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2. Testing the Universality of the Stellar IMF with Chandra and HST

Author

Coulter, D. A., Lehmer, B. D., Eufrasio, R. T., Kundu, A., Maccarone, T., Peacock, M., Hornschemeier, A. E., Basu-Zych, A., Gonzalez, A. H., Maraston, C., and Zepf, S. E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The stellar initial mass function (IMF), which is often assumed to be universal across unresolved stellar populations, has recently been suggested to be "bottom-heavy" for massive ellipticals. In these galaxies, the prevalence of gravity-sensitive absorption lines (e.g. Na I and Ca II) in their near-IR spectra implies an excess of low-mass ($m <= 0.5$ $M_\odot$) stars over that expected from a canonical IMF observed in low-mass ellipticals. A direct extrapolation of such a bottom-heavy IMF to high stellar masses ($m >= 8$ $M_\odot$) would lead to a corresponding deficit of neutron stars and black holes, and therefore of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), per unit near-IR luminosity in these galaxies. Peacock et al. (2014) searched for evidence of this trend and found that the observed number of LMXBs per unit $K$-band luminosity ($N/L_K$) was nearly constant. We extend this work using new and archival Chandra X-ray Observatory (Chandra) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of seven low-mass ellipticals where $N/L_K$ is expected to be the largest and compare these data with a variety of IMF models to test which are consistent with the observed $N/L_K$. We reproduce the result of Peacock et al. (2014), strengthening the constraint that the slope of the IMF at $m >= 8$ $M_\odot$ must be consistent with a Kroupa-like IMF. We construct an IMF model that is a linear combination of a Milky Way-like IMF and a broken power-law IMF, with a steep slope ($\alpha_1=$ $3.84$) for stars < 0.5 $M_\odot$ (as suggested by near-IR indices), and that flattens out ($\alpha_2=$ $2.14$) for stars > 0.5 $M_\odot$, and discuss its wider ramifications and limitations., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table

Published
2016
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5. An AO-assisted variability study of four globular clusters

Author

Salinas, R., Ramos, R. Contreras, Strader, J., Hakala, P., Catelan, M., Peacock, M., and Simunovic, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The image subtraction technique applied to study variable stars in globular clusters represented a leap in the number of new detections, with the drawback that many of these new light curves could not be transformed to magnitudes due to the severe crowding. In this paper we present observations of four Galactic globular clusters, M 2 (NGC 7089), M 10 (NGC 6254), M 80 (NGC 6093) and NGC 1261, taken with the ground-layer adaptive optics module at the SOAR Telescope, SAM. We show that the higher image quality provided by SAM allows the calibration of the light curves of the great majority of the variables near the cores of these clusters as well as the detection of new variables even in clusters where image-subtraction searches were already conducted. We report the discovery of 15 new variables in M 2 (12 RR Lyrae stars and 3 SX Phe stars), 12 new variables in M 10 (11 SX Phe and one long-period variable) and one new W UMa-type variable in NGC 1261. No new detections are found in M 80, but previous uncertain detections are confirmed and the corresponding light curves are calibrated into magnitudes. Additionally, based on the number of detected variables and new HST/UVIS photometry, we revisit a previous suggestion that M 80 may be the globular cluster with the richest population of blue stragglers in our Galaxy., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2016
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6. A Comprehensive Archival Search for Counterparts to Ultra-Compact High Velocity Clouds: Five Local Volume Dwarf Galaxies

Author

Sand, D. J., Crnojević, D., Bennet, P., Willman, B., Hargis, J., Strader, J., Olszewski, E., Tollerud, E. J., Simon, J. D., Caldwell, N., Guhathakurta, P., James, B. L., Koposov, S., McLeod, B., Morrell, N., Peacock, M., Salinas, R., Seth, A. C., Stark, D. P., and Toloba, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We report five Local Volume dwarf galaxies (two of which are presented here for the first time) uncovered during a comprehensive archival search for optical counterparts to ultra-compact high velocity clouds (UCHVCs). The UCHVC population of HI clouds are thought to be candidate gas-rich, low mass halos at the edge of the Local Group and beyond, but no comprehensive search for stellar counterparts to these systems has been presented. Careful visual inspection of all publicly available optical and ultraviolet imaging at the position of the UCHVCs revealed six blue, diffuse counterparts with a morphology consistent with a faint dwarf galaxy beyond the Local Group. Optical spectroscopy of all six candidate dwarf counterparts show that five have an H$\alpha$-derived velocity consistent with the coincident HI cloud, confirming their association, the sixth diffuse counterpart is likely a background object. The size and luminosity of the UCHVC dwarfs is consistent with other known Local Volume dwarf irregular galaxies. The gas fraction ($M_{HI}/M_{star}$) of the five dwarfs are generally consistent with that of dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Volume, although ALFALFA-Dw1 (associated with ALFALFA UCHVC HVC274.68+74.70$-$123) has a very high $M_{HI}/M_{star}$$\sim$40. Despite the heterogenous nature of our search, we demonstrate that the current dwarf companions to UCHVCs are at the edge of detectability due to their low surface brightness, and that deeper searches are likely to find more stellar systems. If more sensitive searches do not reveal further stellar counterparts to UCHVCs, then the dearth of such systems around the Local Group may be in conflict with $\Lambda$CDM simulations., Comment: 18 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures, ApJ Accepted

Published
2015
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7. Overriding water table control on managed peatland greenhouse gas emissions

Author

Evans, C. D., Peacock, M., Baird, A. J., Artz, R. R. E., Burden, A., Callaghan, N., Chapman, P. J., Cooper, H.M., Coyle, M., Cumming, A., Dixon, S., Gauci, V., Grayson, R.P., Helfter, C., Heppel, C. M., Holden, J., and Jones, D.L.

Subjects
Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects -- Control, Peat-bogs -- Environmental aspects -- Management, Water table -- Environmental aspects, Company business management, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Global peatlands store more carbon than is naturally present in the atmosphere.sup.1,2. However, many peatlands are under pressure from drainage-based agriculture, plantation development and fire, with the equivalent of around 3 per cent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases emitted from drained peatland.sup.3-5. Efforts to curb such emissions are intensifying through the conservation of undrained peatlands and re-wetting of drained systems.sup.6. Here we report eddy covariance data for carbon dioxide from 16 locations and static chamber measurements for methane from 41 locations in the UK and Ireland. We combine these with published data from sites across all major peatland biomes. We find that the mean annual effective water table depth (WTD.sub.e; that is, the average depth of the aerated peat layer) overrides all other ecosystem- and management-related controls on greenhouse gas fluxes. We estimate that every 10 centimetres of reduction in WTD.sub.e could reduce the net warming impact of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 emissions (100-year global warming potentials) by the equivalent of at least 3 tonnes of CO.sub.2 per hectare per year, until WTD.sub.e is less than 30 centimetres. Raising water levels further would continue to have a net cooling effect until WTD.sub.e is within 10 centimetres of the surface. Our results suggest that greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands drained for agriculture could be greatly reduced without necessarily halting their productive use. Halving WTD.sub.e in all drained agricultural peatlands, for example, could reduce emissions by the equivalent of over 1 per cent of global anthropogenic emissions. Halving average drainage depths in agricultural peatlands could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the equivalent of 1 per cent of all anthropogenic emissions., Author(s): C. D. Evans [sup.1] [sup.2] , M. Peacock [sup.2] , A. J. Baird [sup.3] , R. R. E. Artz [sup.4] , A. Burden [sup.1] , N. Callaghan [sup.1] , [...]

Published
2021
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9. UVA photosensitisers, protein oxidation and DNA repair

Author

Peacock, M. O. and Karran, P.

Subjects
570
Abstract

Pharmaceuticals can interact with sunlight to cause skin photosensitization and increase skin cancer risk. Interaction of drug molecules with solar UVA or visible radiation results in electronically excited states that damage biomolecules directly or indirectly via the formation of reactive species (RS). RS cause damage to DNA and its precursors, as well as to proteins and lipids. I have devised methods to examine the induction of oxidative protein damage in cultured human cells and used these to investigate the effects of UVA-activated photosensitizing drugs on the formation of protein carbonyls and the oxidation of protein thiol groups. I examined the effects of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) (a surrogate for azathioprine, an immunosuppressant), fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and the malignant melanoma therapeutic vemurafenib, each of which is associated with clinical skin photosensitivity and increased skin cancer risk in patients. All of these drugs are shown to be synergistically cytotoxic with UVA in cultured human cells and toxicity is concurrent with the generation of RS. I identify singlet oxygen as a major component of these photochemically-generated RS and show that widespread protein oxidation is caused. The Ku DNA repair heterodimer is identified as one of several targets for oxidation damage and I show using biochemical assays that damage to Ku compromises its function in the repair of DNA strand breaks. UVA irradiation of cells treated with the photosensitisers significantly compromises the removal of potentially mutagenic DNA lesions by the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Since this DNA repair pathway removes sunlight-induced DNA lesions and is the major protection against skin cancer, my findings have implications for the increased skin cancer risk associated with azathioprine. The ability of structurally dissimilar drugs to recapitulate the effects of 6-TG suggests that the observations may share a common mechanism.

Published
2014

10. A randomized Phase 3 trial of Metformin in patients initiating androgen deprivation therapy as PRevention and Intervention of MEtabolic syndrome: The PRIME Study

Author

Elangovan, A., primary, Eigl, B.J., additional, Ghosh, S., additional, Kim, J., additional, Thoms, J., additional, Bouchard, M., additional, Peacock, M., additional, Fleshner, N., additional, Campbell, H., additional, Vigneault, E., additional, Vincent, F., additional, So, A., additional, Cury, F., additional, Quon, H., additional, Carlson, R., additional, Lambert, C., additional, Klotz, L., additional, Chi, K., additional, Brundage, M., additional, Pollak, M., additional, and Usmani, N., additional

Published
2023
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14. Tradeoffs and synergies in wetland multifunctionality: A scaling issue

Author

Hambäck, P.A., primary, Dawson, L., additional, Geranmayeh, P., additional, Jarsjö, J., additional, Kačergytė, I., additional, Peacock, M., additional, Collentine, D., additional, Destouni, G., additional, Futter, M., additional, Hugelius, G., additional, Hedman, S., additional, Jonsson, S., additional, Klatt, B.K., additional, Lindström, A., additional, Nilsson, J.E., additional, Pärt, T., additional, Schneider, L.D., additional, Strand, J.A., additional, Urrutia-Cordero, P., additional, Åhlén, D., additional, Åhlén, I., additional, and Blicharska, M., additional

Published
2023
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15. Tradeoffs and synergies in wetland multifunctionality : A scaling issue

Author

Hamback, P. A., Dawson, L., Geranmayeh, P., Jarsjo, J., Kacergyte, I., Peacock, M., Collentine, D., Destouni, G., Futter, M., Hugelius, G., Hedman, S., Jonsson, S., Klatt, B. K., Lindstrom, A., Nilsson, Josefin, Part, T., Schneider, L. D., Strand, J. A., Urrutia-Cordero, P., Ahlen, D., ahlen, I., Blicharska, Malgorzata, Hamback, P. A., Dawson, L., Geranmayeh, P., Jarsjo, J., Kacergyte, I., Peacock, M., Collentine, D., Destouni, G., Futter, M., Hugelius, G., Hedman, S., Jonsson, S., Klatt, B. K., Lindstrom, A., Nilsson, Josefin, Part, T., Schneider, L. D., Strand, J. A., Urrutia-Cordero, P., Ahlen, D., ahlen, I., and Blicharska, Malgorzata

Abstract

Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiver-sity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the liter-ature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surround-ing landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key fac-tors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.

Published
2023
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16. Atmospheric contribution of nanoplastics to rural and remote surface waters

Author

Materic, Dusan, Peacock, M., Dean, J., Futter, M., Maximov, T., Moldan, F., Röckmann, T., Holzinger, R., Materic, Dusan, Peacock, M., Dean, J., Futter, M., Maximov, T., Moldan, F., Röckmann, T., and Holzinger, R.

Abstract

There is growing evidence for global environmental pollution caused by plastic particles <1 µm, here referred to as nanoplastics. Nanoplastic concentrations have been below the detection limits of many methods for quite some time, and thus they have passed undetected in complex environmental samples. However, recently using Thermal Desorption – Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry, many common nanosized polymers have been detected in seawater, ice and snow of rural and remote sites. In this work, we focused on the waterbodies of two contrasting sites: remote Siberian Arctic tundra and a forest landscape in southern Sweden. Nanoplastics of four polymer types (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate) were detected in all sampled Swedish lakes and streams (mean 563 µg/L, seven lakes, four streams). The amount of nanoplastic polymers showed a correlation with plastic demand in Europe (R2 = 0.91). In Siberia, two nanoplastic polymers (PVC and polystyrene) were detected in lakes, ponds and surface flooding, and concentrations were lower (mean 51 µg/L, three lakes, five ponds, overland flow from thawing permafrost and flooded tundra). Based on potential source analysis and HYSPLIT modelling of air mass trajectories and particle dispersion, we infer that nanoplastics predominantly arrive at both sites by atmospheric deposition from local and regional sources.

Published
2023

17. Trade-offs and synergies in the design of multifunctional wetlands : A scaling issue

Author

Hambäck, P.A., Dawson, Lucas, Geranmayeh, Pia, Jarsjö, J., Peacock, M., Collentine, D., Destouni, G., Futter, M., Hedman, S., Jonsson, S., Kačergyté, I., Klatt, B.K., Lindström, A., Nilsson, J.E., Pärt, T., Schneider, L., Strand, J., Urrutia Cordero, P., Åhlén, D., Åhlén, I., and Blicharska, Malgorzata

Subjects
Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiversity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the literature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surrounding landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key factors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.

Published
2023

21. Tradeoffs and synergies in wetland multifunctionality: A scaling issue

Author

Hamback, P. A., Dawson, L., Geranmayeh, P., Jarsjo, J., Kacergyte, I., Peacock, M., Collentine, D., Destouni, G., Futter, M., Hugelius, G., Hedman, S., Jonsson, S., Klatt, B. K., Lindstrom, A., Nilsson, Josefin, Part, T., Schneider, L. D., Strand, J. A., Urrutia-Cordero, P., Ahlen, D., ahlen, I., and Blicharska, Malgorzata

Subjects
Wetlandscapes, Ekologi, Ecohydrology, Environmental Engineering, Ecology, Climate mitigation, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Biodiversity conservation, Pollution, Cultural services, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, Ecosystem services, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiver-sity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the liter-ature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surround-ing landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key fac-tors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.

Published
2022

22. Presence of nanoplastics in rural and remote surface waters

Author

Materić, D., Peacock, M., Dean, J., Futter, M., Maximov, T., Moldan, F., Röckmann, T., Holzinger, R., Materić, D., Peacock, M., Dean, J., Futter, M., Maximov, T., Moldan, F., Röckmann, T., and Holzinger, R.

Abstract

It is now established that microplastics are a pervasive presence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The same is assumed to be true for nanoplastics but data are lacking due to technical difficulties associated with sample analysis. Here, we measured nanoplastics in waterbodies at two contrasting sites: remote Siberian Arctic tundra and a forest landscape in southern Sweden. Nanoplastics were detected in all sampled Swedish lakes (n = 7) and streams (n = 4) (mean concentration = 563 µg l−1) and four polymer types were identified (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate). In Siberia nanoplastics were detected in 7/12 sampled lakes, ponds and surface flooding, but only two polymer types were detected (PVC and polystyrene) and concentrations were lower (mean 51 µg l−1). Based on back-calculation of air mass trajectories and particle dispersion, we infer that nanoplastics arrive at both sites by aerial deposition from local and regional sources. Our results suggest that nanoplastics may be a near-ubiquitous presence even in remote ecosystems.

Published
2022

23. Presence of nanoplastics in rural and remote surface waters

Author

Sub Mathematics Education, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Materić, D., Peacock, M., Dean, J., Futter, M., Maximov, T., Moldan, F., Röckmann, T., Holzinger, R., Sub Mathematics Education, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Materić, D., Peacock, M., Dean, J., Futter, M., Maximov, T., Moldan, F., Röckmann, T., and Holzinger, R.

Published
2022

26. Testing the Universality of the Stellar IMF with Chandra and HST

Author

Coulter, D. A, Lehmer, B. D, Eufrasio, R. T, Kundu, A, Maccarone, T, Peacock, M, Hornschemeier, A. E, Basu-Zych, A, Gonzalez, A. H, Maraston, C, and Zepf, S. E

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The stellar initial mass function (IMF), which is often assumed to be universal across unresolved stellar populations, has recently been suggested to be bottom-heavy for massive ellipticals. In these galaxies, the prevalence of gravity-sensitive absorption lines (e.g., Na I and Ca II) in their near-IR spectra implies an excess of low-mass (m < or approx. = 0.5 Stellar Mass) stars over that expected from a canonical IMF observed in low-mass ellipticals. A direct extrapolation of such a bottom-heavy IMF to high stellar masses (m > or approx. = 8 Stellar Mass) would lead to a corresponding deficit of neutron stars and black holes, and therefore of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), per unit near-IR luminosity in these galaxies. Peacock et al. searched for evidence of this trend and found that the observed number of LMXBs per unit K-band luminosity (N/LK) was nearly constant. We extend this work using new and archival Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope observations of seven low-mass ellipticals where N/LK is expected to be the largest and compare these data with a variety of IMF models to test which are consistent with the observed N/LK. We reproduce the result of Peacock et al., strengthening the constraint that the slope of the IMF at m > or approx. = 8 Stellar Mass must be consistent with a Kroupa-like IMF. We construct an IMF model that is a linear combination of a Milky Way-like IMF and a broken power-law IMF, with a steep slope (alpha1 = 3.84) for stars < 0.5 Stellar Mass (as suggested by near-IR indices), and that flattens out (alpha2 = 2.14) for stars > 0.5 Stellar Mass, and discuss its wider ramifications and limitations.

Published
2017
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27. Predictors of Delinquent Behaviors among Latino Youth.

Author

Peacock, M. Jean, McClure, Faith, and Agars, Mark D.

Abstract

Used an ecological framework to examine predictors of delinquent behavior among Hispanic sixth graders. Student surveys assessed proximal and distal contextual factors. Overall, proximal variables such as peer and parental attachment did not contribute significantly to four aspects of delinquent behavior. Contextual factors accounted for a substantial, meaningful amount of variance in each delinquency-related outcome. Exposure to community violence was the most powerful predictor of delinquency outcomes. (SM)

Published
2003

30. Locus Heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Roses, A., Pericak-Vance, M., Alberts, M., Saunders, A., Taylor, H., Gilbert, J., Schwartzbach, C., Peacock, M., Fink, J., Bhasin, R., Goldgaber, D., Christen, Yves, editor, Boller, Francois, editor, Forette, F., editor, Khachaturian, Z. S., editor, and Poncet, Michel, editor

Published
1992
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31. Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Author

Nepogodiev, D., Matthews, J. H., Morley, G. L., Naumann, D. N., Ball, A., Chauhan, P., Bhanderi, S., Mohamed, I., Glasbey, J. C., Wilkin, R. J. W., Drake, T. M., Clements, J., Blencowe, N. S., Herrod, P. J. J., Pata, F., Frasson, M., Blanco-Colino, R., Soares, A. S., Nepogodiev D, Bhangu A., Matthews, Jh, Morley, Gl, Naumann, Dn, Ball, A, Chauhan, P, Bhanderi, S, Mohamed, I, Glasbey, Jc, Wilkin, R, Drake, Tm, Clements, J, Blencowe, Ns, Herrod, P, Pata, F, Frasson, M, Blanco-Colino, R, Soares, As, Bhangu, A, Nepogodiev, D, Jain, S, Amuthalingam, T, Tyler, R, Griffiths, Ea, Pinkney, Td, Gee, O, Morton, Dg, Beggs, A, Beral, D, Bowley, D, Cruickshank, N, Daniels, I, Griffiths, E, Hornby, St, Lund, Jn, Marriott, P, Singh, P, Smart, Nj, Speake, D, Thompson, C, Torkington, J, Torrance, A, Vohra, R, Warren, O, Winter, Dc, Pellino, G, Sgrò, A, Simioni, A, Farina, V, Podda, M, Di Saverio, S, Birindelli, A, Pasquali, S, Itsurg, Surg, Pt, Bolton, W, Bradshaw, Cj, Chean, Cs, Harris, G, Haddow, Jb, Jamieson, Nb, Mccain, S, Mason, J, Milgrom, D, Nana, Gr, Mohamed, Mn, Brien, Jo, Pearce, J, Rabie, M, Sahnan, K, Sarmah, P, Skerritt, C, Ghazanfar, Ma, Sreedharan, L, Kabwama, S, Gray, Rt, Kamande, Iw, Nazarian, S, Dar, Fa, Misky, At, Arunachalam, S, Twum-Barima, Cs, Mohamed, Im, Connor, Kl, Coe, Po, Kosti, A, Elshaer, M, Colvin, Da, Charalambous, Mp, Yeung, K, Merker, L, Morrison, T, Thaventhiran, Aj, Gilbert, Tm, Clements, Jm, Hicks, G, Afshar, S, Mckinley, Nc, Assaf, N, Hanna, T, Macinnes, E, Thavanesan, N, Dubois, As, Palani-Velu, Lk, Tezas, S, Yow, L, Radwan, Rw, Abdelrahman, M, Lee, Ka, Zarka, Za, Mcdowall, Na, Tan, Cy, Venn, Ml, Ashmore, Dl, Whitehorn, Se, Golder, Am, Reddy, A, Delimpalta, C, Kay, Oh, Shah, Sm, Eiben, I, Doyle, C, Tudyka, V, Issa, E, West, H, Brewer, Hk, Farrow, Ez, Taylor, Ns, Smart, Cj, Griffiths, Np, Halkias, C, Vitish-Sharma, P, Knight, Sr, Mowbray, Ng, Olivier, Jb, Lee, Kj, Clement, Kd, Chrastek, D, Panda, N, Connor, Mj, Fahmy, Se, Bryan, Es, Ngu, Ws, Adegbola, So, Vaughan, Em, Stupalkowska, W, Simmonds, L, Malik, A, Hussein, A, Karim, Mj, Singhal, T, Ormiston, R, Kung, V, Rabie, Ma, Park, Jh, Lal, N, Worku, D, D'Auria, M, Ang, A, Orizu, M, Gammeri, E, Clough, E, Choy, Ch, Lawday, S, Hann, Aj, Robinson, D, Wardle, Bg, Mcdonnell, D, Rutherford, Dg, Hickey, Lm, Garg, Ag, Rezvani, S, Bell, Cr, Mahmood, F, Rehman, S, Donaldson, G, Peleki, A, Pearce, L, Sharp, Ol, Singh, S, Thompson, Db, El-Tayar, O, Hollyman, M, Rupasinghe, Sn, Toomey, Db, Murray, Mp, Amtul, N, Mersh, Rj, Newton, Rc, Al-Khyatt, W, Stephens, Gf, Abbas, Sh, Iqbal, Mr, Brown, Ce, Renshaw, S, Hureibi, Ka, Pullabatla-Venkata, Up, Donohoe, No, Myatt, A, Egan, Rj, Rangarajan, K, Trail, M, Mckay, Sc, Engall, N, Jerome, E, Townsend, Dc, Patel, By, Pronin, S, Chandratreya, N, Choong, Jh, Mohamed, Tm, Hudson-Peacock, Nj, Manson, R, Hebbar, K, Mothe, Bs, Weegenaar, Cr, Saad, M, Bowman, Cr, Serventi, F, Fleres, F, Foppa, C, Pata, G, Baronio, G, Pertile, D, Lucchi, A, Sagnotta, A, Maretto, I, Campagnaro, T, Gatti, M, Gjoni, E, Roscio, F, Inama, M, Coccolini, F, Colombo, F, Avanzolini, A, Aresu, S, De-Manzoni-Garberini, A, Merlini, Da, Chessa, A, Tamini, N, Mulas, S, Cillara, N, Coletta, D, Atzeni, J, Erdas, E, Gallo, G, Francone, E, Di Gioia, P, Bianchi, Cl, Ferrara, F, Biancafarina, A, Scabini, S, Marano, L, Miegge, A, Sasia, D, Savino, G, Scatizzi, M, D'Amico, Fe, Arcuri, Ga, Gavagna, L, Salamone, G, Tatulli, F, Goldin, E, Matos, Ml, Caldeira, Ab, Romano, J, Pereira, J, Azevedo, J, Azevedo, Jm, Simoes, J, Silva, A, O'Leary, Dp, Kennedy, Nd, Quinn, Em, Zhang, Ay, Neary, Pm, De-Marchi, Ja, O'Connor, Br, Wijesundera, K, Foley, Nm, Wong, J, Tiedt, La, Bolger, Jc, Connelly, Tm, Ahmed, Os, Vigorita, V, García, V, Arredondo, J, Redondo, E, Sainz, B, Aldrey, I, Landaluce-Olavarria, A, Gómez, Aa, Cordoba, E, Sánchez-Fuentes, Mn, Cerdán-Santacruz, C, Beltran-De-Heredia, J, García, M, Veres, T, García-Novoa, A, Abellán, Am, García-Catalá, L, Ruiz-Marín, M, Menendez, P, Roldán-Ortiz, S, Navas-Cuéllar, Ja, Sabia, D, Gomez-Rosado, Jc, Navidad, Ms, Caula, C, Sanchez, Er, Espin-Basany, E, Fernández-Martínez, D, Bravo-Gutiérrez, Af, Payá-Llorente, C, Dujovne, P, Lima, F, Soria-Aledo, V, Gomez, Cj, Pascual-Miguelañez, I, Muinelo, M, Alvarez, Cm, Vargas-Pierola, Hj, Vallve-Bernal, M, Hidalgo-Rosas, Jm, Arenal-Vera, Jj, Sena-Ruiz, F, Sanchez-Guillen, L, Villarejo-Campos, P, Tallon-Aguilar, L, Garcea, A, Bennett, Jm, Whittaker, L, Gidwani, Al, Byrnes, Ck, Saunders, S, Shiwani, Mh, Ashraf, N, Venkatasubramaniam, Ak, Bevan, Ke, Mcarthur, D, Mustafa, Ak, Griffith, Jp, Blazeby, Jm, Charalabopoulos, A, Campbell, W, Reese, G, Warren, Oj, Peacock, M, Menzies, D, Jenner, D, Eardley, Nj, Yoong, S, Abulafi, M, Avalapati, H, Thompson, R, Nastro, P, Kochupapy, R, Stubbs, Bm, Mcintyre, R, Crozier, J, Patel, Pk, Pento, V, Beasley, Wd, Roxburgh, C, Youssef, H, Alexander, R, Denley, S, Di Franco, F, Quddus, A, Saha, A, Hunter, I, Hannay, J, Velchuru, Vr, Bond-Smith, G, Salama, Y, Bhargava, A, Panagiotopoulos, Sp, Watson, N, Garcea, G, Boddy, Ap, Dunning, Pg, Lloyd, G, Gurjar, Sv, Hill, J, Andrews, B, Singh, A, Ruzvidzo, F, Shingler, G, Mahon, D, Elgaddal, S, Payne, Cj, Shaikh, Ia, Dalmia, S, Nair, Ms, Finch, Jg, Chapple, Ks, Bawa, S, Watfah, J, Carden, Ca, Makhija, R, Rao, M, Sarveswaran, J, Vijay, V, Rekhraj, S, Knight, B, Siddiqui, Mn, Sebastian, Jf, Glen, P, Vakis, S, Ebied, H, Rajaram, R, Gray, J, Mcgrath, D, Faulkner, G, Gopalswamy, S, Varcada, M, Woodward, A, Williams, Gl, Szentpali, K, Ravindran, R, Bronder, C, Thaha, Ma, Rate, A, Shetty, Vd, Rao, V, Sajid, Ms, Clements, B, Patel, Rt, Mason, C, Branagan, G, Maude, K, Kaur, G, Lyons, A, Ainsworth, P, Hagger, R, Zadi, Az, Maslekar, Su, Kinross, J, Irukulla, S, Hawkins, W, Wheatstone, S, Magro, T, Bailey, S, Marshall, G, Mccullough, J, Marangoni, G, Leung, El, Borg, Cm, Gopinath, S, Kirkby-Bott, J, Yalamarthi, S, Mirza, S, Brett, M, Ramcharan, S, Pandey, V, Thava, B, Andreani, Sm, Sahay, Sj, Aravind, B, Downey, M, Nicol, D, Whitehouse, P, Sharma, A, Francis, N, Chitsabesan, P, Stewart, Dj, Norcia, Gg, Cucinotta, E, Cianchi, F, Romario, Uf, Taglietti, L, Capelli, P, Garulli, G, Parisi, A, Nitti, D, Guglielmi, A, Alonzo, A, Scandroglio, Is, Moretto, G, Ansaloni, L, Pietrabissa, A, Foschi, D, Vettoretto, N, Ercolani, G, Coppola, M, Colangelo, E, Morandi, E, Niolu, P, Pala, M, Coletti, M, Pisanu, A, Nicolosi, A, Sammarco, G, Berti, S, Soliani, P, Tonini, V, Stella, M, Ceccarelli, G, De Nisco, C, Castagnoli, G, De Nardi, P, Borghi, F, Agresta, F, Benevento, A, Cantafio, S, Cesari, Mc, Rubbini, M, Chetta, G, De Marchi, F, Nora, Mf, Sousa, Hs, Nascimento, Ca, Casimiro, C, Costa, Sd, Rosa, Mj, Carvalho, N, Correia, J, Gomes, Ap, Hill, Ad, Walsh, Tn, Aremu, Ma, Mulsow, J, El-Masry, S, Gillick, J, Garvin, J, Caldwell, M, Mehigan, B, Peirce, Cb, Cooke, F, Mealy, K, Ruano, A, Ais, G, Fueyo, J, Parajó, Ae, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Jc, Monzón-Abad, Ja, Blanco, F, Arroyo, A, Bazán-Hinojo, Mc, Ramos-Bernado, Mi, Lopez-Ruiz, Ja, Golda, T, Julià, D, Cuadrado, Mm, Gómez-Abril, Sa, Martinez, J, Aguayo, Jl, Millan, M, Alvarez-Gallego, M, Muinelo-Lorenzo, M, Parra, Jm, Muñoz-Muñoz, E, De Chaves-Rodríguez PG, Cánovas-Moreno, G, Rodriguez-Lopez, M, Segura-Sampedro, Jj, García-Granero, A, Redondo-Calvo, Fj, Dyson, S, Thakur, D, Swords, C, Siaw, O, Zelazek, M, Woo, R, Badran, A, Aruparayil, N, Christopoulos, P, Chambers, B, O'Neill, N, Long, Rh, Mccaughey, P, Wong, Ml, Mccain, Rs, Lennox-Warburton, Hc, Moore, C, Manektella, Km, Mcilwaine, S, Rupani, S, Simpson, Dj, Wauchope, J, Ng, M, Christian, L, Crone, A, Sacks, R, Symons, N, Lazzaro, A, Patil, Sd, Roomi, S, Silva, I, Hodgson, Jm, Ly, C, Froud, H, Patel, H, Cay, P, Karwal, Rs, Danquah-Boateng, D, Berry, B, Esmail, Hd, Maripi, H, Bilku, D, Mckelvie, Ma, Miller, K, Maina, A, Velho, R, Hasan, R, Clingan, R, Jah, S, Waite, K, Jones, A, Buckley-Jones, S, Lecky-Thompson, L, Saghir, N, Mansoor, S, Mistry, D, Brown, R, Wong, A, Gurung, S, Wensley, F, Fleming, Ta, Griggs, R, Haines, S, Bedoya, S, Beverstock, A, Johnson, J, Govind, G, Niaz, O, Dyal, A, Tokidis, E, Punj, S, Leusink, A, Rudland, I, Kelly, M, Morgan, R, Al-Musawi, S, Lek, C, Gilbert, A, Gosal, A, Mahoney, R, Parwaiz, I, Mitchard, Mj, Ribeiro, B, Merai, H, Dean, Ea, Khan, S, Baginski, A, Mann, C, Foers, W, Jones, L, Woodward, B, Mcwhirter, Dm, Thomas, At, Gilbert, Tg, Weatherburn, Lw, Pilkington, Jp, Cameron, Fc, Clements, Jd, Mccann, C, Davidson, S, Hackney, L, Clements, Js, Martin, A, Du, Dt, Shakoor, Z, Yen, Sk, Adnan, M, Ranathunga, S, Sana, S, Tay, Yh, Chin, My, Gillespie, M, Brown, Ag, Campbell, U, Chatzikonstantinou, M, Mahendran, B, Flack, T, Chowdhary, M, Lim, Jm, Whiteman, E, Shepherd, Ja, Pedder, A, Siggens, Kl, Lai, Cw, Morrison-Jones, V, Hayat, Z, Nehikhare, I, Macleod, C, Quinn, Hc, Brown, A, Neagle, G, Chok, Sm, Carrano, Fm, Abbassi, Oa, Divekar, Ga, Halmer, S, Adams, Re, Davies, Pl, Wong, Sy, Amarasinghe, R, Tague, Le, Jones, E, Singh, J, Boza, K, Kelly, Sd, Morrison, F, Chan, Wh, Wilson, Ej, Awokoya, Oo, Griffiths, Sn, Kirkham, En, Cotton, Ae, Adimonye, A, Leighton, Pa, Abdelrahman, A, Cartwright, H, Gates, Z, Miguras, M, Khan, K, Louw, C, Grove, T, Badenoch, T, Mckeon, J, Wood, Cs, Leitch, Rp, Sgardelis, P, Perera, Mi, Nagarajan, D, Malam, Y, Theodoropoulou, K, Rajagopal, S, Kaptanis, S, Popova, D, Olagbaiye, O, Tayeh, S, Rigby, S, Harris, Mp, Ren, Kz, Liaw, G, Zhou, S, White, F, Marshall, Cm, Mitchell, Jh, Anderson, Dj, Kanakala, V, Hollingsworth, A, Paramasevon, Kr, Milward, J, Ahmed, S, Fanibi, Bf, Ferguson, N, Dickson, Ea, Shaw, Av, Dixon, F, Morrish, S, Dandy, R, Fooks, P, Sharma, P, Islam, N, Tabain, V, Keegan, R, Ahel, J, Alhammali, T, Graveston, J, Balai, Ej, Rothnie, K, Pankin, Gp, Eiben, Ie, Jackson, Nj, Dhar, M, Nash, D, Dharamavaram, S, Seth, M, Chowdhury, F, Rezacova, M, Seneviratne, N, Turner, Ej, Currow, C, Isherwood, Jd, Hobson, Bm, Lui, Dh, Rodger, V, Ting, N, Photiou, D, Taze, D, Lodhia, S, Earnshaw, L, Kumar, K, Neale, A, Bastianpillai, J, Cipparrone, M, Barrie, A, Nash, Z, Anandan, L, Tailor, K, Vinnicombe, Z, Krivan, S, Kuo, R, Giorga, A, Habib, H, Malik, K, Bogdan, M, Mahon-Daly, Fp, Athersmith, Mj, Strange, Ja, Wheeler, C, Summerfield, L, Khaw, Ra, Ashour, O, Iosif, E, Fadel, M, Gopalakrishnan, K, Orme, N, Williams, S, Rashid, M, Sultana, A, Patel, N, Pearson, R, Yasin, T, Bevan, V, Al-Sarireh, B, Brown, M, Mohd, N, Howie, Ee, Poudevigne, M, Paget, C, Rallage, H, Chui, K, Fawzi, F, Layman, S, Okorocha, E, Jama, Gm, Orawiec, P, Kouli, O, Hassane, A, Kilkenny, J, Devine, Aa, Laurenson, M, Slezak, I, Barker, T, Lau, E, Limbada, M, O'Brien, J, Weaver, J, Hajibandeh, S, Shah, J, Mansour, Mm, Malik, Sn, Davis, S, Trew, F, Bandyopadhyay, Sk, Dart, K, Guru-Naidu, S, Callan, R, Nair, Mk, Alani, M, Sezen, E, Salim, S, Shurlock, J, Siddique, K, Forouzanfar, A, Brews, R, Acharya, A, Jain, A, Tozer, Pj, Warusavitarne, J, Emslie, Km, Collier-Wakefield, O, Sivaloganathan, P, Dobson, C, Elseedawy, M, Mcnally, L, Williams, M, Motiwala, Fh, Choi, S, Asmadi, Aa, Burnside, D, Everden, A, Suriyakumar, S, Sandu, L, Kent, Da, Bowen, J, Long, P, Khair, A, Shah, K, Phelan, L, Pierre, R, Dhari, Aa, Hoff, M, Nickson, S, Setshwaelo, T, Chalk, A, Parkola, Mj, Harlinska, A, Chan, T, Dudek, Jg, Rolph, R, Allen, M, Pollard, H, Gormely, R, Finlayson, H, Ljungqvist, G, Peponis, C, Rahman, M, Dhesi, S, Arshad, F, Faris, Ar, Sooriyamoorthy, T, Springate, El, Barnieh, W, Patel, As, Siddiqui, Za, Chishti, Ia, Ayube-Brown, J, Rabie, Mr, Blake, L, Yardimci, E, Nagendram, S, Neophytou, Gi, Henderson, L, Farhan-Alanie, M, Kong, Cy, Ghazala, R, Evans, J, Hussain, N, Kabir, M, Hraishawi, I, Cox, M, Bailey, Ja, Muhibullah, N, Yanni, F, Stevenson, R, Nair, A, Murphy, C, Mcgucken, O, Pandya, R, Bowerman, H, Lafaurie, G, Van Boxel GI, Shanmugarajah, K, Maragouthakis, D, Hanif, Z, Evans, Jd, Yoganathan, S, Richardson, Td, Cook, V, Clark, Gl, Rigney, B, O'Neill, E, Guliani, J, Chan, D, Harper, F, Sian, T, Boereboom, C, Blackwell, J, Hardy, E, Boyd-Carson, H, Couch, Dg, Barter, Ca, Thoukididou, Sn, Hatt, Jr, Jones, Cs, Dean, S, Rajaretnam, N, Masood, M, Thakral, N, Griffith, D, Doherty, C, Longshaw, A, Peprah, D, Mathew, G, Hook, A, Vance-Daniel, J, Ibrahim, Y, Walters, Kj, Whewell, He, Sherif, Ma, Mckenna, M, O'Sullivan, D, Woodrow, C, Gill, S, Johnstone, A, Gentry, R, Irwin, R, Forgie, A, Welsh, S, Ivey, P, Bullivant, Jk, English, Wj, Osterberg, A, Morowala, A, Al-Faham, Z, Islam, S, Tan, E, Sadek, S, Sihra, N, Shrestha, D, Chong, B, Nadeem, A, Fasuyi, Ja, Patel, Mm, Daureeawoo, R, Okekunle, B, Cheruvu, M, Mazumdar, E, Hussain, A, Patel, C, Mcquaid, M, Banks, A, Robinson, A, Khan, Ms, Riaz, W, Verroiotou, M, Cohen, Ja, Kouroumpas, E, Ghaffari, I, Moradzadeh, J, Kamal, M, Gulamhussein, M, Gaines, E, Ghatorae, S, Clark, S, Savill, A, Hutchinson, B, Chapman, J, Wu, F, Creasy, W, Raymond, M, Grosvenor, S, Odeh, A, Malik, Y, Bansal, H, Grant, C, Raofi, A, Ahmed, B, Mai, D, Souter, J, Hamelmann, Rn, Ikram, S, Durbacz, M, Gilliland, N, Salem, A, Chudek, D, Ladwa, N, Storey, R, Fontaine, C, Toomey, D, Miller, B, Oakey, M, Smoker, H, Chapman, Sj, O'Hagan, Sc, Tahir, W, Wilcox, G, Ahmad, A, Akram, F, Baddams, Ts, Boshier, Pr, Fehervari, M, Easdon, S, Ilozue, T, Adam, Me, Jokhan, S, Foster, A, Nambiar, K, Bohra, P, Janardanan, S, Shanmuganathan, V, Maqboul, F, Ettles, C, Wardle, Sd, Martinou, E, Khasria, A, Bagga, R, Motter, D, Mundkur, N, Pan, Y, Akbari, K, Farrell, Sm, Rahim, A, Gummaraju, A, Mahmoud, A, Akinsola, O, Smallcombe, N, Tarazi, M, Hanley, C, Campbell, Um, Franklin, D, Davidson, Jr, Raza, Ss, Krishnamoorthy, A, Rajjoub, Y, Ali, M, Seddon, Tc, Payne, Re, Das, A, Martin, Lm, Naismith, Kn, Venkata, Up, Manda, Vm, Burns, Km, Huang, J, Samuel, M, Docherty, Ja, Cheah, Wl, Ooi, R, Nyeko-Lacek, M, Marsh, L, Prideaux, A, Li, Ch, Poacher, A, Lee, M, Muzaffar, M, Kara, A, Walsh, E, Sunter, H, Roth, N, Roy, C, Mcmorran, D, Turnbull, A, Layton, Gr, Archer, Je, Yang, P, Douka, E, Amin, V, Borghol, K, Blackford, Od, Bond, S, Baker, B, Mohamed, Wo, Williams, R, Garnham, J, Robb, Hd, Allington, J, Cloney, L, Tamborska, A, Kalia, K, Fung, E, Johnston, Z, Lynch, L, Christides, A, Tan, Hl, Cynthia, G, Tsang, B, Rossi, C, Kaubrys, M, Al-Khafaji, N, Jenkins, M, Peiris, Gb, Gunning, S, Nimako, E, Pandya, D, Hever, P, Amayo, A, Bull, C, Clements, C, Al-Sheikh, M, Savioli, F, Long, M, Horsfield, E, Robertson, C, Ogboru, S, Mcilwrath, Ac, Bell, J, Limb, C, Obeid, N, Rich, Je, Balasubramaniam, A, Mashar, R, Taylor, M, Bruce, Js, Dennison, G, Curtis, Nj, Ezerska, E, Ellis, B, Wiggill, S, Tee, A, Ng, S, Carder, C, Abdelwahed, A, Chandler, Sb, Tinsley, Bj, Finotti, E, Occhioni, G, Cossu, F, Vulcano, I, Viscosi, F, Michelini, M, Compagnoni, B, Sepe, C, Isolani, Sm, Regina, G, Alagna, V, Martorelli, G, Gabbianelli, C, Moroni, P, Zuin, M, Conci, S, Lazzari, G, Costamagna, D, Zurleni, Tz, Altomare, Ma, Desiderio, J, Di Cintio, A, Gemini, A, Trastulli, S, Viviani, E, Tomasoni, M, Montori, G, Harder, G, Argenti, F, Malabarba, S, Checcacci, P, Montanelli, P, Guerra, F, Skalamera, I, Staderini, F, Grandi, S, Nelli, T, Coratti, F, Sorrentino, L, Maffioli, A, Cavallo, D, Bondurri, A, Groppo, G, Curti, R, Solaini, L, Xidas, A, Manias, T, Delogu, D, Vacca, A, Solinas, L, Corbellini, C, Fiore, L, Nigro, A, Santurro, L, Angrisani, M, Sparta, C, Lorettu, A, Mura, Fa, Ruggiu, Gv, Pirari, Pf, Pau, R, Melis, M, Piu, F, Patti, S, Deserra, A, Angelieri, D, Del Basso, C, Rossi, D, Iannone, I, De Padua, C, Giubilo, C, Falaschi, F, Cirillo, B, Gordini, L, Podda, F, Sanna, S, Saba, A, Poillucci, G, Pinna, E, Messina, A, Sena, G, Cardona, R, De Luca, E, Sacco, R, Vescio, G, Ammendola, M, Romano, R, Bianco, A, Bonfante, P, D'Ambra, L, Feleppa, C, Gennai, A, Lizzi, V, Moggia, E, Imperatore, M, Bolzon, S, Belvedere, A, Amaducci, E, Ripoli, Mc, Segalini, E, Cervellera, M, Vaccari, S, Eretta, Co, O'Neill, R, Llewelyn, O, Jones, N, Clerici, F, Ballabio, M, Andolfi, E, Angelini, M, Fontani, A, Miranda, E, Scricciolo, M, Provenza, G, Pellicanò, Ga, Pulighe, F, Argenio, G, Melis, A, Balestra, F, Anania, M, Cruccu, A, Massaiu, C, Murru, Ml, Martino, A, Luzzi, Ap, La Valle, G, Chillitupa, Cz, Bartoli, A, Conti, D, Spaziani, A, Bellochi, R, Listorti, C, 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Peixoto R., Alshafei A., Simo V., Jose H.S., Ugarte-Sierra B., Salva A.B., Gomez N., Marinello F., Medina-Arana V., Vega L., Ballester M.M., Espina B., Prieto-Nieto M.I., Rodriguez E.C., Padilla-Valverde D., and Duran-Munoz-Cruzado V.M.

Subjects
Adult, humanos, Decision Making, Risk Assessment, NO, apendicectomía, apendicitis, evaluación de riesgos, Appendectomy, Humans, hospital, General, collaborative, LS7_4, right iliac fossa, appendicitis, emergency service, Original Articles, adulto, Appendicitis, adult, appendectomy, humans, risk assessment, decision making, Lower GI, Original Article, appendicitis, prediction models, right iliac fossa pain, Emergency Service, Hospital, toma de decisión
Abstract

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P, Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making were identified by identifying UK adults at low risk of appendicitis. An online calculator is available (http://appy-risk.org). WCC, white cell count; CRP, C‐reactive protein; AIRS, Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score; AAS, Adult Appendicitis Score. Important differences between men and women

Published
2019

32. Small artificial waterbodies are widespread and persistent emitters of methane and carbon dioxide

Author

Peacock, M., Audet, J., Bastviken, D., Cook, S., Evans, C. D., Grinham, A., Holgerson, M. A., Pickard, A. E., Zieli?ski, P., and Futter, M. N.

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Inland waters play an active role in the global carbon cycle and emit large volumes of the greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A considerable body of research has improved emissions estimates from lakes, reservoirs and rivers but recent attention has been drawn to the importance of small, artificial waterbodies as poorly quantified but potentially important emission hotspots. Of particular interest are emissions from drainage ditches and constructed ponds. These waterbody types are prevalent in many landscapes and their cumulative surface areas can be substantial. Furthermore, GHG emissions from constructed waterbodies are anthropogenic in origin and form part of national emissions reporting, whereas emissions from natural waterbodies do not (according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines). Here, we present GHG data from two complementary studies covering a range of land uses. In the first, we measured emissions from nine ponds and seven ditches over a full year. Annual emissions varied considerably: 0.1–44.3 g CH4 m−2 year−1 and −36–4421 g CO2 m−2 year−1. In the second, we measured GHG concentrations in 96 ponds and 64 ditches across seven countries, covering subtropical, temperate and sub-arctic biomes. When CH4 emissions were converted to CO2 equivalents, 93% of waterbodies were GHG sources. In both studies, GHGs were positively related to nutrient status (C, N, P), and pond GHG concentrations were highest in smallest waterbodies. Ditch and pond emissions were larger per unit area when compared to equivalent natural systems (streams, natural ponds). We show that GHG emissions from natural systems should not be used as proxies for those from artificial waterbodies, and that artificial waterbodies have the potential to make a substantial but largely unquantified contribution to emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use sector, and the global carbon cycle.

Published
2021

33. Negotiating identities of 'responsible drinking': exploring accounts of alcohol consumption of working mothers in their early parenting period

Author

Vicario, S., Peacock, M., Buykx, P., Meier, P.S., and Bissell, P.

Abstract

Mothers’ alcohol consumption has often been portrayed as problematic: firstly, because of the effects of alcohol on the foetus, and secondly, because of the association between motherhood and morality. Refracted through the disciplinary lens of public health, mothers’ alcohol consumption has been the target of numerous messages and discourses designed to monitor and regulate women's bodies and reproductive health. This study explores how mothers negotiated this dilemmatic terrain, drawing on accounts of drinking practices of women in paid work in the early parenting period living in Northern England in 2017–2018. Almost all of the participants reported alcohol abstention during pregnancy and the postpartum period and referred to low-risk drinking practices. A feature of their accounts was appearing knowledgeable and familiar with public health messages, with participants often deploying ‘othering’, and linguistic expressions seen in public health advice. Here, we conceptualise these as Assumed Shared Alcohol Narratives (ASANs). ASANs, we argue, allowed participants to present themselves as morally legitimate parents and drinkers, with a strong awareness of risk discourses which protected the self from potential attacks of irresponsible behaviour. As such, these narratives can be viewed as neoliberal narratives, contributing to the shaping of highly responsible and self-regulating subjectivities.

Published
2021

34. Presence of nanoplastics in rural and remote surface waters

Author

Materić, D., Peacock, M., Dean, J., Futter, M., Maximov, T., Moldan, F., Röckmann, T., Holzinger, R., Sub Mathematics Education, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Mathematics Education, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
TD-PTR-MS, Surface (mathematics), microplastics, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Earth science, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507), Environmental science, PTR-MS, nanoplastics, General Environmental Science
Abstract

It is now established that microplastics are a pervasive presence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The same is assumed to be true for nanoplastics but data are lacking due to technical difficulties associated with sample analysis. Here, we measured nanoplastics in waterbodies at two contrasting sites: remote Siberian Arctic tundra and a forest landscape in southern Sweden. Nanoplastics were detected in all sampled Swedish lakes (n = 7) and streams (n = 4) (mean concentration = 563 µg l−1) and four polymer types were identified (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate). In Siberia nanoplastics were detected in 7/12 sampled lakes, ponds and surface flooding, but only two polymer types were detected (PVC and polystyrene) and concentrations were lower (mean 51 µg l−1). Based on back-calculation of air mass trajectories and particle dispersion, we infer that nanoplastics arrive at both sites by aerial deposition from local and regional sources. Our results suggest that nanoplastics may be a near-ubiquitous presence even in remote ecosystems.

Published
2021

43. Global importance of methane emissions from drainage ditches and canals

Author

Peacock, M., Audet, J., Bastviken, D., Futter, M.N., Gauci, V., Grinham, A., Harrison, J.A., Kent, M.S., Lovelock, C.E., Veraart, A.J., Peacock, M., Audet, J., Bastviken, D., Futter, M.N., Gauci, V., Grinham, A., Harrison, J.A., Kent, M.S., Lovelock, C.E., and Veraart, A.J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 240371.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

44. Overriding water table control on managed peatland greenhouse gas emissions

Author

Evans, C.D., Peacock, M., Baird, A.J., Artz, R.R.E., Burden, A., Callaghan, N., Chapman, P.J., Cooper, H.M., Coyle, M., Craig, E., Cumming, A., Dixon, S., Gauci, V., Grayson, R.P., Helfter, C., Heppell, C.M., Holden, J., Jones, D.L., Kaduk, J., Levy, P., Matthews, R., McNamara, N.P., Misselbrook, T., Oakley, S., Page, S., Rayment, M., Ridley, L.M., Stanley, K.M., Williamson, J.L., Worrall, F., Morrison, R., Evans, C.D., Peacock, M., Baird, A.J., Artz, R.R.E., Burden, A., Callaghan, N., Chapman, P.J., Cooper, H.M., Coyle, M., Craig, E., Cumming, A., Dixon, S., Gauci, V., Grayson, R.P., Helfter, C., Heppell, C.M., Holden, J., Jones, D.L., Kaduk, J., Levy, P., Matthews, R., McNamara, N.P., Misselbrook, T., Oakley, S., Page, S., Rayment, M., Ridley, L.M., Stanley, K.M., Williamson, J.L., Worrall, F., and Morrison, R.

Abstract

Global peatlands store more carbon than is naturally present in the atmosphere1,2. However, many peatlands are under pressure from drainage-based agriculture, plantation development and fire, with the equivalent of around 3% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases emitted from drained peatland3–5. Efforts to curb such emissions are intensifying through the conservation of undrained peatlands and rewetting of drained systems6. Here we report CO2 eddy covariance data from 16 locations and CH4 data from 41 locations in the British Isles, and combine them with published data from sites across all major peatland biomes. We find that the mean annual effective water-table depth (WTDe; that is, the average depth of the aerated peat layer) overrides all other ecosystem- and management-related controls on greenhouse gas fluxes. We estimate that every 10 cm of reduction in WTDe could reduce the net warming impact of CO2 and CH4 emissions (100-year Global Warming Potentials) by at least 3 t CO2e ha-1 yr-1, until WTDe is < 30 cm. Raising water levels further would continue to have a net cooling effect until WTDe is < 10 cm. Our results suggest that greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands drained for agriculture could be greatly reduced without necessarily halting their productive use. Halving WTDe in all drained agricultural peatlands, for example, could reduce emissions by the equivalent of over 1% of global anthropogenic emissions.

Published
2021

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