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En convergencia entre historia y estudios mediales, este artículo analiza un conjunto de acusaciones periodísticas y debates parlamentarios en torno a la infiltración de propaganda peronista en la estación Radio El Mercurio durante 1953. El artículo detalla algunas de las principales controversias públicas surgidas a raíz de la propiedad de la emisora y la transmisión de noticias favorables acerca del gobierno de Juan Perón en Argentina (1946-1955) difundidas por la radioemisora, la cual enfrentó un proceso judicial y una acusación del Congreso chileno en el contexto de una inquietud más amplia sobre la injerencia del peronismo en Chile. El estudio identifica una de las primeras disputas políticas de la radio e ilustra la consolidación del medio, pasando de ser un entretenimiento cotidiano e innovación tecnológica a transformarse en plataforma activa de articulación política.

This article examines the central role of sports media in the discussions about national sports programmes at the peak of Latin American populism, particularly during the governments of Juan Perón in Argentina (1946–55) and Carlos Ibáñez in Chile (1952–8). By exploring sports publications such as the Argentine magazinesMundo DeportivoandEl Gráficoand the Chilean weeklyEstadio, I argue that sports media staged stories and images that were both inspired by, and critical of, the larger populist projects in Argentina and Chile. Photographers and cartoonists, often in collaboration with sportswriters, produced and crafted populist ideas about class collaboration, the inclusion of children in the state project and women's participation in politics.

Photographic images of football are not neutral or objective records of the past. Exploring the symbolic dimensions, formal features, and context of production of five photographs taken during the ...

Resumen La psicología en tanto práctica profesional y de investigación científica no puede ni debe permanecer aislada de los contextos en los que se desarrolla. Frente a los profundos sentimientos de malestar expresados por el pueblo chileno en movilizaciones sociales desde el 18 de octubre de 2019, que responden directamente a la implementación de un modelo neoliberal desprovisto de justicia social, como psicólogas y psicólogos nos sentimos llamados a levantar los requerimientos mínimos que consideramos que nuestra disciplina debe asumir. Bajo este marco, se presenta un Manifiesto que contempla 22 puntos, construido de manera colaborativa por 13 psicólogas y psicólogos de diversas instituciones que, en una labor colectiva, lo proponen como agenda de trabajo para los próximos meses. Sabiendo que este listado no es definitivo ni exhaustivo, lo ofrecemos a la comunidad como un punto de partida para la deliberación, discusión y debate dentro de Universidades, centros de investigación, sociedades científicas y profesionales y al aparato estatal, de manera de fortalecer el rol de la psicología en la problematización y reducción las inequidades e injusticias, así como en el fomento del bienestar psicosocial.

Importance Active immunization for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recommended in patients living with HIV. Limited evidence is available about the most appropriate regimen of HBV vaccination among those who have not responded to an initial schedule. Objective To determine the efficacy of a high-dose schedule compared with a standard dose of HBV vaccination. Design, Setting, and Participants This double-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial included patients living with HIV at a single outpatient HIV and hepatology clinic in Chile for whom previous HBV vaccination had failed. Patients with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers less than 10 IU/L after an initial HBV vaccination regimen were included. Consecutive patients were recruited between December 2013 and March 2018. Data were analyzed in June 2018 using intention-to-treat analysis. Intervention The high-dose HBV vaccination group consisted of 3 doses of 40 μg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, and 2 months. The standard-dose group received 3 doses 20 μg each at 0, 1, and 2 months. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was the serologic response to HBV vaccination (anti-HBs greater than 10 IU/L) 4 to 8 weeks after completion of the schedule. Secondary outcomes were anti-HBs greater than 100 IU/L and seroprotective anti-HBs at 1 year follow up. Results A total of 107 patients underwent randomization (55 to the standard-dose group, 52 to the high-dose group); 81 (75.7%) were men, and the mean (SD) patient age was 47.0 (13.3) years. Nearly all patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy (105 patients [98%]) and 92 patients (86%) had an undetectable HIV viral load. Mean (SD) CD4 count was 418 (205) cells/mm3. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Serological response in the high-dose group was found in 36 of 50 patients (72%; 95% CI, 56.9%-82.9%) compared with 28 of 55 patients in the standard-dose group (51%; 95% CI, 37.1%-64.6%) (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.02-6.10; P = .03). Mean (SD) anti-HB levels were 398.0 (433.4) IU/L in the high-dose group and 158.5 (301.4) IU/L in the standard-dose group (P

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share transmission mechanisms and thus coinfection is frequent. Active immunization against HBV is essential in HIV patients. Reports using standard and reinforced HBV vaccination schedules vary widely in seroconversion rates depending on the characteristics of the included patients. Regional data concerning HBV vaccination in HIV patients are scarce. We aim to determine the serological response to HBV vaccination using standard schedule in HIV-positive patients and to evaluate characteristics that predict seroconversion. Materials and methods We performed a single centre prospective study of HBV vaccination with standard schedule in HIV-positive patients. Adults with negative markers of HBV infection were included between November 2012 and December 2014. Anti-HBs titres were measured 4–8 weeks after completion of vaccination schedule. Clinical, laboratory values and HIV characteristics were analyzed to determine their association with seroconversion and adherence to the HBV vaccination schedule. Results The study included 245 HIV-positive patients, 68.9% were male and the mean age was 42.1 years. A total of 80.7% of the patients had undetectable HIV viral loads, 86.1% had CD4 counts >200, and 94.7% were on HAART. The response to vaccination was positive in 62% (95% CI, 56–68%) and mean anti-HBs titres of 646 IU/ml. 85.5% of the responders had anti-HBs titres >100 IU/ml. An age less than 45 years, no tobacco use and a CD4/CD8 ratio >0.4 were associated with seroconversion in multivariate analysis. The seroconversion rates were 86% in the subgroup of patients who met these criteria. A total of 97.9% of the study population completed the vaccination schedule. Conclusion The CD4/CD8 ratio was the primary factor associated with positive serological conversion in the multivariate analysis. The seroconversion rates were higher in a selected group of patients who were particularly suitable for the use of the standard HBV vaccination schedule.

HBV-HIV coinfection is prevalent. Frequently, anti-HBc is the only serological marker of HBV, which can be indicative of HBV resolved infection, when found together with anti-HBs reactivity; or present as "isolated anti-HBc," related to HBV occult infection with presence of detectable DNA HBV, more prevalent in HIV-positive individuals. Regional data about this condition are scarce. Anti-HBc rapid test has been used as screening, but its performance has not been described in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study was determine prevalence of anti-HBc in HIV-positive patients, serological pattern of HBV resolved infection and isolated anti-HBc, evaluating presence of HBV occult infection. Assess anti-HBc rapid test compared to ECLIA. Methods included measurement of anti-HBc and anti-HBs in HIV-positive patients with negative HBsAg. Serum HBV DNA quantification and HBV booster vaccination to "isolated anti-HBc" individuals. Detection of anti-HBc by rapid test and ECLIA. In 192 patients, prevalence of anti-HBc was 42.7% (82/192); associated to male gender, drug use, men-sex-men, positive-VDRL, and longer time HIV diagnosis. 34.4% (66/192) had presence of anti-HBs, mean titers of 637 ui/ml. Isolated anti-HBc in 8.3% (16/192), associated to detectable HIV viral load and no-use of HAART; in them, HBV DNA was undetectable, and 60% responded to HBV vaccination booster. Anti-HBc rapid test showed low sensibility (32.9%) compared to ECLIA. These results show that prevalence of anti-HBc in HIV-positive individuals is high, in most cases accompanied with anti-HBs as HBV resolved infection. Low prevalence of "isolated anti-HBc," with undetectable HBV DNA, and most had anamnestic response to HBV vaccination; suggest low possibility of occult HBV infection. Anti-HBc rapid test cannot be recommended as screening method for anti-HBc.

Football and media have become associated to such an extent that it would be difficult to discuss the history of sports in Chile without acknowledging its relationship with the media. Since the early 1900s, the media coverage of football—arguably the most significant mass spectacle in Chile—has become a unique place to evoke political sympathy and national pride. Before the gradual introduction of television in the 1960s, print journalism and radio were the technological tools that defined the ways in which Chileans experienced football. As narrative devices, sports media represented football for much larger audiences than those sitting in the stadium. In the 1940s, football chronicles may have been read aloud, and photographs of famous footballers were usually posted in public places for semiliterate workers too poor to buy sports magazines. Similarly, the pitch of a radio announcer’s voice and the quick summations he gave to different plays generated their own visual spectacle and moral evaluations for listeners. Although sports magazines and radio broadcasts were mostly consumed in urban areas, they created new ways of experiencing football that enabled participation from larger parts of the nation. The importance of these sources lies in their central role of making football a much more understandable sport to mass audiences, many of whom were illiterate. Most importantly, sports media became a public terrain for making claims about Chilean citizenship, including affirmations of appropriate masculinity, racial belonging, and class relations.

La Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil), es un rubro tradicional del Paraguay desarrollado al inicio de forma extractiva de los bosques y con el fin de aumentar la productividad se alteró su hábitat natural y con ello también la incidencia de insectos que se mantenían en equilibrio originalmente; dándose una especial atención a la Gyropsylla spegazziniana, agente causal del rulo de la Yerba Mate. Al no existir un método de control alternativo para esta plaga, se llevó a cabo este trabajo.

72 544x376 Normal 0 21 false false false Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN MALIGNANT AND NON MALIGNANT PROSTATIC TISSUE. ASSOCIATION WITH TUMOR RECURRENCE AT ONE YEAR AFTER PROSTATECTOMY. Background : Prostate cancer (PC) is the second cause of death by cancer in men in Chile. Its behavior is so variable that it is necessary to search reliable prognostic markers. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is one of the most powerful pro-angiogenic factors. There is no agreement on its validity as a diagnostic or prognostic factor. Aim : To search for VEFG in prostatic tissue. Material and Methods : This study was performed in prostatectomy tissue coming from 41 patients with PC and 39 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Specimens were studied using immunohistochemical staining for VEGF. The percentage of stained glandular cells per patient was calculated and associated with pathological diagnosis in cancer patients. Results: PC biopsies had a mean of 82% of VEGF (+) stained cells, while BPH had only 1.6% (p Conclusions : These results would rule out VEGF as a prognostic factor in this series of patients. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

Dribbling with the Left and Shooting with the Right: Soccer, Sports Media, and Populism in Argentina and Chile, 1940s-1950s contributes to the field of cultural studies and Latin American history by focusing on soccer (or fútbol), arguably the most significant mass spectacle in twentieth century Latin America. As part of the inquiry on Latin American populism and mass culture, my dissertation examines the role of soccer and sports media in creating and contesting populist regimes during the 1940s and 1950s. In particular, my work analyzes the presidencies of two military leaders that aggressively promoted soccer and sports programs as part of their state modernization projects: Juan Perón in Argentina (1946-1955) and Carlos Ibáñez in Chile (1952-1958). Both Perón and Ibáñez argued that sports would morally and physically uplift the working and middle classes and transform them into citizens of more vigorous national races. Dribbling with the Left and Shooting with the Right is both a social-political history of soccer and a cultural history of the particular roles played by sports media during the 1940s and 1950s. While historians of sports have extensively used government documents, club balances, and attendance records, my project further expands the archive by including sports magazines, medical treatises, illustrations, photographs, advertising, radio records and film footage.

HBV-HIV coinfection is prevalent. Frequently, anti-HBc is the only serological marker of HBV, which can be indicative of HBV resolved infection, when found together with anti-HBs reactivity; or present as "isolated anti-HBc," related to HBV occult infection with presence of detectable DNA HBV, more prevalent in HIV-positive individuals. Regional data about this condition are scarce. Anti-HBc rapid test has been used as screening, but its performance has not been described in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study was determine prevalence of anti-HBc in HIV-positive patients, serological pattern of HBV resolved infection and isolated anti-HBc, evaluating presence of HBV occult infection. Assess anti-HBc rapid test compared to ECLIA. Methods included measurement of anti-HBc and anti-HBs in HIV-positive patients with negative HBsAg. Serum HBV DNA quantification and HBV booster vaccination to "isolated anti-HBc" individuals. Detection of anti-HBc by rapid test and ECLIA. In 192 patients, prevalence of anti-HBc was 42.7% (82/192); associated to male gender, drug use, men-sex-men, positive-VDRL, and longer time HIV diagnosis. 34.4% (66/192) had presence of anti-HBs, mean titers of 637 ui/ml. Isolated anti-HBc in 8.3% (16/192), associated to detectable HIV viral load and no-use of HAART; in them, HBV DNA was undetectable, and 60% responded to HBV vaccination booster. Anti-HBc rapid test showed low sensibility (32.9%) compared to ECLIA. These results show that prevalence of anti-HBc in HIV-positive individuals is high, in most cases accompanied with anti-HBs as HBV resolved infection. Low prevalence of "isolated anti-HBc," with undetectable HBV DNA, and most had anamnestic response to HBV vaccination; suggest low possibility of occult HBV infection. Anti-HBc rapid test cannot be recommended as screening method for anti-HBc.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second cause of death by cancer in men in Chile. Its behavior is so variable that it is necessary to search reliable prognostic markers. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is one of the most powerful pro-angiogenic factors. There is no agreement on its validity as a diagnostic or prognostic factor.To search for VEFG in prostatic tissue.This study was performed in prostatectomy tissue coming from 41 patients with PC and 39 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Specimens were studied using immunohistochemical staining for VEGF. The percentage of stained glandular cells per patient was calculated and associated with pathological diagnosis in cancer patients.PC biopsies had a mean of 82% of VEGF (+) stained cells, while BPH had only 1.6% (p0.01). No relationship was found between the percentage of staining and recurrence at one year of follow-up in the case of PC.These results would rule out VEGF as a prognostic factor in this series of patients.

In Chile swine trichinosis has presented a progressive decreasing in the last two decades of XX century. T. Spiralis pig infection descended from an average of 0.683 per 1000 in 1980-1984 to 0.315 in 1985-1989 andto 0.115 in 1990-1996. In the particular case of Metropolitan Region this decreasing has been more marked: from an average of 0.058 per 1000 in 1990-1994to 0.003 in 1995-1999. Between the end of June 1999 and middle January 2000 in MetropolitanRegion abattoirs T. spiralis was detected in 15 (4.9%) out of 306 swine from two pigsties located in El Monte (E.M.) and Padre Hurtado (P.H.) 45 and 30 km south-west from Santiago. In the same period another four pigs from the same premises were found infected in abattoirs of other regions. During inspection visits it was stated that both pig farms had deficient sanitary conditions. Phototrichinoscopy was positive in three out of five Rattus norvegicus collected in E.M. In pigsty PH the examination of diaphragm samples of 25 dogs and 17 cats resulted negative. In the premises originating T. spirali infected swine the Metropolitan Environmetal Health Service Abattoirs Progam carries out an epidemiological vigilance consisting in the follow-up of animls destined for slaughteringin order to initiate prophylactic actions oriented to eliminate eventual sources of trichinosis infection for human and rearing pigs

Resumen: Durante su primer mandato presidencial (1927-1931), Carlos Ibáñez inició un período de profunda modernización estatal que incluyó un impulso sin precedentes a las políticas deportivas nacionales. Ibáñez promulgó la primera Ley de Educación Física de Chile en 1929, transformando su práctica en asignatura obligatoria en establecimientos educacionales públicos y privados. A su vez, centralizó la administración de los deportes bajo una misma agencia estatal y patrocinó clubes locales y delegaciones atléticas internacionales. Este artículo explora los esfuerzos institucionales del Gobierno ibañista por legitimar su proyecto reformista y nacionalista a través de los deportes, así como también los principales debates entre columnistas deportivos, periodistas, médicos, profesores de educación física y dirigentes políticos en las páginas de la revista Los Sports sobre el rol del Estado como garante de la actividad física en Chile.