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3. Chemistry of diagenetic features analyzed by ChemCam at Pahrump Hills, Gale crater, Mars

Author

Nachon, M., Mangold, N., Forni, O., Kah, L.C., Cousin, A., Wiens, R.C., Anderson, R., Blaney, D., Blank, J.G., Calef, F., Clegg, S.M., Fabre, C., Fisk, M.R., Gasnault, O., Grotzinger, J.P., Kronyak, R., Lanza, N.L., Lasue, J., Deit, L. Le, Mouélic, S. Le, Maurice, S., Meslin, P.-Y., Oehler, D.Z., Payré, V., Rapin, W., Schröder, S., Stack, K., and Sumner, D.

Published
2017
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6. Early crustal processes revealed by the ejection site of the oldest martian meteorite

Author

Lagain, Anthony, Bouley, S., Zanda, B., Miljković, Katarina, Rajšić, Andrea, Baratoux, D., Payré, V., Doucet, Luc, Timms, Nick, Hewins, R., Benedix, Gretchen, Malarewic, V., Servis, Konstantinos, Bland, Phil, Lagain, Anthony, Bouley, S., Zanda, B., Miljković, Katarina, Rajšić, Andrea, Baratoux, D., Payré, V., Doucet, Luc, Timms, Nick, Hewins, R., Benedix, Gretchen, Malarewic, V., Servis, Konstantinos, and Bland, Phil

Abstract

The formation and differentiation of the crust of Mars in the first tens of millions of years after its accretion can only be deciphered from incredibly limited records. The martian breccia NWA 7034 and its paired stones is one of them. This meteorite contains the oldest martian igneous material ever dated: ~4.5 Ga old. However, its source and geological context have so far remained unknown. Here, we show that the meteorite was ejected 5–10 Ma ago from the north-east of the Terra Cimmeria—Sirenum province, in the southern hemisphere of Mars. More specifically, the breccia belongs to the ejecta deposits of the Khujirt crater formed 1.5 Ga ago, and it was ejected as a result of the formation of the Karratha crater 5–10 Ma ago. Our findings demonstrate that the Terra Cimmeria—Sirenum province is a relic of the differentiated primordial martian crust, formed shortly after the accretion of the planet, and that it constitutes a unique record of early crustal processes. This province is an ideal landing site for future missions aiming to unravel the first tens of millions of years of the history of Mars and, by extension, of all terrestrial planets, including the Earth.

Published
2022

7. The Chemostratigraphy of the Murray Formation and Role of Diagenesis at Vera Rubin Ridge in Gale Crater, Mars, as Observed by the ChemCam Instrument

Author

Frydenvang, J., Mangold, N., Wiens, R. C., Fraeman, A. A., Edgar, L. A., Fedo, C. M., L'Haridon, J., Bedford, C. C., Gupta, Sanjeev, Grotzinger, J. P., Bridges, J. C., Clark, B. C., Rampe, E. B., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Gasda, P. J., Lanza, N. L., Olilla, A. M., Meslin, P. Y., Payré, V., Calef, F., Salvatore, Mark, House, C. H., Frydenvang, J., Mangold, N., Wiens, R. C., Fraeman, A. A., Edgar, L. A., Fedo, C. M., L'Haridon, J., Bedford, C. C., Gupta, Sanjeev, Grotzinger, J. P., Bridges, J. C., Clark, B. C., Rampe, E. B., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Gasda, P. J., Lanza, N. L., Olilla, A. M., Meslin, P. Y., Payré, V., Calef, F., Salvatore, Mark, and House, C. H.

Abstract

Geochemical results are presented from Curiosity's exploration of Vera Rubin ridge (VRR), in addition to the full chemostratigraphy of the predominantly lacustrine mudstone Murray formation up to and including VRR. VRR is a prominent ridge flanking Aeolis Mons (informally Mt. Sharp), the central mound in Gale crater, Mars, and was a key area of interest for the Mars Science Laboratory mission. ChemCam data show that VRR is overall geochemically similar to lower-lying members of the Murray formation, even though the top of VRR shows a strong hematite spectral signature as observed from orbit. Although overall geochemically similar, VRR is characterized by a prominent decrease in Li abundance and Chemical Index of Alteration across the ridge. This decrease follows the morphology of the ridge rather than elevation and is inferred to reflect a nondepositionally controlled decrease in clay mineral abundance in VRR rocks. Additionally, a notable enrichment in Mn above baseline levels is observed on VRR. While not supporting a single model, the results suggest that VRR rocks were likely affected by multiple episodes of postdepositional groundwater interactions that made them more erosionally resistant than surrounding Murray rocks, thus resulting in the modern-day ridge after subsequent erosion.

Published
2020

8. Critical knowledge gaps in the Martian geological record: A rationale for regional-scale in situ exploration by rotorcraft mid-air deployment

Author

Rapin, William, primary, Fraeman, A., additional, Ehlmann, B. L., additional, Mittelholz, A., additional, Langlais, B., additional, Lillis, R., additional, Sautter, V., additional, Baratoux, D., additional, Payré, V., additional, Udry, A., additional, Horgan, B., additional, Flahaut, J., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Quantin-Nataf, C., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Keane, J. T., additional, and Bapst, J., additional

Published
2021
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9. The Chemostratigraphy of the Murray Formation and Role of Diagenesis at Vera Rubin Ridge in Gale Crater, Mars, as Observed by the ChemCam Instrument

Author

Frydenvang, J., primary, Mangold, N., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Fraeman, A. A., additional, Edgar, L. A., additional, Fedo, C. M., additional, L'Haridon, J., additional, Bedford, C. C., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Grotzinger, J. P., additional, Bridges, J. C., additional, Clark, B. C., additional, Rampe, E. B., additional, Gasnault, O., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Gasda, P. J., additional, Lanza, N. L., additional, Olilla, A. M., additional, Meslin, P.‐Y., additional, Payré, V., additional, Calef, F., additional, Salvatore, M., additional, and House, C. H., additional

Published
2020
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11. Classification of 59 Igneous Rocks Analyzed by ChemCam at Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Cousin, A., Sautter, V., Payré, V., Forni, O., Mangold, N., Gasnault, O., Le Deit, L., Meslin, P. Y., Johnson, J., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., William Rapin, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology
Abstract

International audience; Chemistry, mineralogy, texture, and petrology of the 59 igneous rocks analyzed by ChemCam (MSL), and comparison with igneous rocks observed by the Mars Exploration Rovers as well as with the Mars meteorites.

Published
2019

12. Detection of Copper in Gale Crater, Mars by the Chemcam Instrument Onboard the Curiosity Rover

Author

Goetz, W., Payré, V., Wiens, R. C., Clegg, S. M., Gasnault, O., Newsom, H., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Maurice, S., Frydenvang, J., Clark, B., Gellert, R., Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), and The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology
Abstract

International audience; We estimate the distribution of Cu in Gale crater. This is part of an extended project to estimate Cu abundance in the martian crust and constrain Cu minerals.

Published
2019

13. Distribution and Analysis of Calcium Sulfate-Cemented Sandstones Along the MSL Traverse, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Nellessen, M. A., Baker, A. M., Newsom, H. E., Jackson, R. S., William Rapin, Nachon, M., Rivera-Hernandez, F., Wiens, R. C., Gasda, P., Lanza, N., Ollila, A., Clegg, S., Frydenvang, J., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Y Meslin, P., Cousin, A., Rapin, W., Lasue, J., Forni, O., Haridon, J. L., Blaney, D., Payré, V., Mangold, N., Ledeit, L., Anderson, R., Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology
Abstract

International audience; Detection and distribution of calcium-sulfate cements found in Gale Crater bedrock by MSL Curiosity by ChemCam and their implications for martian history.

Published
2019

14. Desiccation cracks provide evidence of lake drying on Mars, Sutton Island member, Murray formation, Gale Crater

Author

Stein, Nathan, Grotzinger, J.P., Schieber, Juergen, Mangold, Nicolas, Hallet, B., Newsom, Horton E., Stack, K.M., Berger, J.A., Thompson, L., Siebach, K.l., Cousin, Agnes, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Minitti, M., Sumner, D.Y., Fedo, C., House, C.H., Gupta, S., Vasavada, A.R., Gellert, Ralf, Wiens, R.C., Frydenvang, Jens, Forni, Olivier, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Payré, V., Dehouck, E., Stein, Nathan, Grotzinger, J.P., Schieber, Juergen, Mangold, Nicolas, Hallet, B., Newsom, Horton E., Stack, K.M., Berger, J.A., Thompson, L., Siebach, K.l., Cousin, Agnes, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Minitti, M., Sumner, D.Y., Fedo, C., House, C.H., Gupta, S., Vasavada, A.R., Gellert, Ralf, Wiens, R.C., Frydenvang, Jens, Forni, Olivier, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Payré, V., and Dehouck, E.

Published
2018

15. Geochemistry of the Bagnold dune field as observed by ChemCam and comparison with other aeolian deposits at Gale crater

Author

Cousin, Agnes, Dehouck, Erwin, Meslin, P.-Y., Forni, O., Williams, A., Stein, Nathan, Gasnault, O., Bridges, N., Ehlmann, Bethany, Schröder, Susanne, Payré, V., Rapin, W., Pinet, P., Sautter, V., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences [Towson], Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
LIBS, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, dunes, ChemCam, Mars, soils, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The Curiosity rover conducted the first field investigation of an active extraterrestrial dune. This study of the Bagnold dunes focuses on the ChemCam chemical results and also presents findings on the grain size distributions based on the ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager and Mars Hand Lens Imager images. These active dunes are composed of grains that are mostly 150 μm grain-size dump piles have shown that coarser grains (150–250 μm) are enriched in the mafic elements Fe and Mn, suggesting a larger content in olivine compared to smaller grains (

Published
2017
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16. Diagenetic silica enrichment and late-stage groundwater activity in Gale crater, Mars: Silica Enriching Diagenesis, Gale, Mars

Author

Frydenvang, J., Gasda, P. J., Hurowitz, J. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Wiens, R. C., Newsom, H. E., Edgett, K. S., Watkins, J., Bridges, J. C., Maurice, S., Fisk, M. R., Johnson, J. R., Rapin, W., Stein, N. T., Clegg, S. M., Schwenzer, S. P., Bedford, C. C., Edwards, P., Mangold, N., Cousin, A., Anderson, R. B., Payré, V., Vaniman, D., Blake, D. F., Lanza, N. L., Gupta, S., Van Beek, J., Sautter, V., Meslin, P.-Y., Rice, M., Milliken, R., Gellert, R., Thompson, L., Clark, B. C., Sumner, D. Y., Fraeman, A. A., Kinch, K. M., Madsen, M. B., Mitrofanov, I. G., Jun, I., Calef, F., and Vasavada, A. R.

Abstract

Diagenetic silica enrichment in fracture‐associated halos that crosscut lacustrine and unconformably overlying aeolian sedimentary bedrock is observed on the lower north slope of Aeolis Mons in Gale crater, Mars. The diagenetic silica enrichment is colocated with detrital silica enrichment observed in the lacustrine bedrock yet extends into a considerably younger, unconformably draping aeolian sandstone, implying that diagenetic silica enrichment postdates the detrital silica enrichment. A causal connection between the detrital and diagenetic silica enrichment implies that water was present in the subsurface of Gale crater long after deposition of the lacustrine sediments and that it mobilized detrital amorphous silica and precipitated it along fractures in the overlying bedrock. Although absolute timing is uncertain, the observed diagenesis likely represents some of the most recent groundwater activity in Gale crater and suggests that the timescale of potential habitability extended considerably beyond the time that the lacustrine sediments of Aeolis Mons were deposited.

Published
2017

17. Alkali trace elements in Gale crater, Mars, with ChemCam: Calibration update and geological implications

Author

Payré, V., Fabre, C., Cousin, A., Sautter, V., Wiens, R., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Mangold, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Lasue, J., Ollila, A., Rapin, W., Maurice, S., Nachon, M., Le Deit, L., Lanza, N., Clegg, S., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017
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20. Desiccation cracks provide evidence of lake drying on Mars, Sutton Island member, Murray formation, Gale Crater

Author

Stein, N., primary, Grotzinger, J.P., additional, Schieber, J., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Hallet, B., additional, Newsom, H., additional, Stack, K.M., additional, Berger, J.A., additional, Thompson, L., additional, Siebach, K.L., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Minitti, M., additional, Sumner, D.Y., additional, Fedo, C., additional, House, C.H., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Vasavada, A.R., additional, Gellert, R., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Frydenvang, J., additional, Forni, O., additional, Meslin, P. Y., additional, Payré, V., additional, and Dehouck, E., additional

Published
2018
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21. The materials at an unconformity between the Murray and Stimson formations at Marias Pass, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Newsom, H., Ines Belgacem, Jackson, R., Ha, B., Vaci, Z., Wiens, R., Frydenvang, J., Gasda, P., Lanza, N., Clegg, S., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Cousin, A., Rapin, W., Forni, O., Banham, S., Gupta, S., William Rapin, Grotzinger, J. P., Blaney, D., Schroeder, J., Calef, F., Francis, R., Ehlmann, B., Yen, A., Stein, N., Watkins, J., Rubin, D., Bridges, N., Johnson, J., Lewis, K., Payré, V., Mangold, N., Edgett, K., Fey, D., Fisk, M., Gellert, R., Thompson, L., Schmidt, M., Perrett, G., Kah, L., Kronyak, R., Ryan Anderson, Herkenhoff, K., John Bridges, Hurowitz, J., Schieber, J., Heydari, E., The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alliant International University, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Génétique et évolution des populations végétales (GEPV), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), IMEC (IMEC), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Brock University [Canada], Cornell University [New York], University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI), Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, Jackson State University (JSU), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Pennsylvania, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

22. The potassic sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, as seen by ChemCam on boardCuriosity

Author

Le Deit, L., Mangold, N., Forni, O., Cousin, A., Lasue, J., Schröder, S., Wiens, R. C., Sumner, D., Fabre, C., Stack, K. M., Anderson, R. B., Blaney, D., Clegg, S., Dromart, G., Fisk, M., Gasnault, O., Grotzinger, J. P., Gupta, S., Lanza, N., Le Mouélic, S., Maurice, S., McLennan, S. M., Meslin, P.-Y., Nachon, M., Newsom, H., Payré, V., Rapin, W., Rice, M., Sautter, V., and Treiman, A. H.

Subjects
Mars, Special Section: The Mars Science Laboratory Rover Mission (Curiosity) at The Kimberley, Gale Crater
Published
2016

23. Observation of >5 wt % zinc at the Kimberley outcrop, Gale crater, Mars

Author

Lasue, J., Clegg, S. M., Forni, O., Cousin, A., Wiens, R. C., Lanza, N., Mangold, N., Le Deit, L., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Berger, Arjan, Stack, K., Blaney, D., Fabre, Cécile, Goetz, W., Johnson, J., Le Mouélic, S., Nachon, M., Payré, V., Rapin, W., Sumner, D. Y., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory (ESO), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
data reduction technique, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Abstract

International audience; Zinc-enriched targets have been detected at the Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars, using the Chemistry Camera (ChemCam) instrument. The Zn content is analyzed with a univariate calibration based on the 481.2 nm emission line. The limit of quantification for ZnO is 3 wt % (at 95% confidence level) and 1 wt % (at 68% confidence level). The limit of detection is shown to be around 0.5 wt %. As of sol 950, 12 targets on Mars present high ZnO content ranging from 1.0 wt % to 8.4 wt % (Yarrada, sol 628). Those Zn-enriched targets are almost entirely located at the Dillinger member of the Kimberley formation, where high Mn and alkali contents were also detected, probably in different phases. Zn enrichment does not depend on the textures of the rocks (coarse-grained sandstones, pebbly conglomerates, and resistant fins). The lack of sulfur enhancement suggests that Zn is not present in the sphalerite phase. Zn appears somewhat correlated with Na2O and the ChemCam hydration index, suggesting that it could be in an amorphous clay phase (such as sauconite). On Earth, such an enrichment would be consistent with a supergene alteration of a sphalerite gossan cap in a primary siliciclastic bedrock or a possible hypogene nonsulfide zinc deposition where Zn, Fe, Mn would have been transported in a reduced sulfur-poor fluid and precipitated rapidly in the form of oxides.

Published
2016
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24. ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars

Author

Thompson, L., Williams, A., Williams, R., Blaney, D., Calef, F., Dietrich, W., Edgett, K., Fisk, M., Gellert, R., Grotzinger, J., Kah, L., McLennan, S., Palucis, M., Siebach, K., Stack, K., Sumner, D., Yingst, A., Maurice, S., Clegg, S., Wiens, R., Gasnault, O., Rapin, W., Forni, O., Cousin, A., Sautter, V., Mangold, N., Le Deit, L., Nachon, M., Anderson, R., Lanza, N., Fabre, C., Payré, V., Lasue, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Léveillé, R., Barraclough, B., Beck, P., Bender, S., Berger, G., Bridges, J., Bridges, N., Dromart, G., Dyar, M., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gondet, B., Ehlmann, B., Herkenhoff, K., Johnson, J., Langevin, Y., Madsen, M., Melikechi, N., Lacour, J.-L., Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Lewin, E., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Pinet, P., Schröder, S., Sirven, J.-B., Tokar, R., Toplis, M., D'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Vasavada, A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Centre for Infection and Immunity, Optical Science Center for Applied Research (OSCAR), Delaware State University (DSU), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California (UC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, atomic Emission spectroscopy, Mars, Mineralogy, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Atmosphere, laser-spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, LIBS, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Noachian, Gale crater, Crust, Mars Exploration Program, 15. Life on land, Gale Crater, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Geochemistry, in-situ, ChemCam, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

At Gale crater, Mars, ChemCam acquired its first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) target on Sol 13 of the landed portion of the mission (a Sol is a Mars day). Up to Sol 800, more than 188 000 LIBS spectra were acquired on more than 5800 points distributed over about 650 individual targets. We present a comprehensive review of ChemCam scientific accomplishments during that period, together with a focus on the lessons learned from the first use of LIBS in space. For data processing, we describe new tools that had to be developed to account for the uniqueness of Mars data. With regard to chemistry, we present a summary of the composition range measured on Mars for major-element oxides (SiO_2, TiO_2, Al_2O_3, FeO_T, MgO, CaO, Na_2O, K_2O) based on various multivariate models, with associated precisions. ChemCam also observed H, and the non-metallic elements C, O, P, and S, which are usually difficult to quantify with LIBS. F and Cl are observed through their molecular lines. We discuss the most relevant LIBS lines for detection of minor and trace elements (Li, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn). These results were obtained thanks to comprehensive ground reference datasets, which are set to mimic the expected mineralogy and chemistry on Mars. With regard to the first use of LIBS in space, we analyze and quantify, often for the first time, each of the advantages of using stand-off LIBS in space: no sample preparation, analysis within its petrological context, dust removal, sub-millimeter scale investigation, multi-point analysis, the ability to carry out statistical surveys and whole-rock analyses, and rapid data acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of ChemCam performance to survey the geochemistry of Mars, and its valuable support of decisions about selecting where and whether to make observations with more time and resource-intensive tools in the rover's instrument suite. In the end, we present a bird's-eye view of the many scientific results: discovery of felsic Noachian crust, first observation of hydrated soil, discovery of manganese-rich coatings and fracture fills indicating strong oxidation potential in Mars' early atmosphere, characterization of soils by grain size, and wide scale mapping of sedimentary strata, conglomerates, and diagenetic materials.

Published
2016
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25. Diagenetic silica enrichment and late‐stage groundwater activity in Gale crater, Mars

Author

Frydenvang, J., primary, Gasda, P. J., additional, Hurowitz, J. A., additional, Grotzinger, J. P., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Newsom, H. E., additional, Edgett, K. S., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Bridges, J. C., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Fisk, M. R., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Rapin, W., additional, Stein, N. T., additional, Clegg, S. M., additional, Schwenzer, S. P., additional, Bedford, C. C., additional, Edwards, P., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Anderson, R. B., additional, Payré, V., additional, Vaniman, D., additional, Blake, D. F., additional, Lanza, N. L., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Van Beek, J., additional, Sautter, V., additional, Meslin, P.‐Y., additional, Rice, M., additional, Milliken, R., additional, Gellert, R., additional, Thompson, L., additional, Clark, B. C., additional, Sumner, D. Y., additional, Fraeman, A. A., additional, Kinch, K. M., additional, Madsen, M. B., additional, Mitrofanov, I. G., additional, Jun, I., additional, Calef, F., additional, and Vasavada, A. R., additional

Published
2017
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26. The potassic sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, as seen by ChemCam on boardCuriosity

Author

Le Deit, L., primary, Mangold, N., additional, Forni, O., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Lasue, J., additional, Schröder, S., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Sumner, D., additional, Fabre, C., additional, Stack, K. M., additional, Anderson, R. B., additional, Blaney, D., additional, Clegg, S., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Fisk, M., additional, Gasnault, O., additional, Grotzinger, J. P., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Lanza, N., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Maurice, S., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Meslin, P.-Y., additional, Nachon, M., additional, Newsom, H., additional, Payré, V., additional, Rapin, W., additional, Rice, M., additional, Sautter, V., additional, and Treiman, A. H., additional

Published
2016
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27. Observation of > 5 wt % zinc at the Kimberley outcrop, Gale crater, Mars

Author

Lasue, J., primary, Clegg, S. M., additional, Forni, O., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Lanza, N., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Le Deit, L., additional, Gasnault, O., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Berger, J. A., additional, Stack, K., additional, Blaney, D., additional, Fabre, C., additional, Goetz, W., additional, Johnson, J., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Nachon, M., additional, Payré, V., additional, Rapin, W., additional, and Sumner, D. Y., additional

Published
2016
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28. ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars

Author

Maurice, S., primary, Clegg, S. M., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Gasnault, O., additional, Rapin, W., additional, Forni, O., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Sautter, V., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Le Deit, L., additional, Nachon, M., additional, Anderson, R. B., additional, Lanza, N. L., additional, Fabre, C., additional, Payré, V., additional, Lasue, J., additional, Meslin, P.-Y., additional, Léveillé, R. J., additional, Barraclough, B. L., additional, Beck, P., additional, Bender, S. C., additional, Berger, G., additional, Bridges, J. C., additional, Bridges, N. T., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Dyar, M. D., additional, Francis, R., additional, Frydenvang, J., additional, Gondet, B., additional, Ehlmann, B. L., additional, Herkenhoff, K. E., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Langevin, Y., additional, Madsen, M. B., additional, Melikechi, N., additional, Lacour, J.-L., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Lewin, E., additional, Newsom, H. E., additional, Ollila, A. M., additional, Pinet, P., additional, Schröder, S., additional, Sirven, J.-B., additional, Tokar, R. L., additional, Toplis, M. J., additional, d'Uston, C., additional, Vaniman, D. T., additional, and Vasavada, A. R., additional

Published
2016
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29. The ejection site of Black Beauty revealed by 90 million impact craters.

Author

Lagain, A., Bouley, S., Zanda, B., Miljković, K., Rajšić, A., Baratoux, D., Payré, V., Doucet, L. S., Timms, N. E., Hewins, R., Benedix, G. K., Malarewic, V., Servis, K., and Bland, P. A.

Subjects
IMPACT craters, LUNAR craters, MARTIAN meteorites, INNER planets, MAGNETIC flux density, MARTIAN atmosphere, GEOLOGICAL formations
Abstract

Introduction: The geological record of the formation and differentiation of our planet has been destroyed by its subsequent evolution, but extremely rare clues may be obtained from other terrestrial planets. Mars provides a unique and accessible example of an early evolutionary path corresponding to that, inaccessible, of our own world. We can investigate it with spacecraft, and samples are available for in-depth analysis on Earth in the form of martian meteorites. So far, the only available martian samples that appear to have recorded the early conditions and the evolution of the planet until the present time are Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 and its paired stones, nicknamed "Black Beauty". This regolith breccia has been ejected a few million years ago by the formation of a large impact crater, and contains the oldest martian igneous material ever dated: ~4.5 Ga old [1-4]. However, its source and geological context have so far remained unknown. and with it, a region where the earliest geological records of the planet [1-4] are exposed on the surface. Knowing this source region would provide insights into early Mars geological history and crustal extraction [1-4]. This source region may therefore become a high-priority target for detailed orbital analyses and in-situ exploration [5]. Constraints on the meteorite launch site: Following a hypervelocity impact, ejecta materials moving faster than the escape velocity (5 km/s) may get through the martian atmosphere and continue their course into interplanetary space to become martian meteorites [6]. Slower debris fall back on the surface in a radial pattern or ray around the primary crater, forming secondary craters. The presence of 100 meter-size secondaries attests to the freshness of their associated primary craters [7]. Using the size and spatial distribution of more than 90 million impact craters >50 m (both primaries and secondaries) detected using a Crater Detection Algorithm (CDA) [7-8] on the whole surface of Mars from the global Context Camera (CTX) mosaic [9], a previous work [7] identified ray systems of secondary craters <150 m associated with 19 large primary craters, potential source of the ejection of martian meteorites. Here we compare the abundance of K and Th [10-11] as well as the magnetic field intensity and the magnetization of the surface of Mars derived from orbital measurements [12] at the immediate vicinity of each crater candidate with those of the breccia. We also compare the geological context of each of the crater candidates with the chronology and the lithology of the meteorite [e.g. 1-3, 13-14]. The ejection site for Black Beauty: Among the 19 crater candidates investigated, we found that only one match with the characteristics of the meteorite: a 10 km crater located in the north-east of the Terra Cimeria - Sirenum (TCTS) region, between Hesperia Planum and the Tharsis bulge. Our work suggests that clasts contained in the regolith breccia are representative of the TCTS province, making this region a relic of the early crustal processes on Mars [e.g. 15], and thus, a region of high interest for future missions. Details on the identification of the crater source of this unique meteorite, as well a its geological context and broader implications for early crustal processes on Mars will be presented at the conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

31. The chemostratigraphy of the lacustrine Murray formation in Gale crater, Mars, and evidence for large-scale diagenesis in Vera Rubin ridge bedrock as implied by ChemCam observations.

Author

Frydenvang, J., Mangold, N., Wiens, R.C., Fraeman, A.A., Edgar, L.A., Fedo, C.M., L'Haridon, J., Bedford, C.C., Gupta, S., Grotzinger, J.P., Bridges, J., Clark, B.C., Rampe, E.B., Forni, O., Gasda, P.J., Lanza, N.L., Ollila, A.M., Meslin, P.-Y., Payré, V., and Calef, F.

Subjects
GALE Crater (Mars), BEDROCK, DIAGENESIS, CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY, MARS (Planet), GEOLOGICAL surveys, IMPACT craters
Published
2019

34. COPPER ENRICHMENTS AT KIMBERLEY, GALE CRATER, MARS.

Author

Payré, V., Fabre, C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Mangold, N., Deit, L. Le, Goetz, W., Sautter, V., Clark, B., Rapin, W., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Nachon, M., Lanza, N. L., Meslin, P. Y., and Clegg, S.

Subjects
GALE Crater (Mars), MARTIAN craters, COPPER
Published
2017

35. Classification of Igneous Rocks Analyzed by ChemCam at Gale Crater.

Author

Cousin, Mars. A., Sautter, V., Payré, V., Forni, O., Mangold, N., Gasnault, O., Deit, L. Le, Johnson, J., Maurice, S., Salvatore, M., Wiens, R. C., Meslin, P.Y., Gasda, P., and Rapin, W.

Subjects
MARS (Planet), MARTIAN meteorites, REGOLITH
Published
2017

37. CHEMCAM ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS PROCESSES ON POLYGONAL CRACKS AT GALE CRATER, MARS.

Author

Mangold, N., Cousin, A., Meslin, P.-Y., Payré, V., Dehouck, E., Newsom, H. E., Forni, O., Frydenvang, J., Flahaut, J., L'Haridon, J., Gasnault, O., Wiens, R. C., Stein, N., Grotzinger, J. P., Hallet, B., Deit, L. Le, Rapin, W., and Maurice, S.

Subjects
MARS (Planet), IMPACT craters, AQUEOUS solutions
Published
2017

38. Askival: An altered feldspathic cumulate sample in Gale crater.

Author

Bowden DL, Bridges JC, Cousin A, Rapin W, Semprich J, Gasnault O, Forni O, Gasda P, Das D, Payré V, Sautter V, Bedford CC, Wiens RC, Pinet P, and Frydenvang J

Abstract

Askival is a light-toned, coarsely crystalline float rock, which was identified near the base of Vera Rubin Ridge in Gale crater. We have studied Askival, principally with the ChemCam instrument but also using APXS compositional data and MAHLI images. Askival and an earlier identified sample, Bindi, represent two rare examples of feldspathic cumulate float rocks in Gale crater with >65% relict plagioclase. Bindi appears unaltered whereas Askival shows textural and compositional signatures of silicification, along with alkali remobilization and hydration. Askival likely experienced multiple stages of alteration, occurring first through acidic hydrolysis of metal cations, followed by deposition of silica and possible phyllosilicates at low T and neutral-alkaline pH. Through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy compositional analyses and normative calculations, we suggest that an assemblage of Fe-Mg silicates including amphibole and pyroxene, Fe phases, and possibly Mg-rich phyllosilicate are present. Thermodynamic modeling of the more pristine Bindi composition predicts that amphibole and feldspar are stable within an upper crustal setting. This is consistent with the presence of amphibole in the parent igneous rocks of Askival and suggests that the paucity of amphiboles in other known Martian samples reflects the lack of representative samples of the Martian crust rather than their absence on Mars., (© 2022 The Authors. Meteoritics & Planetary Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Meteoritical Society.)

Published
2023
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39. Origin and composition of three heterolithic boulder- and cobble-bearing deposits overlying the Murray and Stimson formations, Gale Crater, Mars.

Author

Wiens RC, Edgett KS, Stack KM, Dietrich WE, Bryk AB, Mangold N, Bedford C, Gasda P, Fairen A, Thompson L, Johnson J, Gasnault O, Clegg S, Cousin A, Forni O, Frydenvang J, Lanza N, Maurice S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Payré V, Rivera-Hernandez F, and Vasavada A

Abstract

Heterolithic, boulder-containing, pebble-strewn surfaces occur along the lower slopes of Aeolis Mons ("Mt. Sharp") in Gale crater, Mars. They were observed in HiRISE images acquired from orbit prior to the landing of the Curiosity rover. The rover was used to investigate three of these units named Blackfoot, Brandberg, and Bimbe between sols 1099 and 1410. These unconsolidated units overlie the lower Murray formation that forms the base of Mt. Sharp, and consist of pebbles, cobbles and boulders. Blackfoot also overlies portions of the Stimson formation, which consists of eolian sandstone that is understood to significantly postdate the dominantly lacustrine deposition of the Murray formation. Blackfoot is elliptical in shape (62 × 26 m), while Brandberg is nearly circular (50 × 55 m), and Bimbe is irregular in shape, covering about ten times the area of the other two. The largest boulders are 1.5-2.5 m in size and are interpreted to be sandstones. As seen from orbit, some boulders are light-toned and others are dark-toned. Rover-based observations show that both have the same gray appearance from the ground and their apparently different albedos in orbital observations result from relatively flat sky-facing surfaces. Chemical observations show that two clasts of fine sandstone at Bimbe have similar compositions and morphologies to nine ChemCam targets observed early in the mission, near Yellowknife Bay, including the Bathurst Inlet outcrop, and to at least one target (Pyramid Hills, Sol 692) and possibly a cap rock unit just north of Hidden Valley, locations that are several kilometers apart in distance and tens of meters in elevation. These findings may suggest the earlier existence of draping strata, like the Stimson formation, that would have overlain the current surface from Bimbe to Yellowknife Bay. Compositionally these extinct strata could be related to the Siccar Point group to which the Stimson formation belongs. Dark, massive sandstone blocks at Bimbe are chemically distinct from blocks of similar morphology at Bradbury Rise, except for a single float block, Oscar (Sol 516). Conglomerates observed along a low, sinuous ridge at Bimbe consist of matrix and clasts with compositions similar to the Stimson formation, suggesting that stream beds likely existed nearly contemporaneously with the dunes that eventually formed the Stimson formation, or that they had the same source material. In either case, they represent a later pulse of fluvial activity relative to the lakes associated with the Murray formation. These three units may be local remnants of infilled impact craters (especially circular-shaped Brandberg), decayed buttes, patches of unconsolidated fluvial deposits, or residual mass-movement debris. Their incorporation of Stimson and Murray rocks, the lack of lithification, and appearance of being erosional remnants suggest that they record erosion and deposition events that post-date the exposure of the Stimson formation.

Published
2020
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