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In recent decades, sociologist Ulrich Beck (1992) has been warning about the risk society in which we operate today, which includes risks that are not only conjunctural but essentially structural, such as pollution and global warming. Recently, contemporaneity faces a new serious risk, the pandemic caused by COVID-19, which seems to be transforming our social formations into a viral society. In order to understand these social processes and sociological questions, the present text draws attention to one of the most relevant social and intercultural mediations in the current social framework, the articulation between the coronavirus pandemic and tourist activities. A case study deals here with the discourse produced about such themes by digital social network Wikipedia. This study is contextualized by theoretical and practical reflections from tourism studies and supported by ideas such as “viral risk” and “viral risk tourism”. A sample of content extracted from Wikipedia is analyzed and interpreted through a qualitative and quantitative method developed by the author, named “hybrid discourse analysis”, which uses, among other interpretive tools, the “alphabet of interconceptual relations”.

This text aims to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic influences contemporary society, particularly in its most basic configurations, the daily urban life of social agents and their urban bodies, within the global city and, more recently, inside the viral city. To this purpose, a synthesis of part of an ongoing project is presented here, in two dimensions of everyday life: daily times in conjunction with everyday spaces. In the diachronic and historical axis of reality, transformed today into a viral society, it is possible to distinguish the following daily life configurations: cyclical everyday, routine everyday, exceptional every day and dialogical every day. In the synchronic axis, and particularly in contemporaneity, 10 sociological theses are proposed here to try to decipher some of the main processes where the impact of COVID-19 on the coeval urban fabric and the body of its actors is most felt. Finally, the author suggests some possible alternative strategies to the pandemic in the context of today’s viral daily life. However, these are only very general lines of sociological reflection, intended only to help define future courses of action for practical solutions, which are still unclear. That may be done within the framework of reconstruction of a healthier and more creative urban daily life for all citizens of the planet.

In contemporary times, tourism constitutes a fundamental part of global economies, societies and cultures (Andrade, 2020a, 2020b). However, Covid-19 virus pandemic turned this situation on its head. Therefore, it is also necessary to put reflection and action conducted by Social Sciences upside down. The present text aims to discuss the different types of value of tourism goods and services, in the context of the current ‘viral society’. This unprecedented emerging paradigm of virulent social formations, can be understood and defined in terms of societal processes such as the confinement and lack of confinement in what regards social spaces and times. In sociological terms, such social clash may be translated as an opposition between the two following concepts: ‘social demobilities’, which is associated with the lack of freedom in what regards social and physical movements; and ‘social mobilities’ (John Urry, 2007) who argues that ‘everything is on the move’: capital, labor, means of production, goods, services, etc. ‘Social remobilities’ is another idea that the sociologist may use, in order to overcome this demobililities situation, in articulation with the participatory remodeling of social activities and discourses by citizens. In fact, today a ‘viral culture’ is also emerging, founded on cultural activities undertaken within a novel ‘viral public space’, where new dialectics of demobililities and remobilities’ occur. Viral public space means a public sphere conditioned by the characteristics of the viral society, which leads, for example, to cultural events developed more frequently and deeply in cyberspace and cybertime, especially within digital social networks (Web 2.0) and inside Web 3.0’s socio-semantic networks. In the context of tourism, the model of ‘viral tourism’ is designed as an unprecedented way of traveling, which inherits some of the characteristics of viral society, such as the preponderance of virtual travel on the internet, and a greater development of locative tourism driven by mobile phones.

This text discusses the central globalization process of products and services’ consumption, and its influence on social agents’ lifestyles. For instance, drinks, food, information or mall’s goods’ consumption. Some of the phenomena associated with or resulting from global consumption are as follows: post-salariat, hyper-consumption, hypoconsumption, hegemonic and counter-hegemonic consumption, citizenship of consumption, polyphony of consumption, consumption traps and the recent 'viral consumption’ and ‘viral lifestyle’, originated within the Covid-19 pandemic. This new situation of health and social crisis generates anti-pandemic resistances. One strategy of resistance occurs via the consumption of information, which, among other activities, has increased exponentially in cyberspace and cybertime, due to the social pressure exerted by Corona virus. In this perspective, today we are witnessing the transformation of insufficient or inflated information’s consumption about Covid-19, into more profound, pertinent and useful knowledge about this pandemic., O presente texto debate o processo central da globalização do consumo de produtos e serviços, e a sua influência nos estilos de vida dos agentes sociais. Por exemplo, consumo de bebidas, alimentação, informação e bens ou serviços de centros comerciais. Alguns dos fenómenos associados ou decorrentes do consumo global são os seguintes: o pós-salariado (ou pós-salariato), o hiperconsumo, o hipoconsumo, os consumos hegemónico e contra-hegemónico, a cidadania do consumo, a polifonia do consumo, as armadilhas do consumo e os recentes ‘consumo viral’ e ‘estilo de vida viral’ originados na pandemia do Covid-19. Esta nova situação de crise sanitária e social gera resistências anti-pandémicas. Uma destas estratégias de resistência ocorre no quadro do consumo de informação que, entre outras atividades, tem aumentado exponencialmente no ciberespaço e no cibertempo, devido à pressão social exercida pelo Corona vírus. Numa tal perspetiva, assiste-se hoje à transformação do consumo ora insuficiente ora inflacionado de informação sobre o Covid-19, em conhecimento mais profundo, pertinente e útil sobre esta pandemia., (undefined)

This article presents part of a sociological, historical and anthropologic project and program, intended to develop a strategy of knowledge dissemination through social storytelling. Such social narratives are being constructed based on real social stories and facts. These real processes were studied through research pursued in the last decades, on the problematics of urban cultures and tourism, related with the arts and media, in particular within some cities of Portugal (e.g. Lisbon, Coimbra, Braga). Thus, the present text aims to raise questions in order to construct real social stories founded on the following issues: 1. Urban processes and places and their public cultures, e.g. social drinking practices. 2. Activities and agents of urban tourism. 3. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on society and on urban tourism. This last process implies the analysis of the eventual emergence of a viral society and of a viral tourism, and the consequent remobilization of tourism and viral tourists. Within such problematic context, the present text establishes a debate for a Sociology of Urban Tourism founded on an Open Research. Such perspective simultaneously includes theoretical reflections and empirical studies, traditional and digital methodologies, national and international teams, in short intercultural and transcultural research cultures. For such aims, concretely a theoretical/practical debate is pursued on the following matters and means: Project: for an intelligent urban tourism and social touring. Tools: social and Sociological Tours Guides for a Sociological History and a Historical Sociology of touristic cities. Media: App Paper as a prototype of an app hybridized with an e-book, which can be used to present papers at congresses, for constructing Sociological Touring Guides, etc. Method: why and how to use a Sociological Guide in the form of an App Paper or as other apps and e-books. Contents for Sociological Guides, to be used by inhabitants/citizens, strollers/tourists and strangers/migrants., Este artigo apresenta parte de um projeto e programa sociológico, histórico e antropológico, que visa desenvolver uma estratégia de disseminação do conhecimento por meio da social storytelling. Tais narrativas sociais estão a ser construídas com base em histórias e fatos sociais reais. Estes processos reais foram estudados através de pesquisas desenvolvidas nas últimas décadas, sobre a problemática das culturas urbanas e do turismo, relacionadas com as artes e os media, em particular em algumas cidades de Portugal (por exemplo, Lisboa, Coimbra, Braga). Assim, o presente texto pretende levantar questões para a construção de histórias sociais reais a partir das seguintes questões: 1. Processos e lugares urbanos e as suas culturas públicas, por ex. as práticas sociais de beber. 2. Atividades e agentes do turismo urbano. 3. Impacto da pandemia Covid-19 na sociedade e no turismo urbano. Este último processo implica a análise do eventual surgimento de uma sociedade viral e de um turismo viral, e a consequente remobilização do turismo e dos turistas virais. Nesse contexto problemático, o presente texto estabelece um debate visando uma Sociologia do Turismo Urbano alicerçada numa Pesquisa Aberta (Open Research). Uma tal perspetiva inclui simultaneamente reflexões teóricas e estudos empíricos, metodologias tradicionais e digitais, equipas nacionais e internacionais, em suma culturas de investigação interculturais e transculturais. Para isso, desenvolve-se concretamente um debate teórico / prático sobre os seguintes assuntos e meios: Projeto: para um turismo urbano inteligente e viagens sociais. Ferramentas: Guias para viagens sociais e sociológicas, visando uma História Sociológica e uma Sociologia Histórica das cidades turísticas. Media: App Paper: um protótipo de uma app hibridizada com um e-book, que pode ser usado para apresentação de papers em congressos, para a construção de Sociological Touring Guides, etc. Método: porquê e como usar um Guia Sociológico na forma de um App Paper ou de outros apps e e-books. Conteúdos destinados a Guias Sociológicos, para uso por habitantes / cidadãos, passeantes / turistas e estrangeiros / migrantes.

Mobile devices and the corresponding culture, are transforming the way we understand and sense social, urban and intercultural processes. The aim of this text is twofold: firstly, to circumscribe the main ideas and concepts which clarify the process of mobile culture, activated through the use of locative apparatus (cell phones, etc.). Secondly, inquiry why and how mobile culture and its instruments facilitate or difficult communication within tourism activities. Tourism is one of the most relevant processes within the contemporary city, in the sense that it activates multiple urban mobilities and their modes and means of communication, in particular the social and cultural exchanges among native citizens of a destination place, and tourists visiting this locality., Os dispositivos móveis e a cultura correspondente, encontram-se a transformar a maneira como entendemos e sentimos os processos sociais, urbanos e interculturais. O objetivo deste texto é duplo: em primeiro lugar, circunscrever as principais ideias e conceitos que esclarecem o processo de cultura móvel, ativados através do uso de aparelhos locativos (telemóveis, etc.). Em segundo lugar, inquirir as causas e os meios através ds quais a cultura móvel e os seus instrumentos facilitam ou dificultam a comunicação no seio das atividades turísticas. O turismo é um dos processos mais relevantes no interior da cidade contemporânea, no sentido em que ativa múltiplas mobilidades urbanas e os seus modos e meios de comunicação, em particular o intercâmbio social e cultural entre os cidadãos nativos de um lugar de destino, e os turistas que visitam essa localidade., (undefined)

In the present pandemia situation, new solutions must be found, to overcame the impact of the Covid-19. This text discusses two of those collective answers: 1. Socio-cultural resistance movements organized by art professionals and their publics. 2. A practical knowledge instrument for such action. One of the most relevant publics of public art is the cultural tourist. In this articulation between a social activity and an agent, a practical sociological objective lies in the construction of concrete tools for clarifying public art applied to tourism activities. For example, in the form of an Encyclopedia of Public Art, which can be useful for various agents involved in both the cultural world of public art and in the social universe of tourism. These public art’s agents or publics, and tourist audiences, include researchers, teachers, students, travel agencies, museums, galleries and other institutions, NGOs, cultural associations, as well as tourists, citizens and immigrants. For this purpose, a brief Glossary of Public Art is presented here, one of the necessary tools for the construction of the Encyclopedia of Public Art. The themes and issues announced and enunciated, to be included in the Encyclopedia, are divided into two areas: (a) current social processes: eg. mobile cultures and arts, graffiti, digital public art, creative city, smart city, city 3.0, culture 3.0, web 3.0 or social-semantic network, digital cultural tourism, tourism 3.0, creative and innovative tourism, communicative tourism, mobile locative tourism; (b) theories, concepts and new methodologies for the study of public art addressed to tourist communication: among others, public art communication studies, hybridology, hybrid methods, hybrimedia., CAP - Public Art Journal, Vol 2 No 2 (2020): Public Art Research, aims and networks

O trabalho “Inundacoes Urbanas: o caso da Micro-Bacia Hidrografica do Corrego Ipiranga – Juiz de Fora/MG” e um estudo de caso sobre as ocorrencias de inundacoes que ocorrem na micro-bacia do Corrego Ipiranga. O objetivo e identificar os pontos que ocorrem impactos ambientais, que tem como causa as inundacoes, que geram prejuizos materiais para a populacao local. No local, mesmo com repetidos casos anuais de impactos ambientais urbanos nao ha acoes do poder pubico em pratica como o seu planejamento e o gerenciamento para solucionar esse problema. As metodologias utilizadas foram as visitas de campo, analises morfometricas e edicao de mapas com o software ArcGis 9.3 que auxiliaram na verificacao do contraste existente entre o uso do solo e o seu relevo, e entre a forma da bacia e a ocupacao urbana. Os impactos gerados sao decorrentes da falta de planejamento e gerenciamento das bacias que junto com a nao aplicacao das leis existentes, prejudicam e degradam cada vez mais o ambiente em que os homens estao inseridos.

Apresentamos aqui a reflexão que enquadra teórica e metodologicamente o projecto de investigação homónimo a ser desenvolvido pelos autores. Níveis a que procederá a análise: 1. Serão focalizados os processos simbólicos de construção (identificação e diferenciação) das empresas; 2. Serão focalizados os contextos normativos da acção e as distintas racionalidades que contribuem para a definição da identidade da empresa e para a construção social do mercado (racionalidades legais, racionalidades estratégicas, racionalidades limitadas, etc.); 3. Serão focalizadas a génese e o perfil do pequeno e médio empresário, que, enquanto factores estruturais e estruturantes das empresas, as identificam e diferenciam; 4. Serão focalizadas as retóricas e as argumentatividades, próprias da publicidade e do marketing da empresa, das suas marcas e produtos, que contribuem, também elas, para a produção da identidade das PME; 5. Será focalizado o quotidiano da empresa, nas práticas de trabalho e de lazer, constituintes da identidade das PME., Nous presenterons ici la reflexion qui encadre theoriquement et methodologiquement Ie projet d'investigation homonyme developpe par les auteurs. Niveaux de procedure de l'analyse: 1. Nous ferons ressortir les processus symboliques de construction (identification et differenciation) des entreprises; 2. Nous ferons ressortir les contextes normatifs de l'action et les differentes rationalites qui contribuent a une definition de l'identite de l'entreprise et a la construction sociale du march{: (rationalites legales, rationalites strategiques, rationalites limitees, etc.); 3. Nous ferons ressortir la genese et Ie profil du chef d'entreprise, qui, en tant que facteurs sructurels et structurants des entreprises, les identifient et les differencient; 4. Nous ferons ressortir les rhetoriques et les argumentations propres a la publicite, a ses marques et produits, qui contribuent elles-aussi a la production de l'identite des PME. 5. Nous ferons ressortir Ie quotidien de l'entreprise, dans les pratiques de travail et de loisir, constituantes de l'identite des PME., We hereby present some framing thoughts which refer to the theory and methods followed during this project. Levels of analysis to be focused by the project: 1. The symbolic processes of creating enterprises (identification and differentiation); 2. The normative contexts of action and the distinct rationalities that contribute to the definition of the identity of the enterprise as well as to the social creation of the market (i. e legal, strategic and limited rationalities); 3. The genesis and profile of the small and medium entrepreneur, which identify and differentiate the enterprises, since they are their structuring and structural factors themselves; 4. The rhetoric and arguments concerning publicity and marketing of the enterprises' trade marks and products, which also interfere in the production of the identity of SME; 5. The daily life of the enterprise, either at work or leisure practices that constitute the identity of the enterprise.

This paper aims to understand some main articulations between mobile tourism and daily life within the urban fabric, under Covid-19 pandemic. Mobile tourism is circumscribed as tourism supported by locative digital devices, for example mobile phones and their apps. Before mobile revolution, tourists often just collected descriptive information on the travel and about the visited society. E.g. data on booking trips and hotels, leisure places, food and drinks. Nowadays, s(he) searches more and more knowledge about the visited societies, using a strategy named ‘touristic knowledge’. Such concept means the production and consumption of experiences and memories, that articulate knowledge originated within societies where the tourist belongs, with knowledge and savoirs generated in the visited countries/cultures. Big Knowledge The information society, for decades, has produced cyclopean quantities of data, a phenomenon known as Big Data. Such process makes it extremely difficult to analyze information in a timely manner for its application to economy, cultural industries, education and research. The recent network society only exacerbates such situation. One of the recommended solutions to solve this problem is the use of knowledge management systems, such as Knowledge Sites and Bases (e.g. Freebase). These systems use varied software for the extraction, analysis and dissemination of knowledge (Knowledge Graph in Google, Facebook, etc.). In other words, today Big Data becomes Big Knowledge, a strategy that overcomes some shortcomings of Big Data, but at the same time raises other risks. Method Research/Sociological Games are visual and digital methods, developed by the author using Unity and 3D software, to construct game apps for mobile devices, to be used in particular against Covid-19, by tourists within urban locations/territories of visited countries. These games’ scope is not just to consult informative data, but also comprehend different visited cultures and the respective risks, by playing/applying multiple modes of interconnected knowledge., Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender algumas das principais articulações entre o turismo móvel e o quotidiano no tecido urbano, sob a pandemia de Covid-19. O turismo móvel é circunscrito como turismo apoiado por dispositivos digitais locativos, por exemplo, telemóveis e seus aplicativos (apps). Antes da revolução móvel, os turistas geralmente coletavam apenas informações descritivas sobre as viagens e acerca da sociedade visitada. Por exemplo, dados sobre reservas de viagens e hotéis, locais de lazer, alimentos e bebidas. Hoje em dia, esses atores sociais pesquisam cada vez mais conhecimento sobre as sociedades visitadas, utilizando uma estratégia denominada ‘conhecimento turístico’. Um tal conceito significa a produção e consumo de experiências e memórias, que articulam conhecimentos originados nas sociedades onde o turista pertence, com gerados nos países / culturas visitados. Big Knowledge A sociedade da informação, durante décadas, produziu quantidades ciclópicas de dados, fenómeno conhecido como Big Data. Este processo torna extremamente difícil analisar informações em tempo útil para a sua aplicação na economia, indústrias culturais, educação e investigação. A recente sociedade em rede apenas agrava essa situação. Uma das soluções recomendadas para resolver este problema é a utilização de sistemas de gestão do conhecimento, como Knowledge Sites e Knowledge Bases (por exemplo, Freebase). Estes sistemas utilizam softwares variados para a extração, análise e disseminação do conhecimento (Knowledge Graph no Google, Facebook, etc.). Por outras palavras, hoje o Big Data transforma-se em Big Knowledge, uma estratégia que supera algumas deficiências do Big Data, mas ao mesmo tempo comporta outros riscos. Método Os Jogos Sociológicos de investigação (Sociological Research Games) constituem métodos visuais e digitais, desenvolvidos pelo autor usando Unity e software 3D, por forma a construir aplicativos de jogos para dispositivos móveis, a serem usados em particular contra a Covid-19, por turistas em locais / territórios urbanos dos países visitados. O escopo desses jogos não é apenas consultar dados informativos, mas também compreender as diferentes culturas visitadas e os respetivos riscos, através de jogos e aplicando vários modos de conhecimento interconectados.