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The excellent performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) requires the combined efforts of several components, and one of the most important influences is the flow field design shape of the bipolar plate (BP). An excellent flow field can homogenize the fuel distribution and promote water discharge with good pressure drop. A novel serpentine channel is proposed considering space traversal, and the channel is designed on the basis of Peano curves. Comparing the Peano channel with the serpentine channel, the findings demonstrate the Peano channel has better power density, higher oxygen–hydrogen content, more balanced water distribution. Nevertheless, due to the undesirable impact of pressure drop, the bend of the Peano channel has been modified to a circular arc to address this concern. Subsequently, it has been ascertained that the pressure drop has been reduced without significantly affecting the other properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating a formal model for timbre is one of the most compelling open questions in music research. In contrast to more traditional perceptually-oriented approaches, often aimed at sound analysis, we introduce a three-dimensional geometric model of timbre, specifically designed for sound synthesis. The proposed model relies on the properties of space-filling curves for multidimensional scaling, and represents via three parameters, any static combination of sinusoidal partials with an additional noisiness component. We detail the construction of the model and its properties and discuss future implications for music research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to give a fairly complete analysis of Peano's space filling curve. We begin with a synopsis of the history of the curve, but then begin an analysis using the geometric methods that Hilbert developed. We show that this inherent geometry can be viewed as governed by the action of the Klein Four Group and continue to give a rather full arithmetization of the Peano Curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sufficient conditions on a smooth, real-valued function g for the nowhere differentiability of g ∘ p are given, where p is Peano's curve. This generalizes Sagan's analytic proof on the nowhere differentiability of the coordinate functions of p. Most of the proofs are geometrically intuitive. The interest about the composites g ∘ p stems from their recent applications in technical branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of low embedding rate and insufficient security in the existing reversible information hiding algorithms in the ciphertext domain, this paper proposed a large-capacity reversible information hiding scheme in the ciphertext domain using the correlation between image pixels. Firstly, it used the correlation between image bit planes to reduce redundancy, then used the Peano curve to scan the bit planes, used run-length Huffman coding to compress each bit plane, and then used the high-level information of the image to fill the low-bit space, and finally used the padding message as a hidden key to XOR the secret information to realize embedding. Experimental results show that the method can restore the original image completely reversibly, and the average maximum embedding capacity can reach 2.53 bpp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancement of wearable electronics, there is an increasing demand for high-performance flexible strain sensors. In this work, a flexible strain sensor based on liquid metal (LM)-integrated into a microfluidic device is developed with Peano-type fractal structure design. Compared with the microfluidic sensors with straight and wavy microchannels, the sensor with Peano-shaped channels shows lower hysteresis and improved stretchability. Furthermore, the increase of the fractal order can further improve the sensing performances. The third-order Peano sensor exhibits excellent mechanical and electrical properties, including high tensile capability (490.3%), minimal hysteresis (DH = 0.86%), ultra-low detection limit (0.1%), low overshoot, rapid response time (117 ms), as well as good stability and durability. By adding two independent and perpendicular straight channels to the Peano sensing unit, the feasibility of multi-directional strain recognition is demonstrated. To further improve the sensitivity of the Peano-shaped sensor, a multi-layer Peano sensor is developed, exhibiting remarkably enhanced sensitivity while maintaining low hysteresis. Overall, the developed LM-based microfluidic strain sensors enrolling Peano fractal geometry hold high potential for various wearable electronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If Γ is the range of a Jordan curve that bounds a convex set in the plane, then 1/2(Γ+Γ)=co(Γ), where + is the Minkowski sum and co is the convex hull. Answering a question of V. N. Ushakov, we construct a simple closed curve in R³ whose range Γ satisfies 1/2(Γ+Γ)=co(Γ)=[0,1]³. Also we show that such a simple closed curve cannot be rectifiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is shown that in the whole range of problems of waves propagation there is hidden feynmanon. We call by feynmanon the quantum object moving along fractal trajectories in phase space of dynamical system related with wave equation considered by means of Feynman integral. Methodology of introduction of feynmanons is quite general and is closely connected with nonlocality of fractional Laplasians.

Analysing Feynman integral for one-dimensional harmonic oscillator we have found that it is possible to introduce quasiparticle of radio systems. This quasiparticle we have called radion. One can understand radion as object moving along fractal trajectories in phase space of oscillator. The same arguments have led us to the conclusion about natural fractality of all radio systems working with spectrum of signal. Under radiation of electromagnetic wave into medium with arbitrary dielectric permeability radion continues its fractal movement. Interrelations of radion and photon also have been discussed.

In this paper, we distinguish two levels for the plane-filling property. We consider a simple and a strong one. In this paper, we give the construction which proves that the simple plane-filling property also holds for the hyperbolic plane. The plane-filling property was established for the Euclidean plane by J. Kari, see [2], in the strong version. We also give an application of the construction to devise a Peano curve in the hyperbolic plane.

The paper introduces a novel approach for the design of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology based devices whereby, several actuating structures (bridges) are employed to generate required phase shifting application. At present, the development of 180° phase shifter structures have been reported which emphasizes on the concept of maximum miniaturization. Miniature switched capacitors and popular space-filling curves viz., Peano and Hilbert Curves have been exploited to implement novel phase shifter designs. Phase shifters employing both Peano Curve and Hilbert Curve based structures, resulting in 180° phase shift, have been designed, fabricated and characterized to obtain 180° phase shift at 15 GHz design frequency. Measurements are conducted to record Capacitance vs. Voltage response curve, RF performance (Return Loss (S 11 in dB) and Insertion Loss (S 21 in dB) characteristics), differential phase shift (in degrees) and the mechanical frequency of vibration. Devices are reported to actuate at a voltage as low as 8.5 V only, with a capacitance ratio as high as C r = 7 are added advantages exhibited by the device. Space-filling curve based phase shifters suggest improvement in achieving highly compact structures (1mm × 1 mm and 0.88mm × 0.88 mm) and acceptable performance throughout the frequency range of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]