flavio Menini, Gianniantonio Domina, Marco Merli, Simona Sarmati, L. Gubellini, Robert P. Wagensommer, Federico Selvi, Stefano Orlandini, Serlapo Bardi, Fabio Luchino, Nicola Olivieri, Valeria Tomaselli, Michela Marignani, Giacomo Calvia, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Nello Biscotti, Nicole Hofmann, Emanuele Del Guacchio, Adriano Stinca, Marco Martignoni, Salvatore Cambria, Claudio Raffaelli, Lina Podda, Alfonso La Rosa, Giulia Tomasi, Giuseppe Brundu, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Fabio Conti, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Claudia Turcato, Simonetta Peccenini, Gianluca Nicolella, Michele Mugnai, Sara Magrini, Giovanni Rivieccio, Giacomo Mei, Daniela Gigante, Jacopo Lupoletti, Gianmarco Tavilla, Marco Pittarello, Giovanni Spampinato, Simone Ravetto Enri, Massimiliano Probo, Enrico Banfi, Filippo Prosser, Antonio Pica, Riccardo Guarino, Andrea Lallai, Davide Dagnino, Davide Tomasi, Carmelo Maria Musarella, Fabrizio Bonali, Michele Lonati, Andrea Mainetti, Amara Noor Hussain, Giuliano Campus, Lorenzo Peruzzi, Orazio Caldarella, Davide Barberis, Maurizio Trenchi, Emilio Di Gristina, Federica Bonini, Maria Carmela Caria, UAM. Departamento de Biología, Galasso, G., Domina, G., Andreatta, S., Argenti, E., Bacchetta, G., Bagella, S., Banfi, E., Barberis, D., Bardi, S., Barone, G., Bartolucci, F., Bertolli, A., Biscotti, N., Bonali, F., Bonini, F., Bonsanto, D., Brundu, G., Buono, S., Caldarella, O., Calvia, G., Cambria, S., Campus, G., Caria, M. C., Conti, F., Coppi, A., Dagnino, D., Del Guacchio, E., Di Gristina, E., Farris, E., Ferretti, G., Festi, F., Fois, M., Furlani, F., Gigante, D., Guarino, R., Gubellini, L., Hofmann, N., Iamonico, D., Jimenez-Mejias, P., La Rosa, A., Laface, V. L. A., Lallai, A., Lazzaro, L., Lonati, M., Lozano, V., Luchino, F., Lupoletti, J., Magrini, S., Mainetti, A., Marchetti, D., Marenzi, P., Marignani, M., Martignoni, M., Mei, G., Menini, F., Merli, M., Mugnai, M., Musarella, C. M., Nicolella, G., Hussain, A. N., Olivieri, N., Orlandini, S., Peccenini, S., Peruzzi, L., Pica, A., Pilon, N., Pinzani, L., Pittarello, M., Podda, L., Probo, M., Prosser, F., Raffaelli, C., Enri, S. R., Rivieccio, G., Rosati, L., Sarmati, S., Scafidi, F., Selvi, F., Sennikov, A. N., Cocco, G. S., Spampinato, G., Stinca, A., Tavilla, G., Tomaselli, V., Tomasi, D., Tomasi, G., Trenchi, M., Turcato, C., Verloove, F., Viciani, D., Villa, M., Wagensommer, R. P., Lastrucci, L., Botany, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Andreatta, Sebastiano, Argenti, Emmanuelle, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Bagella, Simonetta, Banfi, Enrico, Barberis, Davide, Bardi, Serlapo, Barone, Giulio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Bertolli, Alessio, Biscotti, Nello, Bonali, Fabrizio, Bonini, Federica, Bonsanto, Daniele, Brundu, Giuseppe, Buono, Sergio, Caldarella, Orazio, Calvia, Giacomo, Cambria, Salvatore, Campus, Giuliano, Caria, Maria C., Conti, Fabio, Coppi, Andrea, Dagnino, Davide, Del Guacchio, Emanuele, Di Gristina, Emilio, Farris, Emmanuele, Ferretti, Giulio, Festi, Francesco, Fois, Mauro, Furlani, Fabrizio, Gigante, Daniela, Guarino, Riccardo, Gubellini, Leonardo, Hofmann, Nicole, Iamonico, Duilio, Jiménez-Mejias, Pedro, La Rosa, Alfonso, Laface, Valentina L. A., Lallai, Andrea, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lonati, Michele, Lozano, Vanessa, Luchino, Fabio, Lupoletti, Jacopo, Magrini, Sara, Mainetti, Andrea, Marchetti, Dino, Marenzi, Paolo, Marignani, Michela, Martignoni, Marco, Mei, Giacomo, Menini, Flavio, Merli, Marco, Mugnai, Michele, Musarella, Carmelo M., Nicolella, Gianluca, Noor Hussain, Amara, Olivieri, Nicola, Orlandini, Stefano, Peccenini, Simonetta, Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Pica, Antonio, Pilon, Nicola, Pinzani, Lorenzo, Pittarello, Marco, Podda, Lina, Probo, Massimiliano, Prosser, Filippo, Raffaelli, Claudio, Ravetto Enri, Simone, Rivieccio, Giovanni, Rosati, Leonardo, Sarmati, Simona, Scafidi, Filippo, Selvi, Federico, Sennikov, Alexander N., Sotgiu Cocco, Giovanna, Spampinato, Giovanni, Stinca, Adriano, Tavilla, Gianmarco, Tomaselli, Valeria, Tomasi, Davide, Tomasi, Giulia, Trenchi, Maurizio, Turcato, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Viciani, Daniele, Villa, Milena, Wagensommer, Robert P., and Lastrucci, Lorenzo
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Flora ,Alien species ,Plant Science ,Alien ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,floristic data ,Floristic Data ,Nomenclature ,Alien specie ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,Botany ,11831 Plant biology ,Biología y Biomedicina / Biología ,Alien Species ,Geography ,Italy ,QK1-989 ,Alien species, floristic data, Italy, nomenclature ,nomenclature ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Publisher Copyright: © This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates published elsewhere are provided as Suppl. material 1.
- Published
- 2021
28. Macroevolutionary insights into sedges ( Carex : Cyperaceae): The effects of rapid chromosome number evolution on lineage diversification
- Author
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Santiago Martín-Bravo, Modesto Luceño, Daniel Spalink, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Robert F. C. Naczi, Eric H. Roalson, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Andrew L. Hipp, and Marcial Escudero
- Subjects
Carex ,Chromosome number ,Lineage (genetic) ,Evolutionary biology ,Plant Science ,Cyperaceae ,Phylogenetic comparative methods ,Biology ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
29. Geographical vs. ecological diversification inCarexsectionPhacocystis(Cyperaceae): Patterns hidden behind a twisted taxonomy
- Author
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Sebastian Gebauer, Polina Volkova, Eric H. Roalson, Daniel Spalink, Matthias H. Hoffmann, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Andrew L. Hipp, Anton A. Reznicek, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, Tyril M. Pedersen, Okihito Yano, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, and Charlotte S. Bjorå
- Subjects
Carex ,biology ,Ecology ,Biogeography ,Biome ,Allopatric speciation ,Plant Science ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,biology.organism_classification ,Geography ,Sympatric speciation ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
30. Re-evaluating the presence of Carex microcarpa (Cyperaceae) in Italy based on herbarium material and DNA barcoding
- Author
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Santiago Martín-Bravo, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Mónica Míguez, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Mediterranean climate ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Carex microcarpa ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,DNA barcoding ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Herbarium ,Geography ,Botany ,Archipelago ,Mainland ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Carex microcarpa (sect. Rhynchocystis) is a Central Mediterranean endemic known from Corsica, Sardinia and the Tuscan archipelago, that has been also reported from scattered localities in mainland Italy (Abruzzo, Lazio and Apulia). We tested by molecular means the identification of three specimens classified as C. microcarpa from continental Italy, as well as a voucher from the Montecristo island (Tuscany) and one from Sardinia, whose taxonomic identity could not be determined with certainty by morphological examination. We performed a DNA barcoding study based on four DNA regions (two nuclear, two plastid). Our results reveal that none of previous mainland Italian records corresponds to C. microcarpa, but to C. pendula, which also belong to section Rhynchocystis, and in other cases possibly to C. acutiformis, from a different species group (sect. Paludosae). The specimen from Montecristo island was confirmed to be C. microcarpa. We conclude that C. microcarpa is likely a Tyrrhenian endemic exclusively known with certainty in Corsica, Sardinia and the Tuscan Archipelago. The presence of C. microcarpa in the Italian peninsula remains highly doubtful and we recommend its exclusion from checklists. Our study highlights the utility of DNA barcoding approaches in Carex when a reliable morphology-based identification is not possible. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2021.1897703 .
- Published
- 2021
31. A New Remarkable Dwarf Sedge (Carex phylloscirpoides, Cyperaceae) from Northern Chile, with Insights on the Evolution of Austral Carex section Racemosae
- Author
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Sebastian Gebauer, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Santiago Martín-Bravo, and Patricio Saldivia
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Carex ,Ecology ,Biogeography ,Endangered species ,Context (language use) ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Disjunct ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Critically endangered ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetics ,IUCN Red List ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
—We describe a new remarkable dwarf and apparently acaulescent species of Carex (Cyperaceae) from the Andes of northern Chile: Carex phylloscirpoides. Morphological and molecular data (two nuclear and three plastid DNA regions) were used to study the phylogenetic placement and systematic relationships of this species, which resulted in its assignment to Carex section Racemosae. However, despite being related to the other three species of the section present in the Southern Cone based on phylogenetic evidence, it displays a number of unusual morphological features. In addition, it is geographically disjunct and genetically differentiated from them. A preliminary conservation assessment was performed which resulted in the proposal of the Critically Endangered category at the global level under IUCN guidelines. We discuss the biogeographic and ecological peculiarities of the new species and its allies, with emphasis in the high number of acaulescent sedges present in South America. The features of C. phylloscirpoides emphasize its unique evolutionary position and its rarity highlights its conservation importance, especially in the context of the South American Andean flora.
- Published
- 2021
32. A synopsis of the androgynous species of Carex subgenus Vignea (Cyperaceae) in South America
- Author
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Santiago Martín-Bravo, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Sabina Donadío, Robert F. C. Naczi, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, and Eric H. Roalson
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Carex ,biology ,Plant Science ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Botany ,Cyperaceae ,Subgenus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
This is the first work of a series of thorough studies into the taxonomy and systematics of Carex in South America. Here, we present the systematic placement, biogeographic insights, taxonomic accounts, formal typifications and summarized distributions for the 24 species of Carex subgenus Vignea with androgynous spikes in the continent. We performed a phylogenetic study using the barcode markers ETS, ITS and matK to check the placement of 22 of these species on a previous tree with > 1000 Carex spp. We examined > 600 specimens from 38 herbaria and conducted an exhaustive nomenclatural survey consulting all pertinent literature. South American androgynous species of subgenus Vignea are grouped in seven distinct lineages, corresponding with the same number of inferred colonizations. Most groups seem to have colonized South America during the Plio-Pleistocene, except for species of section Bracteosae, a local radiation that dates back to the Late Miocene. All colonizations by native species seem to have originated from North America. The two putatively introduced taxa are western Palaearctic species. An identification key is provided for the studied species. We make 19 new typifications and a new species (Carex pedicularis) is described.
- Published
- 2021
33. The evolutionary history of sedges (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar
- Author
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Daniel Spalink, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Muthama Muasya, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Isabel Larridon, Marcial Escudero, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Carex ,Ecology ,biology ,Biogeography ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Geography ,Adaptive radiation ,Biological dispersal ,Cyperaceae ,Species richness ,Endemism ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Aim: Madagascar is renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity and endemism. With many ecosystems under threat, research is urgently needed on its unique plant diversity. This applies both to Madagascar's forests and treeless vegetation types. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are among the top 10 species-richest angiosperm families in Madagascar (310 native species, 38% endemic), of which two-thirds occur in open habitats. We aimed to infer the evolutionary history of sedges in Madagascar, by estimating the number, age and origins of endemic lineages, and how they diversified on the island. We tested contrasting hypotheses of (a) few colonizations but important in situ radiations against (b) a high number of anagenetic colonizations. Location: Madagascar and the surrounding Indian Ocean islands, integrated within a global dataset. Taxon: Sedge family Cyperaceae. Methods: We estimated time-calibrated molecular phylogenies encompassing a large proportion of Madagascar's known sedge flora (incl. 55% of native species), integrating sequence data for 1,382 accessions representing almost 25% of the c. 5,600 sedge species worldwide, combined with ancestral area reconstruction, diversification analyses and Bayesian stochastic mapping. Results: Cyperaceae lineages arrived in Madagascar from c. 40 Mya with many arriving more recently. About 20 endemic lineages of Cyperaceae occur on the island, of which only six encompass more than five species. All except one of the endemic lineages that diversified in Madagascar use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. The main biogeographical links of Madagascar's sedge flora are to Southern and Tropical Africa. Main conclusions: The biogeographical history of Cyperaceae in Madagascar is a chronicle of relatively recent multiple in and out processes of long-distance dispersal colonizations constrained by distance. Also, the Madagascar region is not only a ‘sink’ for immigrant taxa, in situ diversification and dispersal to other regions also occurred. Some of the most diverse endemic lineages show clear adaptation to local environments.
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- 2021
34. Incipient insular differentiation of Carex firmula (Cyperaceae, former genus Uncinia) in the Juan Fernández archipelago (Chile)
- Author
-
Pedro Jiménez-Mejías and Rhonda Ridley
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Poales ,Liliopsida ,Plant Science ,Biodiversity ,Cyperaceae ,Plantae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy - Abstract
A morphological and molecular study was carried out on two species of Carex from the former genus Uncinia from mainland South America and Juan Fernández Islands: C. firmula (Kük) J.R. Starr and C. subsacculata (G.A.Wheeler & Goetgh.) J.R.Starr. Both species share the particular character of having articulated pistillate scales that leave behind on the spike rachis a saccate stipe-like appendage after falling. We detected within C. firmula morphological differences between mainland South American specimens and Juan Fernández specimens, mainly regarding flower density and utricle size. On the contrary, the molecular analysis showed no molecular differentiation between the two groups of populations. Whereas, strong molecular and morphological support were found for C. subsacculata. As such, we recommend that the populations of C. firmula found on Juan Fernández and those found in the mainland should be recognised as different subspecies: island Carex firmula subsp. firmula and mainland C. firmula subsp. tenuis (Poepp. ex Kunth) R.Ridley & Jim.-Mejías. We discuss that the morphological differences may be a result of isolation in an oceanic island environment and have effect on seed dispersal. Taxonomic descriptions, images of diagnostic characters and a key are included.
- Published
- 2022
35. A new classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) subgenera supported by a HybSeq backbone phylogenetic tree
- Author
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Marlene Hahn, Modesto Luceño, Bora Lee, Bruce A. Ford, A. A. Reznicek, Eric H. Roalson, Sebastian Gebauer, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Isabel Larridon, Marcial Escudero, Matthias H. Hoffmann, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Sangtae Kim, Andrew L. Hipp, Julian R. Starr, Robert F. C. Naczi, J. Park, Marcia J. Waterway, David A. Simpson, Karen L. Wilson, Mario Rincón-Barrado, Tamara Villaverde, and Enrique Maguilla
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Systematics ,0303 health sciences ,Uncinia ,Carex ,Phylogenetic tree ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Carex siderosticta ,03 medical and health sciences ,Evolutionary biology ,Cyperaceae ,Subgenus ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
The field of systematics is experiencing a new molecular revolution driven by the increased availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies. As these techniques become more affordable, the increased genomic resources have increasingly far-reaching implications for our understanding of the Tree of Life. With c. 2000 species, Carex (Cyperaceae) is one of the five largest genera of angiosperms and one of the two largest among monocots, but the phylogenetic relationships between the main lineages are still poorly understood. We designed a Cyperaceae-specific HybSeq bait kit using transcriptomic data of Carex siderosticta and Cyperus papyrus. We identified 554 low-copy nuclear orthologous loci, targeting a total length of c. 1 Mbp. Our Cyperaceae-specific kit shared loci with a recently published angiosperm-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment kit, which enabled us to include and compile data from different sources. We used our Cyperaceae kit to sequence 88 Carex spp., including samples of all the five major clades in the genus. For the first time, we present a phylogenetic tree of Carex based on hundreds of loci (308 nuclear exon matrices, 543 nuclear intron matrices and 66 plastid exon matrices), demonstrating that there are six strongly supported main lineages in Carex: the Siderostictae, Schoenoxiphium, Unispicate, Uncinia, Vignea and Core Carex clades. Based on our results, we suggest a revised subgeneric treatment and provide lists of the species belonging to each of the subgenera. Our results will inform future biogeographic, taxonomic, molecular dating and evolutionary studies in Carex and provide the step towards a revised classification that seems likely to stand the test of time.
- Published
- 2020
36. The systematic position of the enigmatic rare South African endemic Carex acocksii: Its relevance on the biogeography and evolution of Carex sect. Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae)
- Author
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José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Modesto Luceño, Nicholas Alexander Helme, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Carex ,IUCN protected area categories ,biology ,Ecology ,Lineage (evolution) ,Biogeography ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Critically endangered ,Geography ,Genus ,Biological dispersal ,Conservation status ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Carex acocksii is a sedge species known only from two populations in the Karoo of the Northern Cape in South Africa. It was described from a single locality (Hantam Mts., Calvinia) more than twenty years ago, and tentatively ascribed to section Petraea because of its unispicate inflorescence and utricles with membranaceous-papyraceous walls. However, its systematic relationships have remained largely unexplored. We perform molecular, morphological and biogeographic studies in order to elucidate the systematic relationships and origin of this poorly known species. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and two plastid (matK, rps16) markers strongly supports that C. acocksii belongs to Carex sect. Schoenoxiphium (former genus Schoenoxiphium), a lineage with its center of diversity in South Africa. However, C. acocksii displays a remarkable molecular (i.e. long phylogenetic branch), morphological (i.e. unispicate inflorescence and poorly veined, weak utricle walls), geographical (isolated populations placed more than 100 kms from any other native Carex species) and ecological (the only Carex species known exclusively from the Great Karoo) differentiation with respect to the remainder of sect. Schoenoxiphium. The section has been inferred to have originated 15 Mya in the Drakensberg, and to have speciated after dispersal to other areas at least three times (C. chermezonii was not included in this study), one of these cases being C. acocksii. These features highlight the evolutionary singularity and conservation importance of this species, especially in the context of South African flora. We reassessed the conservation status of C. acocksii at a global scale under IUCN categories and criteria, resulting in the proposal of the Critically Endangered category for the species.
- Published
- 2020
37. Chorological and nomenclatural notes on Peruvian Carex (Cyperaceae)
- Author
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Sebastian Riva-Regalado, Marcial Escudero, Bárbara Ruthsatz, Mónica S. Maldonado Fonkén, J. José Alegría-Olivera, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Hamilton Beltrán, Arturo Granda-Paucar, and Asunción Cano
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Systematics ,Carex ,biology ,Chorology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Cyperaceae ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Here we present relevant records of nine species of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) new for Peru: C. amicta, C. brehmeri, C. camptoglochin, C. enneastachya, C. livida, C. maritima, C. ownbeyi, C. ruthsatzae, and C. vallis-pulchrae. We perform the lectotypification of the names Carex camptoglochin, C. amicta and C. confertospicata.
- Published
- 2020
38. Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain)
- Author
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Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, and Santiago Martin-Bravo
- Subjects
new species ,morphometrics ,Phacocystis ,Poales ,Liliopsida ,Mediterranean ,Biota ,Iberian peninsula ,phylogenetics ,Tracheophyta ,Cytogenetics ,taxonomy ,Carex ,Cyperaceae ,Plantae ,Quercus forest - Abstract
Despite centuries of intense work, the basic taxonomic knowledge of the flora of the Iberian peninsula is still incomplete, especially for highly diverse and/or difficult genera such as Carex. In this study, we conducted an integrative systematic study based on molecular, morphological and cytogenetic data to elucidate the taxonomic status of several problematic Carex populations from La Mancha region (S Spain) belonging to Carex sect. Phacocystis. These populations have been traditionally considered of uncertain taxonomic adscription, but close to C. reuteriana. A detailed morphological and cytogenetic study was performed with 16 sampled La Mancha problematic populations (Sierra Madrona, Montes de Toledo) in order to compare them with the other Iberian sect. Phacocystis species. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and two plastid (rpl32‐trnLUAG, ycf6‐psbM) DNA regions, including representatives from the whole sect. Phacocystis. We found a significant degree of molecular and morphological differentiation that supports the recognition of these populations as a new Iberian endemic species, Carex quixotiana. Our results reveal that, unexpectedly, C. quixotiana is more closely related to C. nigra than to C. reuteriana on the basis of phylogenetic relationships and chromosome number. However, the overall morphological appearance and ecological preferences were misleadingly suggesting affinities with C. reuteriana. These contrasting patterns reflect the taxonomic complexity in sect. Phacocystis and remark the need of integrative systematic approaches to disentangle fiendish evolutionary scenarios.
- Published
- 2022
39. Insect pollination in temperate sedges? A case study in Rhynchospora alba (Cyperaceae)
- Author
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Juan Carlos Zamora, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Irene Villa-Machío, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, and Jose Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Pollination ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Entomophily ,Anemophily ,reproductive biology ,Plant Science ,Insect ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Rhynchospora alba ,Botany ,tetrazolium test ,Temperate climate ,fitness traits ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,media_common ,entomophily - Abstract
Sedges (Cyperaceae) are commonly pollinated by wind, but some transitions from wind to insect pollination have been reported in tropical sedges. Despite being a temperate sedge, the pollination strategy of Rhynchospora alba may partly depend on insects, as suggested by its white-colored inflorescences. Here we quantify the contribution of insects to the reproductive fitness of R. alba as an exploration of the success of entomophily in temperate sedges. Honeybees and hoverflies seem to be the primary visitors of R. alba in the study site, and pollen of R. alba was recovered from the mouthparts and legs of the insects. Treatments excluding insects led to a lower reproductive fitness (regarding fruit weight and fruit viability) than those not excluding them. Therefore, insects seem to contribute significantly to the pollination of R. alba despite moderate morphological adaptation. We highlight the role of entomophily as an overlooked reproductive mechanism in cold-temperate sedges.
- Published
- 2022
40. Citas y apuntes corológicos de interés en ciperáceas ibéricas
- Author
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Santiago Martín Bravo, Juan Antonio Calleja Alarcón, Ana Otero Gómez, Pedro Jiménez Mejías, and Laura Martín Torrijos
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences - Abstract
Se presentan novedades y correcciones corológicas para cuatro especies de ciperáceas ibéricas de interés.
- Published
- 2020
41. Critical comments on the types of two 19th-century North American plant names
- Author
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Pedro Jiménez-Mejías and Robert F. C. Naczi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Riparia ,biology ,Verbenaceae ,Verbena officinalis ,Holotype ,Plant Science ,Boraginaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Plant ecology ,Lithospermum molle ,Botany ,Verbena ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
We identify specimens belonging to the original material of the names Onosmodium molle Michaux (Boraginaceae) and Verbena riparia Raf. ex Small & Heller (Verbenaceae). We designate the lectotype for O. molle. On the other hand, we present evidence that original material of V. riparia is indeed the holotype, which supersedes a previous lectotype designation.
- Published
- 2019
42. The Quinquín Sedges: Taxonomy of theCarex phleoidesGroup (Cyperaceae)
- Author
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Laurence J. Dorr and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Species complex ,Uncinia ,Carex ,biology ,Synonym ,Plant Science ,Subspecies ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,Taxon ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Carex phleoides Cav. is the largest species of the former genus Uncinia Pers. It is widely distributed in the Neotropics and is also known from the Juan Fernandez archipelago off the coast of Chile. A second taxon, U. trichocarpa C. A. Mey., is often considered a synonym of C. phleoides, but also sometimes a variety of that species or even a distinct species. We performed a morphometric study using representative material covering the entire distribution and morphological variation of C. phleoides s.l. to clarify its taxonomy. Our analyses revealed that U. trichocarpa is distinct from C. phleoides. Accordingly, we coined the name C. quinquin Jim.-Mejias & Dorr to accommodate this species under Carex L. because combinations of other available names are all blocked. Carex phleoides displayed two extremes of variation with geographical correspondence, a southern form in the Southern Cone north to Bolivia, and a northern one ranging from Bolivia to Mexico. We propose to recognize two subspecies within C. phleoides, the nominate subspecies being the southern one, and the northern one based on the epithet koyamae. Plants from the Juan Fernandez archipelago were shown to be morphologically intermediate with the endemic C. plurinervata J. R. Starr, a result that might point to introgression between these two species. We selected lectotypes for nine names, including two of the accepted ones, as well as their synonyms.
- Published
- 2018
43. Targeted sequencing supports morphology and embryo features in resolving the classification of Cyperaceae tribe Fuireneae s.l
- Author
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Julian R. Starr, Isabel Larridon, Lisa Pokorny, William J. Baker, Izai A. B. Sabino Kikuchi, Étienne Léveillé-Bourret, Félix Forest, Ilias Semmouri, Niroshini Epitawalage, Alexandre R. Zuntini, Isabel Fairlie, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Grace E. Brewer, Muthama Muasya, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Institut de Recherches en Biologie Végétale [Montréal] (IRBV), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, University of Cape Town, Department of Biological Sciences, Bolus Herbarium, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Hortus Botanicus Leiden, Hortus botanicus Leiden, This study was supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Grant to JRS (RGPIN 2018‐04115), enabling a 6‐week research stay at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, covering part of the laboratory work and sequencing costs. The remaining costs were covered by the Calleva Foundation and the Sackler Trust through the Plant and Fungal Trees of Life programme (https://www.kew.org/science/our‐science/projects/plant‐and‐fungal‐trees‐of‐life), and a grant to IL from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew to support monographic research using targeted sequencing., and UAM. Departamento de Biología
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Paraphyly ,Evolution ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Plant Science ,Tribe (biology) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Monophyly ,taxonomy ,Behavior and Systematics ,Genus ,taxon limits ,Schoenoplectus ,Cyperaceae ,targeted sequencing ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biology ,Ecology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Angiosperms353 ,biology.organism_classification ,Biología y Biomedicina / Biología ,classification ,Fuireneae ,Evolutionary biology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Molecular phylogenetic studies based on Sanger sequences have shown that Cyperaceae tribe Fuireneae s.l. is paraphyletic. However, taxonomic sampling in these studies has been poor, topologies have been inconsistent, and support for the backbone of trees has been weak. Moreover, uncertainty still surrounds the morphological limits of Schoenoplectiella, a genus of mainly small, amphicarpic annuals that was recently segregated from Schoenoplectus. Consequently, despite ample evidence from molecular analyses that Fuireneae s.l. might consist of two to four tribal lineages, no taxonomic changes have yet been made. Here, we use the Angiosperms353 enrichment panel for targeted sequencing to (i) clarify the relationships of Fuireneae s.l. with the related tribes Abildgaardieae, Eleocharideae, and Cypereae; (ii) define the limits of Fuireneae s.s., and (iii) test the monophyly of Fuireneae s.l. genera with emphasis on Schoenoplectus and Schoenoplectiella. Using more than a third of Fuireneae s.l. diversity, our phylogenomic analyses strongly support six genera and four major Fuireneae s.l. clades that we recognize as tribes: Bolboschoeneae stat.nov., Fuireneae s.s., Schoenoplecteae, and Pseudoschoeneae tr. nov. These results are consistent with morphological, micromorphological (nutlet epidermal cell shape), and embryo differences detected for each tribe. At the generic level, most sub-Saharan African perennials currently treated in Schoenoplectus are transferred to Schoenoplectiella. Our targeted sequencing results show that these species are nested in Schoenoplectiella, and their treatment here is consistent with micromorphological and embryo characters shared by all Schoenoplectiella species. Keys to recognized tribes and genera are provided.
- Published
- 2021
44. A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data
- Author
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Ilias Semmouri, Daniel Spalink, Félix Forest, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Martin Xanthos, Isabel Larridon, Kenneth Bauters, Eric H. Roalson, Tamara Villaverde, Lisa Pokorny, Modesto Luceño, Olivier Maurin, A. Muthama Muasya, William J. Baker, Étienne Léveillé-Bourret, Isabel Fairlie, Izai A. B. Sabino Kikuchi, Marcial Escudero, Julian R. Starr, Jeremy J. Bruhl, Russell L. Barrett, Andrew L. Hipp, Suzana M. Costa, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Paul Goetghebeur, Tammy L. Elliott, Grace E. Brewer, Niroshini Epitawalage, David A. Simpson, Karen L. Wilson, Alexandre R. Zuntini, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Wayt Thomas, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Systematics ,Poales ,Evolution ,Lineage (evolution) ,CAREX CYPERACEAE ,Plant Science ,Tribe (biology) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,taxonomy ,ELEOCHARIS CYPERACEAE ,Genus ,DNA-SEQUENCE DATA ,Phylogenomics ,INFRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION ,SEDGES CYPERACEAE ,Cyperaceae ,targeted sequencing ,Clade ,systematics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biology ,Ecology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Angiosperms353 ,phylogenomics ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,TETRARIA CYPERACEAE ,classification ,GENERIC CIRCUMSCRIPTION ,Evolutionary biology ,SPECIES TREE RECONSTRUCTION ,TRIBE SCHOENEAE ,010606 plant biology & botany ,TAXONOMIC REVISION - Abstract
Cyperaceae (sedges) are the third largest monocot family and are of considerable economic and ecological importance. Sedges represent an ideal model family to study evolutionary biology because of their species richness, global distribution, large discrepancies in lineage diversity, broad range of ecological preferences, and adaptations including multiple origins of C4 photosynthesis and holocentric chromosomes. Goetghebeur’s seminal work on Cyperaceae published in 1998 provided the most recent complete classification at tribal and generic level, based on a morphological study of Cyperaceae inflorescence, spikelet, flower and embryo characters plus anatomical and other information. Since then, several family‐level molecular phylogenetic studies using Sanger sequence data have been published. Here, more than 20 years after the last comprehensive classification of the family, we present the first family‐wide phylogenomic study of Cyperaceae based on targeted sequencing using the Angiosperms353 probe kit sampling 311 accessions. Additionally, 62 accessions available from GenBank were mined for overlapping reads and included in the phylogenomic analyses. Informed by this backbone phylogeny, a new classification for the family at the tribal, subtribal and generic levels is proposed. The majority of previously recognized suprageneric groups are supported, and for the first time we establish support for tribe Cryptangieae as a clade including the genus Koyamaea. We provide a taxonomic treatment including identification keys and diagnoses for the 2 subfamilies, 24 tribes and 10 subtribes and basic information on the 95 genera. The classification includes five new subtribes in tribe Schoeneae: Anthelepidinae, Caustiinae, Gymnoschoeninae, Lepidospermatinae and Oreobolinae. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
45. An integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae)
- Author
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Enrique Maguilla, Marcial Escudero, Rogelio Sánchez-Villegas, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, A. Muthama Muasya, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Tamara Villaverde, Manuel Sánchez-Villegas, Mónica Míguez, Modesto Luceño, Santiago Martín-Bravo, UAM. Departamento de Biología, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología
- Subjects
Systematics ,Morphology ,Nomen novum ,Identification key ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cytogenetics ,Genus ,South africa ,Taxonomy ,Schoenoxiphium ,Carex ,biology ,Nomenclature ,General Neuroscience ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Biología y Biomedicina / Biología ,Herbarium ,Geography ,Taxon ,Evolutionary biology ,Medicine ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Cyperaceae ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important morphological and molecular background in particular dealing with the complexity of its inflorescence and the phylogenetic relationships of its species. We here present a fully updated and integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium based on morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data. A total of 1,017 herbarium specimens were examined and the majority of the species were studied in the field. Previous molecular phylogenies based on Sanger-sequencing of four nuclear and plastid DNA regions and RAD-seq were expanded. For the first time, chromosome numbers were obtained, with cytogenetic counts on 44 populations from 15 species and one hybrid. Our taxonomic treatment recognizes 21 species, one of them herein newly described (C. gordon-grayae). Our results agree with previous molecular works that have found five main lineages in Schoenoxiphium. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps and analytical drawings of all accepted species in section Schoenoxiphium, an identification key, and a thorough nomenclatural survey including 19 new typifications and one nomen novum.
- Published
- 2021
46. Are Cenozoic relict species also climatic relicts? Insights from the macroecological evolution of the giant sedges of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae)
- Author
-
Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Santiago Martín-Bravo, Mónica Míguez, María Sanz-Arnal, and UAM. Departamento de Biología
- Subjects
Lineage (evolution) ,Species distribution ,Niche ,Allopatric speciation ,Plant Science ,Niche conservatism ,Late Miocene ,Forests ,Genetics ,Projection ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecosystem ,Phylogeny ,Laurel forest ,Ecological niche ,Carex ,biology ,Ecology ,Fossils ,Null model ,Laurisilva ,biology.organism_classification ,Fossil records ,Biología y Biomedicina / Biología ,Biological Evolution ,Niche shift ,Cyperaceae ,Carex Plant - Abstract
PREMISE Most of the Paleotropical flora widely distributed in the Western Palearctic became extinct during the Mio-Pliocene as a result of global geoclimatic changes. A few elements from this Cenozoic flora are believed to remain as relicts in Macaronesia, forming part of the Macaronesian Laurel Forest. Although the origins of the present species assembly are known to be heterogeneous, it is unclear whether some species should be considered climatic relicts with conserved niches. An ideal group to study such relict characteristics is the Miocene lineage of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis, which comprises four species distributed in the mainland Palearctic and Macaronesia. METHODS We reconstructed the current and past environmental spaces for extant mainland and Macaronesian species, and for the occurrence of Pliocene fossils. We also studied the bioclimatic niche evolution. Species Distribution Modeling and Ensemble Small Modeling were performed to assess the potential distribution over time. KEY RESULTS The ecological requirements of Macaronesian species did not overlap with those of either mainland species or with the Pliocene fossils. Conversely, the niches of mainland species displayed significant similarity and equivalence. The ecological differentiation within Macaronesia and similarity across the continent were evaluated in bioclimatic evolution and distribution modeling analyses. CONCLUSIONS Macaronesian species are not climatic relicts from the Paleotropical flora, but instead seems have changed the ecological niche from their ancestors. By contrast, despite their ancient divergence (Late Miocene), mainland C. pendula and C. agastachys show conserved niches, with competitive exclusion likely shaping their mostly allopatric ranges. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
47. Chorological, nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) from Bolivia and northern Argentina
- Author
-
Mariela Fabbroni, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, and A. Haigh
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Carex ,biology ,Plant Science ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Plant ecology ,Geography ,Botany ,Typification ,Taxonomy (biology) ,National level ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Here, we present relevant records of three species that are new at national level (Carex jamesonii Boott and C. pseudomacloviana G.A.Wheeler for Bolivia, and C. ruthsatziae G.A.Wheeler for Argentina), six new regional records for Bolivia (C. acutata Boott, C. bonariensis Desf. ex Poir., C. crassiflora Kuk., C. feddeana H.Pfeiff., C. fuscula d’Urv., and C. pachamamae Jim.Mejias & Reznicek), and additional records of rare plants (C. pachamamae and C. ruthsatziae). We describe C. giovanniana Jim.Mejias as a new species previously misidentified as C. subdivulsa (Kuk.) G.A.Wheeler. In addition, we perform the typification for four names (C. acutata, C. crassiflora, C. jamesonii, and C. tessellata Spruce ex C.B.Clarke). Comments on the taxonomy of C. ruthsatziae are provided. We synonymise C. obtusisquama (Gross) G.A.Wheeler & S.Beck to C. crassiflora, and C. tessellata to C. acutata.
- Published
- 2020
48. ‘Endangered living fossils’ (ELFs): Long-term survivors through periods of dramatic climate change
- Author
-
Pablo Vargas, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, and Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Ecology ,Lineage (evolution) ,Endangered species ,Biodiversity ,Climate change ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Critically endangered ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Threatened species ,IUCN Red List ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Living fossil ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Geography and climate have been the main drivers of evolution in recent geological epochs. While new lineages of species have been formed in the last millions of years (speciation) and others have vanished as a result of historical climate changes (extinction), some ancient lineages appear to have persisted to the present day without net diversification. In this paper, evolution of ancient lineages is addressed by combining phylogenetic and conservation approaches to test the concept of ‘endangered living fossil’ (ELF). Using endangered, monospecific genera as starting point, we propose three criteria to identify ELFs (in order): (1) scarcity and narrow distribution of populations, i.e. the species (and thus the genus) is categorised as either ‘endangered’ or ‘critically endangered’ using IUCN criteria; (2) evolutionary distinctiveness, i.e. phylogenetic singularity of a single-species lineage as a result of a null net diversification rate; (iii) ancient divergence, i.e. split from the closest extant relatives predating the dramatic climate changes of particular geological epochs (specifically changes since the Miocene-Pliocene boundary). The vascular flora of the Iberian Peninsula offers a suitable study system to reliably test the ELF concept. Indeed, time-calibrated phylogenies revealed that five of the six critically endangered, monospecific genera endemic to the Iberian Peninsula are ELFs. These five genera appear to have diverged from their closest relatives in the Oligocene (Gyrocaryum), Miocene (Avellara, Castrilanthemum, Gadoria) and around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (Naufraga). This result entails long-term survival (with no net diversification) through at least three dramatic climate changes: the Messinian Salinity Crisis (late Miocene), the establishment of the mediterranean climate (Pliocene), and the glacial-interglacial cycles (Pleistocene). Using results from the literature, we found examples of ELFs for the mediterranean floras of California (Dodecahema), Chile (Avellanita, Gomortega, Legrandia) and other Mediterranean areas of Europe (Petagnaea, Phitosia). ELFs are unique and threatened lineages representing an exceptional evolutionary heritage, and therefore they should be prioritised in biodiversity research and conservation programs.
- Published
- 2020
49. Secuenciación masiva de ADN en conservación: desvelando la historia evolutiva de las especies litorales amenazadas de Iberodes (Boraginaceae)
- Author
-
Pablo Vargas, Ana Otero, Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, Virginia Valcárcel, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Andrew L. Hipp, and UAM. Departamento de Biología
- Subjects
Amenaza de Iberodes (Boraginaceae) ,ADN ,Conservación ,Botánica ,General Medicine ,Especies litorales - Abstract
Iberodes M. Serrano, R. Carbajal & S. Ortiz es un genero de Boraginaceas subendemico de la peninsula Iberica, con poblaciones disyuntas en Francia (region sureste y costa oeste en el Golfo de Vizcaya). Este genero comprende cinco especies de plantas anuales (una de ellas con dos subespecies), originalmente consideradas dentro del genero Omphalodes (Serrano et al., 2016). Si tenemos en cuenta la especializacion ecologica de las cinco especies, el genero se puede dividir en dos grupos: por un lado, tres especies de ambientes continentales del interior; y por otro, dos especies litorales que viven sobre dunas costeras. Otra peculiaridad anadida de este genero es que cuatro de las cinco especies estan catalogadas dentro de las categorias de riesgo y amenaza de la UICN, y tres de ellas cuentan con proteccion legal de acuerdo con los catalogos regionales de Castilla y Leon y Galicia, el Catalogo Espanol, la Directiva de Habitats y el Convenio de Berna
- Published
- 2019
50. Reconciling morphology and phylogeny allows an integrative taxonomic revision of the giant sedges of Carex section Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae)
- Author
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Santiago Martín-Bravo, Mónica Míguez, and Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Carex ,biology ,Morphology (biology) ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Evolutionary biology ,Section (archaeology) ,Phylogenetics ,Cyperaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2018
Catalog
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