Search

espanolLos estudios de ninos con Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje (TDL, antes conocido como Trastorno Especifico de Lenguaje TEL) han permitido identificar desviaciones del lenguaje que se manifiestan de manera caracteristica en distintas lenguas. En este marco, el objetivo de este estudio es describir las anomalias gramaticales en un corpus de textos orales producidos por ninos monolingues hispanohablantes con TDL. Para lograr esto, se analizaron textos del corpus NIR2004 producidos por ninos con TDL (N=38) y con desarrollo tipico (DT; N=38) que, al momento de realizar el estudio, cursaban II nivel de transicion de educacion preescolar (i.e., 5a y 5a11m). El analisis de los textos se enfoco en detectar y clasificar las desviaciones gramaticales. De este proceso, se identificaron seis categorias de desviaciones: (a) discordancia, (b) elision, (c) sustitucion, (d) hiperbaton, (e) hiperregularizacion verbal, (f) incorporacion. Los resultados muestran que tanto los ninos con TDL, como aquellos con DT manifiestan estos tipos de desviaciones gramaticales. No obstante, la cantidad producida por el grupo TDL es significativamente mayor en las cinco primeras. Este hallazgo es consistente con la propuesta de Leonard (2014) quien sugiere que el perfil gramatical de los ninos con TDL puede ser fundamentalmente concebido como una mayor frecuencia de errores y no como perfiles de adquisicion diferentes. EnglishStudies in children with Developmental Language Impairment (DLI known before as Specific Language Impairment) have isolated anomalies affecting varying elements in the grammar of different languages. The importance of these descriptions is that allows a better understanding of the DLI and the linguistic phenomenon. In this framework, the aim of this study was to describe the grammatical deviations in Spanish speaking children with DLI. To achieve this, texts were analyzed from the NIR2004 corpus of 38 children with DLI and 38 children with Typical Development Language (TDL), aged between 5 and 5 years and 11 months, attending preschool. Texts analyses were focused on detecting and classifying grammatical deviations: disagreement, elision, substitution, word disorder, overregularization and addition. Results show that both DLI and TDL children present these grammatical deviations, but the amount of deviations performed by the DLI children is significantly higher for the first five types. These results allowed to initially verify the description of the grammatical features of the DLI as a higher rate of errors, consistent with Leonard’s (2014) proposal.

Here we prove the usefulness of applying morphometric analyses, typically used in basin-border faults, to evaluate the geomorphic expression of an intrabasinal structure. The target fault of our study is the Galera Fault, a SW-NE, ca. 30 km-long fault located in the Guadix-Baza Basin (central Betic Cordillera, southern Spain). This fault is characterized by low displacement rates, with a major left-lateral (0.5±0.3 mm/yr) and minor (0.02-0.05 mm/yr) vertical slip components. Moreover, the Galera Fault cuts across the Plio-Quaternary basin infilling, so poorly-lithified sedimentary rocks crop out in both fault blocks.Since the Guadix-Baza Basin was captured in the Middle Pleistocene, it has been dominated by extensive erosion, which has shaped a very young landscape influenced by the activity of the Galera Fault. To evaluate the imprint of the fault on the landscape, we carried out an analysis of the topography and the drainage network from high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). In addition, we apply different geomorphic indices, such as the profile relief ratio (PRR), the normalized channel steepness index (ksn), the asymmetry factor (AF), and the valley floor width-to height ratio (Vf).Our study evidence that the combination of low slip rates and the high erodibility of the juxtaposed rocks favors a rapid landscape response to fault displacement that erases many landscape effects related to active tectonics. This masking is more effective on features generated by strike-slip displacement, leaving only subtle evidence, such as local stream deflections and upstream widening of catchments. In contrast, geomorphic effects related to vertical displacement are better preserved, including the control of the geometry of the main rivers and morphological differences in the drainage network between the two fault blocks. On the upthrown block, streams are generally shorter, steeper and valley incision is more accentuated. These differences between fault blocks are reflected in the development of an impressive badland landscape that is restricted to the upthrown block.Slow intrabasinal faults can be difficult to detect in studies involving structural mapping, seismic hazard assessment, or exploration of resources, especially when they offset highly erodible deposits and do not present a marked uplift. However, here we demonstrate that the geomorphic anomalies that these structures can leave on the landscape can be identified by applying a proper morphometric analysis.

SE Iberia Tectonics is presently dominated by the NNW-SSE convergence between the Eurasian and Nubian plates. Farther east, the eastern Spanish coast and the Valencia Trough are dominated by ENE-WSW extension related to thermal subsidence. This extension has been interpreted as the final stage of abort rift responsible for the ENE motion of the Balearic promontory. Our data from 11 CGNSS stations permit us to discuss the deformation partitioning in SE Iberia related to the two abovementioned processes.We identify three kinematic domains: a relatively stable domain, a domain moving towards NNW and undergoing NNW-SSE shortening, and a third domain relatively moving towards ENE and experiencing ENE-WSW extension. Our results indicate that plate convergence-related NNW-SSE shortening is mainly absorbed by the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (EBSZ), in agreement with previous studies, but also show that a significant fraction of this shortening is accommodated south of the EBSZ.We also identify and quantify for the first time ENE-WSW extension northeast of the EBSZ. We propose that this extension could be absorbed by basement normal faults whose surface expression is obscured due to decoupling of deformation between the basement and the cover. Our results shed light on the tectonic puzzle of SE Spain.

We here discuss the results of a local GNSS episodic network from the Baza sub-Basin (S Spain). This network including six sites, was established in 2008 and has been measured seven times since then. Our data permit us to present the first short-term slip rates for the two active faults in this area. The main active structure is the normal Baza Fault. We estimate slip rates for this fault ranging between 0.3±0.3 mm/yr and 1.3±0.4 mm/yr. For the strike-slip Galera Fault, we quantify the slip rate as 0.5±0.3 mm/yr. These values are higher than previously reported long-term slip rates. We postulate that the discrepancy for the Baza Fault between short-term and long-term slip rates could indicate that the fault is presently in a period with a displacement rate higher than the mean of the magnitude 6 seismic cycle. Moreover, the velocity vectors that we obtained also show the regional tectonic significance of the Baza Fault, as this structure accommodates one-third of the regional extension of the Central Betic Cordillera.Our results also show that the Baza and Galera Faults are kinematically coherent and they divide the Baza sub-Basin into two tectonic blocks. This points to a likely physical link between the Baza and Galera Faults; hence, a potential complex rupture involving both faults should be considered in future seismic hazard assessment studies.

This work was funded by the research project TASCUB (RTI2018- 100737-B-I00) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the research group VIGROB053 (University of Alicante), and the research group RNM 325 of the Junta de Andalucía. Iván Medina Cascales was funded by Ph.D. contract FPU16/00202 of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.Wewould like to thank the editor Martin Stokes, and the reviewers Francisco Moral, Pablo G. Silva, and the anonymous reviewer, whose useful comments and suggestions greatly improved the manuscript., In this work, we prove the usefulness of morphometric analyses, typically applied to basin-border faults, to define the tectonic geomorphology of a slow-moving, intrabasinal structure: the Galera Fault (Guadix-Baza Basin, southern Spain). The Galera Fault is a 30 km-long, oblique-slip fault with major left-lateral and minor vertical slip components. Through geological and structural analyses, we define for the first time the detailed surface geometry of the fault, which is characterized by features typical of left-lateral strike-slip faults. The morphometric analysis indicates that a combination of slow slip rates and the high erodibility of the juxtaposed basin infill deposits favours a rapid landscape response to fault activity that erases many landscape effects related to active tectonics. This masking is more effective on features generated by strike-slip displacement, leaving only subtle evidence, such as local stream deflections and upstream widening of catchments. In contrast, geomorphic effects related to vertical displacement are better preserved, including the control of the geometry of the main rivers and morphological differences in the drainage network between the two fault blocks. On the upthrown fault block, streams are generally shorter and steeper and have greater valley incision, leading to the development of a bad land landscape. Moreover, the vertical deformation of a Middle Pleistocene glacis surface (ca. 90 m) demonstrates the important role of this slow-moving intrabasinal fault in the generation of relief in the Betic Cordillera during recent Quaternary time. Although the impact of this fault on relief building is very low in comparison with oblique-slip, basin-border faults in the mountain range, it has a key control on the Quaternary landscape evolution., TASCUB (RTI2018- 100737-B-I00) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, VIGROB053 (University of Alicante), RNM 325 of the Junta de Andalucía, FPU16/00202 of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities

Successive excavation of 13 trenches of different orientations reveals the complexity of a normal fault zone in Pliocene-Pleistocene unconsolidated sediments on a strand of the Baza Fault, central Betic Cordillera, south Spain. These trenches and the excavation floor are interpreted and integrated to reconstruct the 3D geometry and internal architecture of the fault zone. The structure consists of two main fault strands: an eastern one with a few hundred metres throw and a western one with at least 15 m throw. These strands interact and gradually merge to the south, bounding a main deformation zone narrowing from ∼7 to 1 m along strike. Fault-bounded rock bodies, clay and sand smears, and clay injections define the structure. These features are highly variable in 3D. In the northern part of the outcrop, deformation is localized around the main strands, brittle in the west and more ductile to the east. As the strands and their fault zones increasingly interact, fault throw, rock deformation and maturity of the structure increase. Mechanical stratigraphy also controls the style of deformation. A realistic representation of this 4D picture of fault deformation is critical for modelling fluid flow in shallow to possibly deep, faulted sedimentary reservoirs. This research was founded by research group VIGROB053 (University of Alicante).

One of the most significant parameters for seismic hazard assessment analyses is the fault slip rate. The combination of both geological (long-term) and geodetic (short-term) data offers a more complete characterization of the seismic potential of active faults. Moreover, geodetic data are also a helpful tool for the analysis of geodynamic processes. In this work, we present the results of a local GPS network from the Baza sub-Basin (SE Spain). This network, which includes six sites, was established in 2008 and has been observed for seven years. For the first time, we obtain short-term slip rates for the two active faults in this area. For the normal Baza Fault, we estimate slip rates ranging between 0.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr and 1.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr. For the strike-slip Galera Fault, we quantify the slip rate as 0.5 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Our GPS study shows a discrepancy for the Baza Fault between the short-term slip rates and previously reported long-term rates. This discrepancy indicates that the fault could be presently in a period with a displacement rate higher than the mean of the magnitude 6 seismic cycle. Moreover, the velocity vectors that we obtained also show the regional tectonic significance of the Baza Fault, as this structure accommodates one-third of the regional extension of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our GPS-related slip rates form the basis for future seismic hazard analysis in this area. Our results have further implications, as they indicate that the Baza and Galera Faults are kinematically coherent and they divide the Baza sub-Basin into two tectonic blocks. This points to a likely physical link between the Baza and Galera Faults; hence, a potential complex rupture involving both faults should be considered in future seismic hazard assessment studies., We acknowledge the comments of Editor Prof. Irina M. Artemieva and two anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved the quality of this paper. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (Research Projects: RTI2018-100737-BI00 and CGL2016-80687-R), the University of Alicante (Research Project: VIGROB053), the University of Jaén (PAIUJA 2019-2020 and Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 - call made by UJA 2018), the University of Granada (B-RNM-301-UGR18) and the Junta de Andalucía regional government (RNM148, RNM282, and RNM370 and P18-RT-3275 research groups). We thank all observers who collected the data of survey-mode GPS measurements.

Schizophrenia is a chronic neurobiological disorder whose early detection has attracted significant attention from the clinical, psychiatric, and also artificial intelligence communities. This latter approach has been mainly focused on the analysis of neuroimaging and genetic data. A less explored strategy consists in exploiting the power of natural language processing (NLP) algorithms applied over narrative texts produced by schizophrenic subjects. In this paper, a novel dataset collected from a proper field study is presented. Also, grammatical traits discovered in narrative documents are used to build computational representations of texts, allowing an automatic classification of discourses generated by schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic subjects. The attained results showed that the use of the proposed computational representations along with machine learning techniques enables a novel and precise strategy to automatically detect texts produced by schizophrenic subjects.

The Betic Cordillera (S Spain), located in the convergent plate boundary between Eurasia and Nubia, is an area of moderate seismicity. These plates converge at a rate of approximately 4 to 6 mm/yr in the NW-SE direction (see review by Nocquet, 2012). Between 2.7 to 3.9 mm/yr of present-day plate convergence is accommodated in N Africa. Active shortening must occur at rates ranging from 1.6 to 2.7±0.6 mm/year across the Algero-Balearic Basin and the SE Iberian Peninsula (Serpelloni et al., 2007; Pérez-Peña et al., 2010; Echeverría et al., 2013). In the Betic Cordillera, most of the deformation is concentrated in the Betic Internal Zones, while the Betic External zones are considered as a slow-strain area.In SE of Spain onshore active deformation and seismicity are mainly located along the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (EBSZ), a major strike-slip tectonic corridor belonging to the Betic Internal Zones. Regional and local geodetic studies indicate that the EBSZ is absorbing between 0.2 and 1.3 mm/yr (Serpelloni et al., 2007; Pérez-Peña et al., 2010; Echeverría et al., 2013; Borque et al., 2019), i.e. only a portion of regional deformation. We postulate that part of this deformation not absorbed by the EBSZ is accommodated in the eastern Betic External Zones, located to the north of the EBSZ, where several major historical earthquakes occurred (e.g., the 1748 Estubeny, 1396 Tavernes, and 2017 Caudete earthquakes). These major events have been attributed to the Jumilla Fault, the only major active structure described in this area (Giner-Robles et al. 2014; García-Mayordomo, J. and Jiménez-Díaz, A., 2015).We present new CGPS data analysis that corroborate that the eastern Betic External Zones accommodate a significant part of the present convergence. Furthermore, our preliminary data quantify deformation in this area for the first time, as we obtain a shortening rate in the N-S direction of 1.43±0.06 mm/yr in the western sector of the Jumilla Fault (Murcia sector) and of 1.69±0.07 mm/yr in the eastern sector of the fault (Valencia sector). We propose that this deformation is likely related to the Jumilla Fault. Our study place constraints on the seismic potential of the highly populated eastern Betic External Zones, as the preliminary values that we obtained are significantly higher than those previously stated. Consequently, we propose that a re-assesment of seismic hazard is necessary for this highly populated region. Moreover, we also propose a regional geodynamic model that provide insights into mechanisms controlling earthquakes in the eastern Betic External Zones. ReferencesBorque et al. (2019). Tectonics, 38, 5, 1824-1839Echeverria et al. (2013). Tectonophysics, 608, 600-612.Giner-Robles et al. (2014). Resúmenes de la 2ª Reunión Ibérica sobre Fallas Activas y Paleosismología, Lorca, España, 155-158.García-Mayordomo, J. and Jiménez-Díaz, A. (2015). In: Quaternary Faults Database of Iberia v.3.0 - November 2015 (García-Mayordomo et al., eds.), IGME, Madrid.Nocquet, J.M. (2012). Tectonophysics, 579, 220-242.Pérez-Peña et al. (2010). Geomorphology, 119, 74-87Serpelloni et al. (2007). Geophysical Journal Internationl, 169(3), 1180-1200.

RESUMEN Las preposiciones son un problema evidente para los niños diagnosticados con Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje (TEL), quienes en su producción oral tienden a elidirlas o a utilizarlas incorrectamente. Si bien este fenómeno ha sido descrito en la producción lingüística de hablantes de diversas lenguas, en español no ha sido estudiado en profundidad. En este contexto, el presente trabajo busca describir y analizar, de forma cualitativa, los errores en el uso de la preposiciones en niños chilenos diagnosticados con TEL. Para ello se analizaron narraciones orales producidas por 38 niños diagnosticados con TEL que iniciaban el nivel preescolar, entre 5 y 5,11 años de edad. Las narraciones fueron elicitadas a través del recontado y transcritas fonéticamente. Luego se analizaron los contextos de aparición de las preposiciones y se determinó si correspondía a usos adecuados, elisiones o sustituciones de partículas. Los datos indican que existen tres factores gramaticales que parecen incidir en la producción de desviaciones gramaticales en las contribuciones que incorporan preposiciones: (i) la naturaleza funcional de las preposiciones, (ii) la obligatoriedad de los constituyentes y (iii) la incongruencia entre papeles temáticos y funciones sintácticas.

The Padul Fault is located in the Central Betic Cordillera, formed in the framework of the NW-SE Eurasian-African plate convergence. In the Internal Zone, large E-W to NE-SW folds of western Sierra Nevada accommodated the greatest NW-SE shortening and uplift of the cordillera. However, GPS networks reveal a present-day dominant E-W to NE-SW extensional setting at surface. The Padul Fault is the most relevant and best exposed active normal fault that accommodates most of the NE-SW extension of the Central Betics. This WSW-wards dipping fault, formed by several segments of up to 7 km maximum length, favored the uplift of the Sierra Nevada footwall away from the Padul graben hanging wall. A non-permanent GPS network installed in 1999 constrains an average horizontal extensional rate of 0.5 mm/yr in N66°E direction. The fault length suggests that a (maximum) 6 magnitude earthquake may be expected, but the absence of instrumental or historical seismic events would indicate that fault activity occurs at least partially by creep. Striae on fault surfaces evidence normal-sinistral kinematics, suggesting that the Padul Fault may have been a main transfer fault of the westernmost end of the Sierra Nevada antiform. Nevertheless, GPS results evidence: (1) shortening in the Sierra Nevada antiform is in its latest stages, and (2) the present-day fault shows normal with minor oblique dextral displacements. The recent change in Padul fault kinematics will be related to the present-day dominance of the ENE-WSW regional extension versus ~ NNW-SSE shortening that produced the uplift and northwestwards displacement of Sierra Nevada antiform. This region illustrates the importance of heterogeneous brittle extensional tectonics in the latest uplift stages of compressional orogens, as well as the interaction of folding during the development of faults at shallow crustal levels. This research was funded by PAIUJA 2017/2018, UJA2016/00086/001 project, CGL2016-80687-R AEI/FEDER, UE project and RNM148 and RNM282 research groups of Junta de Andalucía.

The geometry and kinematics of active faults have a significant impact on their seismic potential. In this work, a structural characterization of the active Baza Fault (central Betic Cordillera, southern Spain) combining surface and subsurface data is presented. Two sectors are defined based on their surface geometry: a northern sector striking N–S to NNW–SSE with a narrow damage zone and a southern sector striking NW–SE with a wide damage zone. A kinematic analysis shows pure normal fault kinematics along most of the fault. Geometric differences between the northern and southern sectors are caused by i) a heterogeneous basement controlling the fault geometry at depth and in the cover; ii) different orientations of the Baza Fault in the basement with respect to the regional extension direction and iii) interaction with other active faults. We use this structural characterization to analyse the segmentation of the Baza Fault. According to segmentation criteria, the entire Baza Fault should be considered a single fault seismogenic segment. Consequently, the seismic potential of the fault is defined for a complete rupture. Magnitude for the Mmax event is calculated using several scale relationships, obtaining values ranging between Mw 6.6 and Mw 7.1. Recurrence times range between approximately 2,000 and 2,200 years for Mmax events and between 5,300 and 5,400 years for palaeo-events. A geodetic scenario modelled for an Mmax event of Mw 6.7 shows permanent vertical displacements of more than 0.40m and an overall WSW–ENE extension during entire ruptures of the Baza Fault. This work was funded by the research project TASCUB (RTI2018-100737-B-I00) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the research group VIGROB053 (University of Alicante), the research project AICO/2019/040 of the Generalitat Valenciana (Valencia regional government), and the research group RNM-325 of the Junta de Andalucía (Andalucia regional government). Iván Medina Cascales was funded by Ph.D. contract FPU16/00202 of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. Research partially funded by the Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020-call made by the University of Jaén 2018.

43 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, The distribution of active faults in the Iberian Peninsula is not homogeneous, being mainly present, but not only, in areas affected by the Alpine Orogeny. They are located in several regions: (1) The Iberian Massif, including Portugal, and Galicia and Cantabrian Mountains in the North, (2) The Pyrenees, (3) The NE of Iberia, (4) The Iberian Cordillera, and (5) The Betic Cordillera. The Pyrenees, the Iberian Cordillera, and particularly the Betic Cordillera are the most active regions. These faults have being considered active in a broad sense, that is to say, corresponding to faults that, at least, present movements during the Quaternary, not restricting them only to those presenting displacements during the late 10,000 years. Although important, faults situated offshore have not being included in the present review

Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Maestría en Geociencias y Planificación del Territorio Life as it is known, is developed mostly in aqueous solutions. The water is so familiar that it has come to be considered as an insipid liquid of simple character, however, it is a chemically reactive substance with extraordinary physical properties. Structures and biological processes can only be understood based on the physical and chemical properties of water (Arreola M. 2015). In the present work a study on the water chemistry of springs and wells adjacent to the geothermal field of Los Humeros, Puebla, is carried out. So far, there are no published reports on the content of major components and trace elements in such springs and wells, so the objective of this work was to carry out a study on the chemical composition of the water in the springs and peripheral wells to the geothermal deposit of Los Humeros, Puebla, thus laying the bases to contribute the first data on the chemistry of the water in this zone. To carry out this work, 23 sites were selected in the geothermal field adjacent area. These temperatures ranging from 9.5 to 34.1°C have been observed, pH values mostly with a tendency to the neutrality in a range between 6.31 and 7.7, dissolved oxygen concentrations up to 9.34 mg / L, electric conductivity values between 63.8 and 1.871 μS /cm and, total alkalinity values between 0.85 and 14.79 meq / L. La vida como se conoce, se desarrolla en su mayoría en disoluciones acuosas. El agua es tan familiar que se ha llegado a considerar como un líquido insípido de carácter simple, sin embargo, es una sustancia reactiva desde el punto de vista químico con propiedades físicas extraordinarias. Las estructuras y los procesos biológicos sólo pueden comprenderse con base en las propiedades físicas y químicas del agua (Arreola, 2015). En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio sobre la química del agua de manantiales y pozos adyacentes al campo geotérmico de Los Humeros, Puebla. Hasta la fecha no se cuenta con reportes publicados sobre el contenido de componentes mayores y elementos traza en dichos manantiales y pozos, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio sobre la composición química del agua en los manantiales y pozos periféricos al yacimiento geotérmico de Los Humeros, Puebla, sentando de esta manera las bases para aportar los primeros datos sobre la química del agua en esta zona de estudio. Para realizar el trabajo se seleccionaron 23 sitios en la zona adyacente al campo geotérmico, en los que se han observado temperaturas que oscilan entre 9.5 y 34.1 °C, valores de pH en su mayoría con tendencia a la neutralidad en un rango entre 6.31 y 7.7, concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto hasta 9.34 mg/L, valores de conductividad eléctrica entre 63.8 y 1,871 μS/cm y valores de alcalinidad total entre 0.85 y 14.79 meq/L.

The Eastern Betic Cordillera (Spain) exemplifies at the Sierra de Aitana an impressive case of lateral spreading which involves a mountain anticline ridge dislodged by a post-orogenic extensional tectonic. The deep trenches testify the ongoing gravitational slope deformation featured by a rock mass lateral spreading. The Sierra de Aitana anticline ridge was dislodged along a normal fault zone which generated a scarp with a kilometric lateral continuity. The lateral spreading originated because Eocene limestone overlays Eocene marls, inducing a continuous evolution over time due to visco-plastic deformations and isolating huge prismatic blocks. To quantify the creep-driven stress-strain effects at Sierra de Aitana ridge, the mechanical and rheological parameter values of the involved rocks were quantified through field and laboratory tests which allowed to constrain an engineering-geological model based on equivalent-continuum approach. A stress-strain numerical modelling aimed at back-analysing the sequential morpho-structural evolution of the Sierra de Aitana anticline-ridge was performed by reproducing the retreat of the ridge front and the time succession of faults (re)activations. A time-dependent solution was approached by assuming a time-dependent creep configuration of the modelling and a parametric solution adopted to calibrate rock mass rheology, also taking into account: tectonic displacement due to the Aitana normal fault system by simulating these element as interface in the discretized domain; influence of pre-existing joint sets by assuming a main anisotropy in the elasto-plastic failure solution; admissible variations of the regional stress-field related to compressive and extensional phases and a generalised visco-plastic behaviour representing the ductile marls. The numerical modelling outputs that the lateral spreading mainly evolved as a creep-driven process while stress-release induced by tectonic activity is not sufficient to justify the observed landforms. The obtained results highlight a not negligible role of inherited structural elements for regulating the time evolution of the ongoing gravitational process at the Sierra the Aitana anticline. This research was funded in the frame of the project: “Rock failures in cliff slopes: from back- to forward-analysis of processes through monitoring and multi-modelling approaches” (“Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy-Year 2016, P.I. Prof. Salvatore Martino), “Rock Mass Creeping, a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the long-term behaviour of faults and landslides” (“Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy-Year 2017, P.I. Dott. Fabio Trippetta) and “Evaluation of hazard associated to seismic-induced landslides” (CGL2015-65602-R, MINECO-FEDER/EU, P.I. Prof. José Delgado).

Industrial production scheduling problems are challenges that researchers have been trying to solve for decades. Many practical scheduling problems such as the hybrid flowshop are NP-hard. As a result, researchers resort to metaheuristics to obtain effective and efficient solutions. The traditional design process of metaheuristics is mainly manual, often metaphor-based, biased by previous experience and prone to producing overly tailored methods that only work well on the tested problems and objectives. In this paper, we use an Automatic Algorithm Design (AAD) methodology to eliminate these limitations. AAD is capable of composing algorithms from components with minimal human intervention. We test the proposed AAD for three different optimization objectives in the hybrid flowshop. Comprehensive computational and statistical testing demonstrates that automatically designed algorithms outperform specifically tailored state-of-the-art methods for the tested objectives in most cases., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A ~1000 m3 rockslide occurred close to Lorca (SE Spain) during the main shock (Mw = 5.1) of the May 2011 seismic sequence. The location of the rockslide, within 10 km of the earthquake epicenter and along the southern slope of a valley in which similar geological conditions occur on both slopes of the valley, suggests a significant near-field effect due to local seismic response. This could be related to the specific interaction between the topography and the obliquely propagating seismic waves. A dynamic stress strain numerical model was constructed using the FLAC 7.0 finite difference code to back analyze the Lorca rockslide event and relate its occurrence to both the local seismic amplification and the interaction between seismic waves and local topography. The results indicate that only for seismic waves with incidence angles in the range 0°–50° are the occurred slope instabilities expected. These results do not significantly change when varying the values for either stiffness or strength parameters within the range of the experimental data., This work was partially funded by research groups VIGROB-53 and VIGROB-184 (Universidad de Alicante) and by the projects tec2008–06764–c02–02 and CGL2011–30153–c02–02.

Perea, Héctor ... et. al.-- EVENT SHELF team is formed by Marcel-lí Farran, E. Andara, S. Pérez and M. Román Alpiste. -- 18 pages, 10 figures, The Bajo Segura fault zone (BSFZ) is the northern terminal splay of the Eastern Betic shear zone (EBSZ), a large left-lateral strike-slip fault system of sigmoid geometry stretching more than 450 km from Alicante to Almería. The BSFZ extends from the onshore Bajo Segura basin further into the Mediterranean Sea and shows a moderate instrumental seismic activity characterized by small earthquakes. Nevertheless, the zone was affected by large historical earthquakes of which the largest was the 1829 Torrevieja earthquake (IEMS98 X). The onshore area of the BSFZ is marked by active transpressive structures (faults and folds), whereas the offshore area has been scarcely explored from the tectonic point of view. During the EVENT-SHELF cruise, a total of 10 high-resolution single-channel seismic sparker profiles were obtained along and across the offshore Bajo Segura basin. Analysis of these profiles resulted in (a) the identification of 6 Quaternary seismo-stratigraphic units bounded by five horizons corresponding to regional erosional surfaces related to global sea level lowstands; and (b) the mapping of the active sub-seafloor structures and their correlation with those described onshore. Moreover, the results suggest that the Bajo Segura blind thrust fault or the Torrevieja left-lateral strike-slip fault, with prolongation offshore, could be considered as the source of the 1829 Torrevieja earthquake. These data improve our understanding of present deformation along the BSFZ and provide new insights into the seismic hazard in the area, The authors acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through National Projects IMPULS (REN2003-05996MAR), EVENT (CGL 2006-12861-C02-02) and SHAKE (CGL 2011-30005-C02-02); Acciones Complementarias EVENT-SHELF (CTM 2008-03346-E/MAR) and SPARKER (CTM 2008-03208-E/MAR); and ESF TopoEurope TOPOMED project (CGL 2008-03474-E/BTE). We are grateful to the captain, crew and science party onboard the RV Garcia del Cid. Hector Perea was a researcher at IDL-UL Associated Laboratory under contract no. 3/2010/LAB IDL co-financed by the Portuguese FCT and FEDER and at UTM-CSIC under the Juan de la Cierva contract no. JCI-2010-07502 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

This paper on the Baza Fault provides the first palaeoseismic data from trenches in the central sector of the Betic Cordillera (S Spain), one of the most tectonically active areas of the Iberian Peninsula. With the palaeoseismological data we constructed time-stratigraphic OxCal models that yield probability density functions (PDFs) of individual palaeoseismic event timing. We analysed PDF overlap to quantitatively correlate the walls and site events into a single earthquake chronology. We assembled a surface-rupturing history of the Baza Fault for the last ca. 45,000 years. We postulated six alternative surface rupturing histories including 8–9 fault-wide earthquakes. We calculated fault-wide earthquake recurrence intervals using Monte Carlo. This analysis yielded a 4750–5150 yr recurrence interval. Finally, compared our results with the results from empirical relationships. Our results will provide a basis for future analyses of more of other active normal faults in this region. Moreover, our results will be essential for improving earthquake-probability assessments in Spain, where palaeoseismic data are scarce. This research was founded by the Spanish Ministry of Economics, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) research Projects CGL2011-30153-C02-02 and EPILATES (CGL2015-65602-R). Also by the research group VIGROB053 (University of Alicante), the research Project UJA2014/06/17 (Caja Rural de Jaén and University of Jaen) and the research contract 2015CL015 (University of Jaen).

Se ha realizado una investigación acerca del uso del ordenador y de los objetos de aprendizaje que utilizan los estudiantes en una asignatura de Arquitectura Técnica de la Universidad de Alicante. Para ello, se ha creado un instrumento que analiza la utilidad percibida de los objetos de aprendizaje en la adquisición de las competencias y las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia el uso del ordenador. Los análisis realizados indican que el instrumento de medición elaborado es fiable y válido. La validez de contenido del instrumento se analizó a través del juicio de expertos (validez general del cuestionario = .912, p-valor = .000). La validez de constructo se estudió a través del análisis de su estructura interna, sometiendo a un análisis factorial los ítems de la versión definitiva del cuestionario (se identificaron cuatro factores que juntos explicaron el 45.65% de la varianza). La fiabilidad del instrumento se analizó calculando su consistencia interna por medio del coeficiente alpha de Cronbach (? para el total de la escala = .90). This paper aims to evaluate the learning objects used by the students enrolled in a Building Engineering subject of the University of Alicante. An instrument was created to achieve that aim which analyzes the perceived usefulness of learning objects when it comes to competence acquisition and students' attitudes towards computer use. The analyses performed suggest that the measuring instrument developed is reliable and valid. Content validity for this instrument was examined through expert judgment (questionnaire general validity = .912, p-value = .000). In turn, construct validity was studied through the examination of its internal structure, applying factor analysis to the items contained on the final questionnaire version (four factors were identified which jointly explained 45.65% of variance). As for instrument reliability, it was analyzed through a calculation of its internal consistency by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (? for the scale total = .90). Este trabajo ha sido realizado con las ayudas, del Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de la Universidad de Alicante, destinadas a la formación de doctores Ref. UAFPU 2011-33487413B.

The Betic Cordillera is an Alpine belt formed in the western Mediterranean by the westward displacement of the Alboran Domain in between the Eurasian and African convergent plates. New CGPS data from the central and eastern Betic Cordillera and its foreland—obtained mainly from the Topo-Iberia project—allowed us to precisely determine the rate of tectonic deformation. Most of the displacements of the central and eastern Betics are westward, with a variable southwestward component, in relation to the Eurasian stable plate. While in the Iberian foreland the displacements are extremely low, some deformation related to low compressional deformation occurs in the easternmost foreland basin and eastern Betic Cordillera. The displacement increases substantially southwards and westwards in relation to present-day extensional deformation. Major active discontinuities correspond to the NW–SE normal fault zones, which dip westwards; they are located in Almeria–Tabernas; Balanegra, and western Sierra de Gador; whereas the Padul fault zone located west of Sierra Nevada extends northwards to the Granada Basin. NW–SE extensional faults are also observed to the north, in the Baza Basin. Moreover, the activity of dextral faults along the Sorbas–Tabernas–Alpujarras–Guajares band, generally considered as a transfer fault zone, is evidenced by the displacement data. These results come to demonstrate the low activity or inactivity of the large northern E–W oriented folds of the central and eastern Internal Zone, such as the Sierra de Los Filabres antiform. They also point to the possible residual activity of the northern part of the NE–SW Sierra Nevada antiform, where the maximum relief of the Cordillera is found. Altogether, our data support a heterogeneous present-day westward extension that affects the upper crust of the Betic Cordillera and increases towards the thinned continental crust of the Alboran Sea and towards the west, which is compatible with roll-back subduction along the Gibraltar Arc.

This work presents a 3D geometric model of growth strata cropping out in a fault-propagation fold associated with the Crevillente Fault (Abanilla-Alicante sector) from the Bajo Segura Basin (eastern Betic Cordillera, southern Spain). The analysis of this 3D model enables us to unravel the along-strike and along-section variations of the growth strata, providing constraints to assess the fold development, and hence, the fault kinematic evolution in space and time. We postulate that the observed along-strike dip variations are related to lateral variation in fault displacement. Along-section variations of the progressive unconformity opening angles indicate greater fault slip in the upper Tortonian–Messinian time span; from the Messinian on, quantitative analysis of the unconformity indicate a constant or lower tectonic activity of the Crevillente Fault (Abanilla-Alicante sector); the minor abundance of striated pebbles in the Pliocene-Quaternary units could be interpreted as a decrease in the stress magnitude and consequently in the tectonic activity of the fault. At a regional scale, comparison of the growth successions cropping out in the northern and southern limits of the Bajo Segura Basin points to a southward migration of deformation in the basin. This means that the Bajo Segura Fault became active after the Crevillente Fault (Abanilla-Alicante sector), for which activity on the latter was probably decreasing according to our data. Consequently, we propose that the seismic hazard at the northern limit of the Bajo Segura Basin should be lower than at the southern limit. This study was supported by: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Research Project: CGL2011-30153-C02-02), Alicante University (Research Project: VIGROB053).

Based on the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), infrared absorption spectra of porous silicon are calculated by using an ordered pore model, in which columns of silicon atoms are removed along the [001] direction and dangling bonds are initially saturated with hydrogen atoms. When these atoms on the pore surface are gradually replaced by oxygen ones, the ab-initio infrared absorption spectra reveal oxygen, hydroxyl, and coupled hydrogen–oxygen vibrational modes. In a parallel way, freestanding porous silicon samples were prepared by using electrochemical etching and they were further thermally oxidized in a dry oxygen ambient. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the surface modifications caused by oxygen adsorption. In particular, the predicted hydroxyl and oxygen bound to the silicon pore surface are confirmed. Finally, a global analysis of measured transmittance spectra has been performed by means of a combined DFPT and thin-film optics approach.

On February 23, 2015, an earthquake of magnitude Mw 4.7 (Imax = V, scale EMS) struck the center of the Spain, triggering dozens of instabilities in taluses and natural slopes of an area characterized by low relief. These instabilities were characterized by: (1) very small size, most of them with volumes lower than 1 m3, and (2) to occur in rock masses affected by multiple discontinuities, which pre-defined blocks that fell down during the shaking. The inventory of instabilities of this earthquake has shown that most of the instabilities occurred on the slopes of the road network, although the larger instabilities were observed in natural slopes. The comparative analysis of this inventory with those made for other recent earthquakes occurred in the SE of Spain (1999, 2002, 2005 and 2011), all of them of similar magnitude Mw (between 4.7 and 5.1), allow to recognize that the vast majority of instabilities induced by these earthquakes were rock/soil falls, being other typologies of landslides very rare. In all cases, the size of instabilities triggered were small, usually with volumes of 1 m3 or less, reaching the larger volumes up to 500–1000 m3. Data available from these events point out that large landslides, as known in relation with historical earthquakes in Spain, cannot be induced by moderate to low magnitude earthquakes. Besides, slope morphology seems to control the location of induced instabilities. Thus, when the terrain is steep, as in the area affected by the earthquake in Lorca (2011, Mw 5.1), most of instabilities occur in natural slopes and affect the upper part of slopes. As the relief is less rugged, natural slopes instabilities are progressively less frequent until the extreme case of the 2015 event, when instabilities were located mostly on slopes of the road network.

The recognition of seismically induced soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) in sedimentary successions characterized by different facies, and hence by different rheology, is challenging. This is the case for high porosity and high permeability aeolian facies interbedded with muddy wet interdune deposits and alluvial conglomerates and sandstones. Several types of SSDS have been studied in two exposures of the Upper Pliocene (2.9–2.6 Ma) sediments of a fault-bounded intracontinental aeolian dune field in the Teruel Basin (Iberian Chain, eastern Spain). Among SSDS, load and fluid-escape structures, apart from several animal tracks, have been recognized. Those structures show an irregular distribution through the studied stratigraphic sections, being scarce in homogenous aeolian sands and frequent in water-related facies. A detailed study of the distribution and geometry of SSDS and their relationships with respect to the stratigraphic architecture and facies has allowed a critical discrimination of trigger mechanisms, i.e. biological or physical overloading vs. earthquakes. The seismically induced structures are concentrated into seven deformed beds, showing an uneven lateral distribution and geometry closely controlled by the hosting sedimentary facies and their rheology. These seismites resulted from liquefaction during moderate earthquakes (estimated magnitude from 5.0 to 6.8). The most probable seismogenic source was the Sierra del Pobo normal fault zone, located 2 km to the East. Results show how an appropriate recognition of sedimentary facies is crucial to understand the lateral variability of seismites in sedimentary environments characterized by sharp facies changes., Grupo GeoTransfer, Universidad de Zaragoza, España, School of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Reino Unido, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alicante, España, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España

On 11 May 2011, a moderate magnitude (Mw 5.1) earthquake struck the city of Lorca (SE Spain) and nearby areas, causing notable damage, injuries and fatalities. Field inspection of the area affected allowed the location and characterization of more than 250 induced landslides, mainly of disrupted type (rock/soil falls, disrupted soil slides and rock avalanches). This number was very high when compared with the inventories of previous events of similar magnitude (Mw 4.7 to 5.0) in the zone and with the results of previous models for predicting slope behavior during earthquakes. Several factors are proposed here to explain the observed differences: (i) the comparatively high magnitude (Mw 4.5) of a foreshock of the seismic series that may have weakened the slopes; (ii) the high peak ground motion values recorded for these events and (iii) the occurrence of topographic site effects. The results of this study point out the importance of including such effects as improvements in the models for studying the regional behavior of slopes.

A superbly exposed ∼5 km 2 slump is developed in middle Pleistocene lacustrine deposits of the Tecopa Basin (California, United States). A subhorizontal detachment (

A database of seismically-induced landslides in the Betic Cordillera is presented. Data included were classified according to landslide typology. Most of them (≈80%) correspond to small size, disrupted landslides (including rock/earth falls and earth slides that disorganize as mass-movement progresses) and the remaining consist mainly of coherent landslides (slumps in soils and rock-slides). Deep seated induced landslides are uncommon in the study zone and have occurred only after the few events of large magnitude reported in the Cordillera. Data available show that events of small magnitude (Mw 10 km) when compared with available upper bound curves for maximum epicentral distances for seismic induced landslides, that concentrate along areas prone to landsliding, like river banks or slopes on soft materials, which points out the importance of the role of slope susceptibility on the occurrence of instabilities during earthquakes. Landslides in the database are then analyzed and a power-law relationship that relates earthquake size, measured as epicentral intensity (Io), to maximum distance of induced landslide valid for the study zone is proposed. Although included data represent a clear partial and incomplete dataset, they show the landslide state of knowledge for this region.

The northern slope of the Sierra de Aitana (Eastern Betic Cordillera) is characterized by a long mountain front with a prominent Eocene limestone scarp overlying ductile Eocene marlstones. This stratigraphic feature and the highly stepped topography produced by several normal faults favor gravitational processes such as rock avalanches, rock slides and rock falls. This paper reports a compound landslide comprising a rotational rock slide and slab-type lateral spreading affecting these materials with blocks of volumes up to 106 m3. This lateral spread process produced singular and spectacular morphological features, the Simas de Partagat, which are trenches 20 m wide and up to 40 m deep, formed by the widening of discontinuities. The use of a differential SAR interferometry technique for monitoring this landslide over a time span of 11 yr has revealed that velocity of movement is insignificant, with rates comprised between 0 and 2 mm yr−1 and cumulative negligible displacements. Individual rock blocks initially located at the free face of the scarp were affected by slides at the base of the scarp, descending from a few to several dozen meters along the slope. Blocks broke up as displacement progresses, with several in different stages of evolution being recognizable along the slope. Differential SAR interferometry shows a greater activity in the area north of compound landslide, although velocity is extremely low (below 16 mm yr−1). This extremely slow movement revealed by interferometry is in agreement with other geological and geomorphological evidence such as the existence of speleothems and cemented breccias against the head walls of the trenches. Both deposits are indicative of a long period of discontinuity widening. Also, undisturbed debris deposits covering ancient rock slides are indicative of very slow gravitational processes characterized by long dormant periods. In addition, a historical picture from 1898 shows nearly negligible change in the Simas de Partagat over this 112 yr period.

Well-exposed soft-sediment deformation (SSD) structures occur in Tecopa paleolake beds largely composed of ash from the Bishop (760 kyr) and the Lava Creek (640 kyr) ultra-plinian eruptions. In both cases the SSD structures affected volcaniclastic deposits concentrated by overland flow from the surrounding topography into the lower slope and lake environments. Re-sedimentation of ash produced alternations of volcaniclastic layers with different grain sizes and ash content that allowed for reverse density gradients, which favoured liquefaction and deformation. In the Tecopa Basin, extensive outcrops show these deformed strata continuing laterally for hundreds of metres, along with three-dimensional exposures. This study illustrates the 3-D complexity of soft-sediment deformation including some novel morphologic features. Of particular interest were examples of superposed deformed beds that laterally change into one single deformed horizon. Heterogeneities in ash concentration, grain-size, and water content produced contrasting permeabilities that were barriers to liquefaction and soft-sediment deformation. The probable causes for liquefaction were Middle Pleistocene paleo-earthquakes. There are several active faults in the region with enough seismic potential to produce moderate to large earthquakes. The fact that a single deformed deposit laterally merges into multiple superposed deformed beds indicates that multilayer liquefaction could be produced by a single shaking event. In these cases, SSD layers are insufficient and unreliable indicators of paleo-seismic recurrence intervals.