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In this article, the authors outline a classroom exercise involving goldsmiths designed to improve undergraduate students' understanding of how banks create money. This concept is important to macroeconomics and money and banking courses, yet students frequently struggle with it, largely due to the nonphysical nature of deposits and reserves. In contrast, gold-based banking systems tend to be more intuitive because of the physical nature of gold. By simulating interactions among a goldsmith, a depositor, a merchant, and a borrower in a gold-based system, students gain a deeper understanding of reserves and money creation. In particular, the exercise illuminates the intricate link between lending and the creation of new money, and highlights the importance of fractional reserve banking and reserve deposits.

This article describes a collaborative arrangement between a practitioner-oriented doctoral program in clinical psychology and a nonprofit teen pregnancy prevention agency. Emphasis is on academic-community connection; that is, scholarly engagement with real-world problems and a view of psychology as a force for social change through collaboration between programs of psychology and community agencies. Included is a description of a teen pregnancy prevention program and a model of academic-community collaboration with implications for curriculum design and training of doctoral level psychology students in community consultation, collaboration, and issues of social justice.

We investigate if increased deportations under the Secure Communities (SC) program impacted the marriage patterns of immigrant women in the United States. We focus on country of origin‐MSA deportation rates, arguing this is appropriate given the dominance of endogamous marriage among immigrants and large heterogeneity in removal rates. We find that rising deportations increased marriage rates and endogamous marriage, decreased exogamous marriage to immigrants from other countries, and had no impact on marriage to native‐born men. This is striking because SC likely reduced same ethnicity partners in marriage markets. We find some evidence that increased network effects may explain these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to their heterosexual counterparts, lesbians are increasingly meeting and falling in love with women very different than themselves - differences which include race and class and thus, cultural background. Yet, there are distinct challenges which confront the interracial lesbian couple such as homophobia, racism, and limited social support from family and friends as illustrated through the narratives of two composite couples. A race, class, and culture sensitive psychotherapy is recommended. This enables clinicians to articulate perspectives which reframe and 'unpersonalize' power struggles and disclose cultural differences in values and meanings as well as affirm those special joys and rewards when attraction and intimacy are joined to cultural difference.

There are multiple decisions and necessary conversations that are a crucial part of psychodynamic clinical practice between lesbian clients and lesbian therapists. These necessary conversations, which can make or break effective psychotherapy, include approach and timing of therapist disclosure of sexual orientation; boundary concerns; feelings which arise as the result of contact between therapist and client in lesbian social space; transference feelings; wishes for future friendship or lover relationship with the therapist; as well as conversations about these conversations. Necessary conversations also include those internal dialogues within the therapist so as to contain feelings and monitor behaviors when overidentification with lesbian clients occurs.

This paper describes and explores a developmental transition called 'late mid-life astonishment.' This transition or passage most typically begins between the ages of 50 and 60, is marked by a sudden awareness of the acceleration and stigmatization of aging, and characterized by feelings of amazement and despair at the convergence of diminished physical/sexual attractiveness and the multiple losses and changes brought about or occurring simultaneously with the increase of age. This transition then is a developmental crisis: one which can initiate a disruption of one's sense of self or identity and result in feelings of heightened vulnerability, shame, and severe loss of self-esteem. The paper concludes with implications for a psychotherapy which is validating of experience, attuned to the themes and tasks of late mid-life, and facilitating of the emergence of the personal resources necessary to confront and reconcile the reality of aging and discover its new and possible rewards.

Higher levels of educational have been shown to increases an individual's earnings, but these impacts may be less apparent when an education-occupation match fails to occur. Previous studies show education-occupation mismatches to impact earnings, productivity and migration. We analyze the impact of education-occupation matching on earnings in Mexico from 2012 to 2017. The returns from an additional year of schooling are higher when one secures employment in an occupation that requires the additional education. We also extend our analysis to women whom earn less than their male counterparts, however observe higher returns from additional schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational sorting now is one of the main drivers of the gender wage gap. Differential rates of human capital depreciation, or knowledge obsolescence, have been put forward as one potential explanation. This paper provides new evidence on this relationship using a dataset on academic citations constructed by the authors. The dataset covers numerous fields and decades, making it a more recent and comprehensive measure of human capital depreciation. Using data on occupations from the ACS we find that higher rates of knowledge obsolescence are associated with reductions in women's presence in a field. We also find that knowledge obsolescence reduces female presence in college majors at the undergraduate level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a qualitative study of 18 mothers who learned that their daughters identified as transgender. The interviews reveal a process of reconciliation that included themes of initial devastation, daughter-loss, and recollections of early gender-variant behaviors. Turning points such as adjustment to a male presentation and a perceptual-cognitive shift enabled mothers to view their daughters as male and begin to respond to them as their son. A discussion of psychotherapeutic issues and techniques is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on an interview study of ten Caucasian mothers who, following disclosure of a daughter's lesbianism, ultimately engaged in some activity supportive of parental acceptance and/or the gay civil rights movement. Findings showed that similar to their lesbian daughters, these mothers had assimilated the behaviors and coping skills of an oppressed and stigmatized group, and thus shared similar experiences as part of their acceptance process. In addition, these mothers' process of acceptance was found in many ways to parallel stage-based models of lesbian and homosexual identity formation. The article concludes with a discussion of prevalent issues in psychotherapy with both mothers and daughters. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]