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Objectives The purpose of this text is to discuss the interpretation of the provisions on the payment service provider's obligation to refund regarding unauthorized payment transactions. The subject of the research are the provisions of the Payment Services Act implementing the PSD2 directive in Poland. Material and methods The formal-dogmatic method was applied in the research procedure. Results The result of the research is to propose an interpretation of the provisions governing the obligation to return the amount of unauthorized payment transactions to the payer. Conclusions As part of the results, it was found that, due to the purpose of the legislation, as indicated in its wording and the recitals of the Directive, the obligation to return will be borne by the payer's supplier in principle, except in the event of fraud, intent or gross negligence on the part of the payer. As regards the problem of the burden of proof, a derogation from the general rule resulting from the provisions of the Civil Code consists in shifting the burden of proving that the transaction has been authorized to the supplier.

Internet banking and mobile banking training for marketing teachers and small and medium enterpries (SMEs) in the Surabaya region is one form of community service activities carried out by the Ubaya Polytechnic Marketing Management Study Program. This activity is carried out with the aim to provide participants with insights on how to use internet banking and mobile banking. This training was held on July 6, 2019 at Ubaya Polytechnic Campus Surabaya, which was attended by 38 participants. The method used in this training is to socialize how to use internet banking or mobile banking as a payment transaction tool that is often used today. The results achieved from this training activity are that participants can utilize existing technology, especially in the banking sector more effectively.

The paper describes the models for opening accounts in the national budgetary payment transaction system. The choice of the most effective model is an issue in the science of budget law. Therefore, the author describes different models for opening of accounts. The first model is personal accounts, which has many similarities with bank accounts. This model used now. The second model is treasury accounts. This model is new to the national system of budget payments. The paper describes the features and benefits of both models. The author reaches to the conclusion that the system of budget payments has elements of both models. Therefore, the Treasury of Russia has more effective financial management tools. In turn, Treasury’s clients can conduct transactions faster and easier.

The presence of E-Wallet in various industrial sectors, both private and government, is a new breakthrough in fintech (financial technology) innovation that allows people to make transaction in buying and selling goods and services more easily. This new technology provides a more transparent electronic payment system. However, until now there are still so many people who have not adopted and used E-Wallet due to their lack of knowledge of this new financial technology. The approach to diffusion of innovation theory is carried out to see the effect of the use E-Wallet fintech on changes in the sale and purchase transaction patterns. The results show that the diffusion of fintech promotional messages through social media and the adaptation to the use of E-Wallet have an effect on changes in buying and selling transaction patterns among young people in Jakarta.

Cooperatives are usually referred to as a means to help people from low economic circles up to economic conditions upwards. With the existence of a unit for savings and loans can help the community in the district of Kabanjahe open a business in improving the economy of the people in Kabanjahe. Payment of invoices by customers and events to be carried out by cooperatives never arrive due to a lack of information received by customers. Therefore we need a system that is very helpful in the process of supporting events in the cooperative. The CRM (Customer Relationship Management) application can assist in the notification process and simplify the cooperative payment transaction process. This research can facilitate the cooperatives and cooperative members in conducting transactions and is very helpful also to customers in the notification process of cooperative activities and customer bills and notifications are given 3 days before the activities or events from CU.

Payment transactions developed along with technological developments, now days technology supports digital payment, each type of digital transaction has its own security services, this study focus on the analysis of security services (confidentiality, integrity and availability) using the Penetration Testing method on magnetic stripe cards as a payment transaction playground facility, then comparing security services to the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) electronic transaction tool. The results of this study are RFID electronic transaction cards that provide a more complete security service as an electronic payment transaction.

Someday soon a perfectly ripe tomato growing on a vine is going to signal its condition via the 5G network to an AI who knows about heirloom tomatoes at their peak; this AI will place an order for its customers based on standing instructions, after first confirming said customers are indeed expected home that evening. An autonomous vehicle, perhaps a drone, will then be dispatched to rendezvous with a fieldworker who will hand over the ripe treasure while a blockchain payment transaction runs in the background. The Level 5 AV will then whisk what is now a sold and on-its-way tomato back home, making it available for the evening meal.

Mobile payment is a form of payment transaction processing where the payer utilizes mobile communication methods together with mobile devices to initiate, authorize or complete payment. Hence, with the huge increase in mobile device usage, the retail sector will be able to collect large volumes of data. Unfortunately, most Malaysians still do not make full use of digital payments or cashless payments. Consumers in South East Asia still tend to use money or bank cards, and companies have been "limitedly effective" in encouraging a cashless revolution. The objective of this study was to identify the acceptance of mobile payment by retailers, the factors that contribute to the acceptance of mobile payment and the relationship between the factors were also the aim of this research. Several factors were contributing to mobile payments such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, habit, privacy, perceived security and intentions which was based on the UTAUT model. This study used questionnaires to collect data and the data analysis was carried out using SPSS software. Based on the analysis that has been conducted, it can be seen that all the hypotheses of this research have a significant relationship except for the relationship between privacy and intentions that has a negative linear relationship. It is hoped that this research will give values to retailers with an understanding of the contributing factors that affect their acceptance of mobile payment technology in the retailing business.

Providing cost- and credit-efficient payment services to customers in e-commerce is a critical success factor for retailer competitiveness. However, country-specific payment provision strategies fo...

PT. Sinar Property Group is a company that deals in home sales. Marketing Division of the company is the most dominating division in home sales data processing and it is very needed. Consumers data who buy a home become the basic reference in monitoring, it is also used for monitoring consumer payment transaction status and payment transaction archiving. The research is using SWOT as its method that used for knowing strength of the company, weakness, opportunity, and its threat. The results of the analysis show the company needs a system that capable to monitoring centered home sales data which functionally, marketing manager knows the total of consumer and total of sold home using a system which can be accessed in realtime using web-based system, so it will be easier in making decision. Keywords​: Sales, Monitoring, Sales Report, Website.

Physical distancing policy that is encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO) has inspired consumers to do contactless activities, including payment transaction. Government authorities in a growing number of countries are taking actions to encourage contactless payments as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates. People are worried that novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) can be transmitted through physical money. It drives them to shift to e-wallet. Due to a lack of study on this topic, the present study contributes to the literature by examining the effect of perceived risk, government support, and perceived usefulness on customers' intention to use e-wallet during COVID-19 outbreak. To give more fruitful insight, another major contribution of this study is investigating the group difference between Indonesia and Malaysia in the overall model. Questionnaires are distributed to the respondents by using a proportional sampling technique. As a result, 259 total respondents from Indonesia and 207 from Malaysia are collected. Both countries are selected because Indonesia and Malaysia can be considered as the two-worst countries in ASEAN affected by COVID-19. The model is tested using PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results show that the effects of government support on the intention to use e-wallets differ between countries. Besides, perceived usefulness fully mediated government support-intention to use e-wallets relationship, and partially mediated the effect of perceived risk on intention to use e-wallets.

The financial industry has proven to be an important factor in our daily lives through the adaption of new technology. Fintech companies are driven towards enhancing financial services currently being provided by consecutive financial institutions. Digital wallet is the latest invention of finance technology, which is a great tool for making our payment transaction very easily and fast. Many digital wallet applications have already been developed and implemented in payment transactions. An effective number of cyber threats targetting the monetary system have made security an imperative component of the banking system. This paper outlines the digital wallets’ threats and also provides the requirements of digital wallets that technically try to address the fear of security customers as usual providers,,while assisting in the successful implementation of digital wallets.

Personalized Point of Interest (POI) recommendation that incorporates users' personal preferences is an important subject of research. However, challenges exist such as dealing with sparse rating data and spatial location factors. As one of the biggest card payment organizations in the United States, our company holds abundant card payment transaction records with numerous features. In this paper, using restaurant recommendation as a demonstrating example, we present a personalized POI recommendation system (Pcard) that learns user preferences based on user transaction history and restaurants' locations. With a novel embedding approach that captures user embeddings and restaurant embeddings, we model pairwise restaurant preferences with respect to each user based on their locations and dining histories. Finally, a ranking list of restaurants within a spatial region is presented to the user. The evaluation results show that the proposed approach is able to achieve high accuracy and present effective recommendations.

In this paper, a hybrid method has been introduced to improve the classification performance of naïve Bayes (NB) for the mixed dataset and multi-class problems. This proposed method relies on a similarity measure which is applied to portions that are not correctly classified by NB. Since the data contains a multi-valued short text with rare words that limit the NB performance, we have employed an adapted selective classifier based on similarities (CSBS) classifier to exceed the NB limitations and included the rare words in the computation. This action has been achieved by transforming the formula from the product of the probabilities of the categorical variable to its sum weighted by numerical variable. The proposed algorithm has been experimented on card payment transaction data that contains the label of transactions: the multi-valued short text and the transaction amount. Based on K-fold cross validation, the evaluation results confirm that the proposed method achieved better results in terms of precision, recall, and F-score compared to NB and CSBS classifiers separately. Besides, the fact of converting a product form to a sum gives more chance to rare words to optimize the text classification, which is another advantage of the proposed method. &nbsp

The changes in information technology have also changed community behavior in doing transaction payments from cash to non-cash. This study aims to discover the effect of easiness, trust, life-style, and risk factors on people of Yogyakarta city interest to do a non-cash transaction. The research data were primary data obtained through interviews and questionnaires to 100 respondents in Malioboro shopping center which is the icon of Yogyakarta city, Indonesia. The data then estimated through multiple linear regression models using SPSS 16 statistical program. The result of the study empirically showed that easiness, trust, and life-style had positive and significant effects on the community’s choice to have non-cash transactions. Meanwhile, risk had a negative and significant effect on the interest of people in doing non-cash transactions. In general, non-cash payment promoted the intensity and capacity of a payment transaction because the payment is easier and cheaper. This study recommends increasing community awareness about the benefits and risks of a non-cash payment transaction. Moreover, law enforcement of customer protection from the misuse of non-cash payment facilities should be enhanced.

The purpose of this study is to see the effectiveness or efficiency of the use of wallets and electronic money as a means of payment. This research used a descriptive method by trying to offer and display various payment examples through electronic wallets as a transaction tool. The results show this payment method is so helpful that now consumers no longer have to carry a lot of money in their pockets to shopping. From these results, it can be seen that the electronic wallet method is suitable for use in the current digital era, with various conveniences offered in it.

Uber and other on-demand transportation network companies, such as Lyft and Cabify, have brought significant change in the transportation industry within cities. Calling a taxi was never so simple and easy, while the payment transaction was never so fast and convenient. However, such ride sharing platforms brought significant disruption within the taxi business. Nowadays, ride-sharing platforms operate in the vast majorities of the big cities; in some cities like New York, cars affiliated with on-demand ridesharing platforms have not only outnumbered taxis but also and more importantly have taken away millions of rides from taxi drivers. Due to the noticeable drop in passengers, the value of taxi licences has drastically reduced. According to anecdotal references, in 2013, a taxi licence in New York was worth as much as $1.3 million, however, nowadays the price has dropped down to as low as $200,000. As a result, such disruption in the taxi business has brought protests from taxi drivers around the world, and has created challenges to policy makers on how to resolve the conflicting interests and resolve the tension. Such challenges are expected to rise with the spread of the autonomous cars in the future. This chapter aims to examine the utility of sunset clauses in order to resolve this issue. It will use the progressive abolition of roaming changes as a pilot case, which took place with a number of laws subject to sunset clauses, in order to show how such clauses may with temporary regulations to deregulate the taxi industry by creating a predictable business environment for all parties involved.

Due to the expansion of small scale distributed energy resources such as solar rooftop and PEVs, decentralized energy trading is expected to be one of the most important components of next generation power systems. Decentralized peer-to-peer energy exchange systems are believed to be a promising solution not only to solve the scalability and mobility problems in the existing system but also to create a competitive market that can benefit small scale prosumers and consumers. However, such systems need to be equipped with the necessary security, privacy and payment transaction mechanisms to be efficient and trusted. In this paper, we propose a decentralized energy exchange system based on Blockchains. Blockchains is a technology that supports secure transactions between participating entities in a decentralized peer-to-peer network. The proposed system allows for energy exchange between prosumers using a form of smart electronic contracts which are based on Blockchains.

This thesis is formally divided into 5 sections, which are: introduction, definition of basic terms, essay on the most important aspects of regulation of the payment services providers, chapter dedicated to payment systems and conclusion. It should argue on issues conected to payments and it is focused mainly on it's regulatory part. Introduction to the thesis sets the goal of it and defines the extent of the issues researched as well as the areas that are not accented much. The basic terms that are defined in the thesis are payment, payment relations, payment transactions, means of money, payment devices, electronic money, payment orders and payment services. This thesis contains non-regulatory issues as well as it accentuates the sociological importance of payment relations. It also shows historical connotations and describes trends which can be observed in the defined areas of exploration. It's goal is to explore and describe mainly the regulatory part of the issue though. The core structure of all parts is therefore focused mainly on the form of legal regulation of payments in effect. The biggest focus is set on description and analysis of the regulation of activities performed by providers of the payment services. Activities that consist of running the payment system and taking part on them...