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In response to the increased influence of space forces on today's battlefield, several theater level models were analyzed for the presentation of space forces. These models were the Extended Air Defense Simulation (EADSIM), the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS), the Integrated Theater Engagement Model (ITEM), the Tactical Warfare Model (TACWAR), Thunder, Janus, and the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP). While ALSP is not a model but a simulation protocol connecting various models, it was studied because it appears to be the future of modeling. The consensus of the analysis was that space forces are virtually ignored by most of the models and when space was considered, the dynamic nature of the systems involved were not captured. The Air Force Cornmand Exercise System (ACES) was chosen to determine how the effects of space forces can be implemented into theater level models. ACES is a discrete event combat simulation designed to support intermediate and senior service schools in teaching Air Force doctrine within the context of a theater warfare exercise. Its primary focus is to allow specific educational goals to be taught. This research focused on both the present modeling of space forces within widely used theater level models and a methodology to incorporate space forces into models that lack the influence of space. The Gulf War exposed how important functions performed from space can be to the success of a combat forces. Because of the practicality of space's influence, a picture of today's battlefield that does not include space forces is incomplete.

The assurance argument that a trusted system satisfies its information security requirements must be convincing, because the argument supports the accreditation decision to allow the computer to process classified information in an operational environment. Assurance is achieved through understanding, but some evidence that supports the assurance argument can be difficult to understand. This paper describes a novel application of a technique, called literate programming [11], that significantly improves the readability of the assurance argument while maintaining its consistency with formal specifications that are input to specification and verification systems. We describe an application of this technique to a simple example and discuss the lessons learned from this effort., Prepared in collaboration with Secure Computing Corp., Roseville, MN.

The function of deacons in many Southern Baptist churches is inconsistent with biblical principles, creating confusion at the local church level. This phenomenon is substantiated by information gathered from available literature, surveys, and personal interviews with professors, pastors and deacons. The purpose of this paper is to present a biblical and historical basis for the diaconate and to provide successful deacon ministries as positive role models. Two church offices are recognized--pastor/elder/overseer and deacon. Deacons are not elders or overseers. When they attempt to perform as such, administrating church business, they are functionally violating New Testament principle and practice.

Previous work at NRL demonstrated the benefits of a security modeling approach for building high assurance systems for particular application domains. This paper introduces an application domain called selective bypass that is prominent in certain network security solutions. We present a parameterized modeling framework for the domain and then instantiate a confidentiality model for a particular application, called the External COMSEC Adaptor (ECA), within the framework. We conclude with lessons we learned from modeling, implementing and verifying the ECA. Our experience supports the use of the application based security modeling approach for high assurance systems., Published in the Proceedings of COMPASS-94, p245-256, Jun 1994.

The United States has been threatened for years by organized, illegal drug cartels who provide cheap and available drugs to satisfy an expanding demand. In the past seven years, cocaine has developed into a powerful, addictive, and initially inexpensive drug that appeals to America's poor. Experts have identified it as the drug which most threatens national security. Easy and large profits from readily available cocaine have generated significant problems for lawmen, medical personnel and facilities, judicial services and incarceration sites, and rehabilitation and social programs across the nation. U.S. Presidents have consistently vowed to win the War on Drugs . Are America's National Drug Control Strategy and the agreements made during the Cartegena Summit of 1990 leading to the elimination of drugs, more specifically of cocaine, from our society? Can U.S. drug law enforcement agencies' (DLEA's) efforts prevent cocaine from crossing U.S. borders? What impact is cocaine having on our allies overseas? The Drug War: Can We Stop Cocaine? addresses these questions and related issues. Cocaine Trafficking; The Drug War; Drug Trafficking; Interdiction of Drug Trafficking.

The ECA is an embedded computing device that processes message traffic for a network that must enforce end-to-end user message confidentiality. The ECA uses a commercial, off-the-shelf cryptographic device to transform sensitive data from the Red Domain of the network so that it can be transmitted over the untrusted communication links of the Black Domain. For transmission purposes, certain parts of a message, namely the message header, must be bypassed around the cryptographic device. The primary critical requirement for the ECA, Restricted Red-to-Black Flow (RRTBF), requires that the bypassed portion of each message must satisfy certain format restrictions, and that the rate of bypass must be constrained. In this report, we present an informal model of the ECA's critical requirements together with the assumptions under which the model was constructed. We than formalize this model by using the CSP Trace Model of computation.

The Navy has designated the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) as its Center for Computer Security Research and Evaluation. NRL is actively developing a Navy capability to certify trusted systems. This paper describes the NRL effort to understand assurance, certification, and trusted system certification criteria through the production of the Handbook for the Computer Security Certification of Trusted Systems. Through this effort, NRL hopes to discover new and more efficient ways of satisfying the assurance requirement for a high assurance system.