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Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) está asociado a un incremento del riesgo cardiovascular. Los donantes de sangre son una población aparentemente sana en donde ciertas características cardiometabolicas no son evaluadas en su selección, existiendo limitada información sobre su presencia. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de síndrome metabólico y sus características metabólicas en donantes de sangre. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 244 donantes de sangre entre 18 y 55 años que acudieron al Servicio de Hemoterapia y Banco de sangre del Hospital Cayetano Heredia en Lima- Perú, durante el mes de mayo del 2023. Se realizó el diagnóstico de SM según los criterios del Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Se realizó un análisis bivariado entre el SM y características metabólicas con el sexo y se consideró un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: El 63.9% de los donantes de sangre fueron del sexo masculino. El 43.6 % de la población presentó SM. Las características más frecuentes fueron la hipertrigliceridemia (54.5%), obesidad abdominal (51.2%) y lipoproteina de alta densidad (HDL) bajo (48.8%). El rango de edad de 40 a 49 años presentó la mayor frecuencia de SM (14.3%). La hipertrigliceridemia y presión arterial elevada estuvieron asociadas al sexo masculino (p=0.003 y p=0.019 respectivamente), mientras que el HDL bajo al sexo femenino (p

Background: Undernutrition is projected to be a major consequence of climate change. Biodiversity could enhance climate change resilience by improving nutritional outcomes and providing healthy food resources during and/or after climate-related events. For Indigenous populations who currently base their diet on local biodiversity, rapid climate changes may affect their ability to produce, access or gather food and consequently impact their nutritional status. There is a knowledge gap regarding whether nutritional status among Indigenous populations is better among those who consume a diet with greater biodiversity than those who have a diet with low biodiversity. Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of food biodiversity (FBD) in nutritional resilience to extreme flooding events of Shawi Amazon Indigenous adults living in Peruvian communities that have experienced extreme floods in the past five years. Methods: This study will use a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. The quantitative component includes a cross-sectional survey to assess the association between food biodiversity (FBD) and the prevalence of anaemia in adults aged 15 to 60 years old (n=365). Anaemia will be evaluated using blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin. FBD will be measured with a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall. Soil-transmitted helminth infections, malaria, and inflammatory biomarkers will also be evaluated. Qualitative component will include a community-based participatory approach to investigate the role of FBD in the responses to extreme floods. Male (n=14) and female (n=14) participants, previously identified in the quantitative phase with high and low levels of FBD, will be invited to participate in a Photovoice activity and semi-structured interviews. A analytical framework for climate change resilience will be used to integrate the data. Discussion: Findings will be integrated to identify features of diet quality to suggest nutritional interventions that are resilient to changing climatic conditions in the Amazon and respect Indigenous views.

Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre la glucosa salival y marcadores de disfunción de célula beta en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal llevado a cabo en el Centro de Investigación en Diabetes, Obesidad y Nutrición (CIDON) en Lima, Perú durante el año 2021. Se categorizó en buen control metabólico (HbA1c

Objective: To characterize and compare the beta-cell function and insulin resistance among Peruvian adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their non-diabetic, overweight and lean peers. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 54 adolescents aged 10–19 years, distributed in three sex- and age-matched groups (n = 18): (i) adolescents with T2D; (ii) overweight adolescents without T2D; and (iii) lean adolescents without T2D, at the Diabetes, Obesity and Nutrition Research Center in Lima, Peru. Fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin were measured for all participants. In addition, a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 1.75 mg of glucose/kg body weight) was performed, during which glucose and C-peptide were quantified. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) were derived for all participants, and beta-cell function was further examined by the area under the curve (AUC) of C-peptide. Results: The median HOMA-IR score was higher in adolescents with T2D compared to lean adolescents (6.1 vs. 2.1; p = 0.002), but was not different from that of overweight adolescents (6.1 vs. 4.0; p = 0.322). The median HOMA-B was higher in overweight adolescents than in lean adolescents (256.9 vs. 134.2; p = 0.015), and adolescents with T2D (256.9 vs. 119.8; p = 0.011). The mean AUC of glucose in adolescents with T2D was 1.8-fold higher than that of overweight adolescents, and 1.9-fold higher than that of lean adolescents (p

Introduction: skin ulcers can generate serious complications in people with diabetes, which can lead to partial or total amputation of the compromised limb. Platelet-rich gel is being used frequently to promote the healing of a skin ulcer. However, the clinical outcomes in healing are often variable because the factors that influence this procedure are not yet fully understood. Objective: to evaluate the effect of the platelet-rich xenogenic gel on the healing of an induced skin ulcer in a model in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods: 12 Sprague dawley rats were used and divided into 3 groups of 4 rats with an induced 15mm skin ulcer each. Group 1 (with T2D): platelet-rich xenogenic gel was applied. Group 2 (rats with T2D) and group 3 (rats without T2D) applied saline and a dressing. The wound surface was measured on days 0, 20, 29 and 33 using a digital micrometer and photographs.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been considered for many years a metabolic disease without participation of the immune system; but in recent years this view has changed since the chronic inflammatory state and hyperglycemia that characterizes them increase the production of cytokines, resulting in autoimmune activation. T2D in adolescents is an entity that is becoming more frequent, originated by the increase in obesity in our country which generates a disfunction of the beta cell that may be associated with presence of antibodies. Objective: Determine the relationship between antibodies and beta cell function in adolescents with T2D. Material and methods: cross-sectional, retrospective study in which were review the medical records of 30 adolescents with T2D between 12 and 17 years old who attended at “Centro de Investigación en Diabetes, Obesidad Nutrición (CIDON)” in Lima-Peru. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, basal glucose, glycated hemoglobin and basal peptide C and antibodies: anti glutamate decarboxylase (ANTI-GAD), antiInsulin (AAI), Anti-IA2 (anti tyrosine phosphatase 2) were collected. Then they were divided into two groups: those with at least one positive antibody and those with negative antibodies. Also, the relationships of antibodies with beta cell function parameters were found.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, accounting for approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes and mainly due to poor eating habits. In the Peruvian population there is an increase of unhealthy diets based mainly on an excess consumption of carbohydrates (63%) unlike other countries in South America. The increase in T2D cases implies the need to search for more effective treatment regimens, which is why it is first necessary to design animal models to achieve this objective. Objective: develop a model of T2D in rats with the use of a diet high-carbohydrates and easily digested fats and low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). Material and methods: 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in two groups: control group (CG): normal diet (4); and treatment group (GT): hypercaloric diet (20), for 2 months, and then both groups were chemically induced with STZ (30 mg / Kg.). The GT diet was: 5.95% Kcal from protein, 25.7% Kcal from fat and 58.5% Kcal from carbohydrates (caloric value: 483.25 Kcal / 100gr). GC was: 17% Kcal of protein, 3% Kcal of fat, 50% Kcal of carbohydrates and the remaining fiber, moisture, ash and nitrogen-free extracts (caloric value: 295 Kcal / 100g). Glycemia was measured before and after the differentiated diet and at 5 and 10 days after chemical induction. Serum insulin was carried out after induction.

Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y bioquímicas de un grupo de niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico reciente de diabetes tipo 2. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo de serie de casos. Se definió caso al niño o adolescente con glucosa plasmática en ayunas mayor a 126 mg/dl, ausencia de antiGAD y péptido C mayor a 1,5 ng/dl. Se excluyeron a los pacientes con diagnóstico previo de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, diabetes tipo MODY o diabetes secundaria a uso de fármacos. Resultados: La edad media fue 14,3 años, 59% fueron mujeres y 43% tenía por lo menos un padre con diabetes tipo 2. Al momento del diagnóstico, el índice de masa corporal fue 32,8 kg/m2, 85% tenía acantosis nigricans y 68% estaba en estadio Tanner IV y V. El tratamiento inicial incluyó el uso de hipoglicemiantes orales en 75% de los casos, siendo más frecuente el uso de metformina (64,3%). Solamente el 41% de los pacientes recibía algún tipo de insulina. Conclusiones: Los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 2, tienen una frecuencia aumentada de obesidad/sobrepeso, acantosis nigricans y antecedente familiar de DM2. En general, tienen mal control metabólico y reciben metformina como tratamiento inicial.

Se reporta el caso de una niña con obesidad que acudió a nuestro hospital por presentar cetoacidosis diabética. El manejo inicial incluyó hidratación enérgica e insulina endovenosa. El análisis de anticuerpos anti-GAD fue negativo y el péptido C fue normal. El control metabólico a largo plazo fue con metformina, dieta y ejercicio.Tradicionalmente, la diabetes tipo 2 ha sido considerada una enfermedad de adultos. Sin embargo, a medida que aumenta la prevalencia de obesidad en niños, aumenta el número de casos de diabetes tipo 2 en este grupo etáreo. La hiperglicemia sostenida puede deteriorar la secreción de insulina por parte de las células beta del páncreas. Este fenómeno, llamado glucotoxicidad, puede explicar porque algunos pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 presentan cetoacidosis diabética. No todos los niños que debutan con cetoacidosis diabética tienen diabetes tipo 1.(Rev Med Hered 2011;22:139-142).

El Mediterráneo es una de las regiones turísticas más importantes del mundo. En este trabajo, estudiamos la influencia de la actividad terrorista sobre los flujos de visitantes en la región Mediterránea. Para ello, analizamos conjuntamente la distribución geográfica y la evolución temporal de las llegadas y salidas de visitantes, así como distribución geográfica y la evolución temporal de la actividad terrorista en los países bañados por el Mar Mediterráneo durante el periodo 1997-2017. Los resultados muestran que la actividad terrorista influye sobre la redistribución de los flujos turísticos en el Mediterráneo. Concluimos que la seguridad se afianza como un factor esencial en la competitividad de los destinos turísticos.

The Itaquaquecetuba Formation can be considered as relatively well-known from a paleontological viewpoint. Itsfossil content, which is very rich and represented by plants (tree trunks, seeds and leaves) and palynomorphs, has beenstudied in detail, allowing several authors to suggest different ages and depositional conditions for this unit in terms ofpaleoclimate and paleoenvironment. At the present state of knowledge, the age assumed of this formation is Paleogene(upper Eocene to lower Oligocene) or Neogene (Miocene), although controversies still remain about the depositionalpaleoclimate and paleoenvironment. More recently, OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) depositional ages between47,000 ± 6,000 and 89,000 ± 12,000 years were obtained from samples of sands from the Itaquareia sand pit located in thecity of Itaquaquecetuba (São Paulo state). These ages correspond to the Pleistocene (Quaternary) and are correlatable withthe time of the Wisconsin Glaciation in North America. Considering these new data and some stratigraphic aspects whichwere unknown before this study, great part of the Itaquaquecetuba Formation, which outcrops in the Itaquareia sand pit, ishere interpreted as a Quaternary fluvial channel deposit.

A Formação Itaquaquecetuba pode ser considerada como relativamente bem conhecida sob o ponto de vista paleontológico. O seu rico conteúdo fossilífero, representado por macrorrestos (troncos, sementes e folhas de árvores) e microrrestos (palinomorfos) vegetais, foi estudado com bom nível de detalhe e permitiu que diferentes autores sugerissem sua provável idade e as condições do sítio deposicional em termos de paleoclima e paleoambiente, embora ainda restem grandes controvérsias sobre estes temas. No atual estágio de conhecimento, são admitidas idades do Paleógeno (Eoceno Superior a Oligoceno Inferior) ou do Neógeno (Mioceno). Entretanto, recentes datações por LOE (Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada) das areias amostradas na cava da Itaquareia, em Itaquaquecetuba, SP, fornecem idades deposicionais variáveis de 47.000 ± 6.000 a 89.000 ± 12.000 anos. Essas idades correspondem ao Pleistoceno (Quaternário) e são correlacionáveis ao tempo da glaciação Wisconsiniana da América do Norte. Em função desses novos dados e considerando-se alguns aspectos estratigráficos praticamente ignorados até o momento, grande parte da Formação Itaquaquecetuba, aflorante em Itaquareia, é aqui interpretada como depósito de paleocanal fluvial do Quaternário.

Apresentam-se os resultados de uma investigação detalhada onde foram delimitadas as plumas de fase livre de tetracloroeteno (PCE) e de fase dissolvida deste composto e de seus compostos de degradação, num contexto hidrogeológico dos sedimentos da Bacia de São Paulo. Cerca de 120 furos de sondagem e 66 poços de monitoramento foram realizados para a delimitação da fase livre e das plumas de fase dissolvida. A fase livre de PCE foi identificada e totalmente delimitada em três níveis aquíferos intercalados por camadas argilosas até a profundidade de 25 m. Estas plumas de fase livre ocorrem numa área que totaliza 248 m2. Plumas de fase dissolvida de PCE e de produtos filhos foram também delimitadas nos mesmos três níveis aquíferos, com uma extensão máxima de cerca de 150 m. As condições de atenuação natural dos compostos foram avaliadas com o programa Biochlor (USEPA, 2000), resultando que as plumas se encontram em expansão e sob pequenas taxas de biodegradação anaeróbica.