29,075 results on '"Pawlak A"'
Search Results
2. Grammar Learning Strategies: Towards a Pedagogical Intervention
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Miroslaw Pawlak
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Despite undeniable advances in research on language learning strategies in the last several decades, empirical investigations of actions and thoughts that learners engage in to better understand and use grammar structures in different contexts, or grammar learning strategies (GLS), remain scarce. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies examining the effects of pedagogical interventions in this area, both with respect to the use of different types of GLS and the mastery of grammar structures in terms of explicit and implicit (automatized) knowledge. There is also no empirical evidence concerning the mediating role of individual difference (ID) factors in this respect. The paper outlines a study currently in progress that seeks to address all of these gaps. The first part is devoted to a brief overview of key issues related to the definition and classification of GLS as well as a synthesis of available research in this area. This is followed by a description of an intervention-based research project which explores the effects of strategies-based instruction (SBI) targeting GLS by English majors in Poland, also taking into account the moderating impact of selected ID variables. In particular, the methodology of the study is presented and the envisaged contributions of the intervention are considered.
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- 2024
3. Casirivimab and imdevimab as investigational monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 patients – review of the literature
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Reka Gabriela, Pawlak Angelika, Machowiec Piotr, Maksymowicz Marcela, and Piecewicz-Szczesna Halina
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covid-19 ,regn-cov-2 ,casirivimab ,imdevimab ,monoclonal antibodies ,Medicine - Abstract
Casirivimab and imdevimab (REGN-COV-2) are investigational monoclonal antibodies approved in November 2020 by the Food and Drug Administration for emergency use in mild and moderate COVID-19. These two noncompeting human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies can target the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARSCoV-2, prevent its entry into human cells, and reduce viral load. The antibodies can be administered intravenously for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients who do not require hospitalization and supplemental oxygen. The purpose of the study is to review the latest available data on COVID-19 treatment using casirivimab and imdevimab. According to recent preclinical studies, the antibody cocktail presents optimal antiviral strength and has the potential to minimize the chances of the virus escaping. It was shown in animal studies that the cocktail reduces the pathological consequences caused by viruses, decreases the number of viruses in the respiratory system, and reduces lung titers and pneumonia symptoms. Casirivimab and imdevimab as a cocktail also prevents the rapid appearance of treatment-resistant mutants. In the clinical trial, REGN-COV-2 decreased viral load, particularly in patients with a non-initiated immune response (serum antibody-negative) and with high viral load at baseline. The adverse effects were comparable in the combined REGN-COV2 dose groups (2.4 g and 8.0 g), as well as in the placebo group. The cocktail caused few and mainly low-grade toxic effects. Casirivimab and imdevimab seem to be effective and safe antiviral therapy for nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. Further observations and research are extremely necessary to assess the efficacy, security and indications in a wider group of patients.
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- 2021
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4. Nanoscale Control of Quantum States in Radical Molecules on Superconducting Pb(111)
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Li, Chao, Pokorný, Vladislav, Žonda, Martin, Liu, Jung-Ching, Zhou, Ping, Chahib, Outhmane, Glatzel, Thilo, Häner, Robert, Decurtins, Silvio, Liu, Shi-Xia, Pawlak, Rémy, and Meyer, Ernst
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
Magnetic impurities on superconductors present a viable platform for building advanced applications in quantum technologies. However, a controlled manipulation of their quantum states continues to pose a significant challenge, hindering the progress in the field. Here we show the manipulation of magnetic states in the radical molecule 4,5,9,10-tetrabromo-1,3,6,8-tetraazapyrene (TBTAP) on a Pb(111) superconducting surface using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Tunneling spectra reveal Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states near the Fermi energy in isolated molecules. A quantum phase transition from singlet to doublet ground state is induced by changing the tip-molecule distance. Additionally, the presence of a second TBTAP molecule allows tuning of the YSR state position by altering the relative distance and can induce splitting of the YSR states for certain orientations. The construction of molecular chains up to pentamers shows periodic arrangements of charged and neutral molecules, with even-numbered chains forming a charged dimer structure at one end. Information can be encoded in these chains by switching the dimer position. These findings elucidate interactions between molecular assemblies and superconducting substrates, paving the way for advanced quantum-state engineering.
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- 2024
5. Exploring Liquid Neural Networks on Loihi-2
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Pawlak, Wiktoria Agata, Isik, Murat, Le, Dexter, and Dikmen, Ismail Can
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Computer Science - Emerging Technologies ,Computer Science - Hardware Architecture - Abstract
This study investigates the realm of liquid neural networks (LNNs) and their deployment on neuromorphic hardware platforms. It provides an in-depth analysis of Liquid State Machines (LSMs) and explores the adaptation of LNN architectures to neuromorphic systems, highlighting the theoretical foundations and practical applications. We introduce a pioneering approach to image classification on the CIFAR-10 dataset by implementing Liquid Neural Networks (LNNs) on state-of-the-art neuromorphic hardware platforms. Our Loihi-2 ASIC-based architecture demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 91.3% while consuming only 213 microJoules per frame. These results underscore the substantial potential of LNNs for advancing neuromorphic computing and establish a new benchmark for the field in terms of both efficiency and accuracy., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
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- 2024
6. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): I. a spectroscopic VLT monitoring survey of massive stars in the SMC
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Shenar, T., Bodensteiner, J., Sana, H., Crowther, P. A., Lennon, D. J., Abdul-Masih, M., Almeida, L. A., Backs, F., Berlanas, S. R., Bernini-Peron, M., Bestenlehner, J. M., Bowman, D. M., Bronner, V. A., Britavskiy, N., de Koter, A., de Mink, S. E., Deshmukh, K., Evans, C. J., Fabry, M., Gieles, M., Gilkis, A., González-Torà, G., Gräfener, G., Götberg, Y., Hawcroft, C., Hénault-Brunet, V., Herrero, A., Holgado, G., Janssens, S., Johnston, C., Josiek, J., Justham, S., Kalari, V. M., Katabi, Z. Z., Keszthelyi, Z., Klencki, J., Kubát, J., Kubátová, B., Langer, N., Lefever, R. R., Ludwig, B., Mackey, J., Mahy, L., Apellániz, J. Maíz, Mandel, I., Maravelias, G., Marchant, P., Menon, A., Najarro, F., Oskinova, L. M., Ovadia, R., Patrick, L. R., Pauli, D., Pawlak, M., Ramachandran, V., Renzo, M., Rocha, D. F., Sander, A. A. C., Sayada, T., Schneider, F. R. N., Schootemeijer, A., Schösser, E. C., Schürmann, C., Sen, K., Shahaf, S., Simón-Díaz, S., Stoop, M., van Loon, J. Th., Toonen, S., Tramper, F., Valli, R., van Son, L. A. C., Vigna-Gómez, A., Villaseñor, J. I., Vink, J. S., Wang, C., and Willcox, R.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Surveys in the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud revealed that the majority of massive stars will interact with companions during their lives. However, knowledge of the binary properties of massive stars at low metallicity, which approaches the conditions of the Early Universe, remains sparse. We present the Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM) campaign - an ESO large programme designed to obtain 25 epochs of spectroscopy for 929 massive stars in the SMC - the lowest metallicity conditions in which multiplicity is probed to date (Z = 0.2 Zsun). BLOeM will provide (i) the binary fraction, (ii) the orbital configurations of systems with periods P < 3 yr, (iii) dormant OB+BH binaries, and (iv) a legacy database of physical parameters of massive stars at low metallicity. The stars are observed with the LR02 setup of the giraffe instrument of the Very Large Telescope (3960-4570A, resolving power R=6200; typical signal-to-noise ratio S/N=70-100). This paper utilises the first 9 epochs obtained over a three-month time. We describe the survey and data reduction, perform a spectral classification of the stacked spectra, and construct a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of the sample via spectral-type and photometric calibrations. The sample covers spectral types from O4 to F5, spanning the effective temperature and luminosity ranges 6.5
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- 2024
7. Valuation of travel time savings in the presence of simultaneous activities
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Pawlak, Jacek and Polak, John
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Economics - General Economics ,Statistics - Applications - Abstract
Time sharing between activities remains an indispensable part of everyday activity pattern. However, the issue has not yet been fully acknowledged within the existing time allocation models, potentially resulting in inaccuracies in valuing travel time savings. Therefore this study is aimed at addressing this gap by investigating the potential impact of introducing time sharing within such a framework, as well as factors determining it as represented by travel activities. In doing so, time constraint in the time allocation model of Small was modified to enable sharing the same time interval between different activities. The resulting expression indicated that such an augmentation could lead to lower estimates of value of time as a resource. On the other hand, empirical research based on the data from the National Passenger Survey 2004 used for calibrating cross-nested logit model indicated a number of factors affecting the choice of travel activities. It was discovered that significant include possession of equipment allowing particular activities, e.g. newspaper, paperwork or ICT devices, companionship, gender, length of the journey, frequency of using the service, possibility of working on the train, journey planning in advance, first class travel, termination of the trip in central London, peak-time travel and availability of seating., Comment: 15 pages, 2 Figures, Presented at European Transport Conference 2010
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- 2024
8. Factors Associated with Heart Failure Knowledge and Adherence to Self-Care Behaviors in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Based on Data from “the Weak Heart” Educational Program
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Kolasa J, Lisiak M, Grabowski M, Jankowska EA, Lelonek M, Nessler J, Pawlak A, and Uchmanowicz I
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adherence ,heart failure ,health education ,self-care behaviors ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Jolanta Kolasa,1 Magdalena Lisiak,2 Marcin Grabowski,3 Ewa A Jankowska,4 Malgorzata Lelonek,5 Jadwiga Nessler,6 Agnieszka Pawlak,7 Izabella Uchmanowicz2 1Medical Unit Cardiology, Novartis Poland Sp. z o.o, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland, and Centre for Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland; 3 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; 4Centre for Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland, and Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 5Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 6Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland; 7Department of Invasive Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland, and Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandCorrespondence: Jolanta KolasaMedical Unit Cardiology, Novartis Poland Sp. z o.o, Marynarska 15, Warsaw, 02-674, PolandTel +48 22 375 48 88Email jolanta.kolasa@novartis.comPurpose: As insufficient adherence to recommendations is a major cause of poor health outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), it is important to identify the factors that improve disease knowledge and self-care behaviors. We aimed to identify factors associated with HF knowledge and self-care behaviors in patients hospitalized due to acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in Poland.Patients and Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from a multi-center, prospective, non-randomized educational program named “The Weak Heart”, which was conducted in 14 cardiology centers in Poland. The level of HF knowledge was assessed using a questionnaire developed by the research team, and self-care behaviors were evaluated using the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (9-EHFScBS) questionnaire.Results: The study included 259 patients admitted to the hospital with ADHF. The mean HF knowledge and 9-EHFScBS questionnaire scores were 8.25± 4.34 and 25.2± 9.5, respectively. The patients’ level of education (P = 0.002), number of prior HF hospitalizations (P = 0.008), and previous disease education (P < 0.001) were independently associated with better HF knowledge. Age (P = 0.03) and disease education (P = 0.02) were independently associated with self-care behaviors.Conclusion: The adherence to self-care recommendations among patients with ADHF is insufficient. Disease education positively influenced both HF knowledge and self-care abilities. To improve patients’ adherence to HF recommendations, well-designed models of education based on HF management guidelines should be implemented.Keywords: adherence, heart failure, health education, self-care behaviors
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- 2021
9. A Longitudinal Analysis of Informal Digital Learning of English, Willingness to Communicate and Foreign Language Boredom: A Latent Change Score Mediation Model
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Tahereh Taherian, Majid Elahi Shirvan, Elham Yazdanmehr, Mariusz Kruk, and Miroslaw Pawlak
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The present research used a longitudinal framework to test a model of willingness to communicate (L2WTC), informal digital learning of English (IDLE), and foreign language boredom (FLB) in learning English as a foreign language among 325 Iranian university students attending a course in general English for 4 months via a latent change score mediation (LCSM) model. Overall, model indices showed an acceptable model fit for the LCSM model. There was a significant and positive constant growth in IDLE and L2WTC, a negative constant growth in FLB across four measurements, while the proportional change was significant and negative for all three variables. The significant interindividual and intraindividual differences in patterns of growth across time were found for the three variables. Also, moderate and positive cross-system associations were revealed between IDLE and L2WTC across four measurements. Moreover, moderate and negative cross-system associations were revealed between FLB and L2WTC as well as between IDLE and L2WTC. Furthermore, changes in FLB mediated subsequent associations between changes in IDLE and L2WTC. The results highlight the pivotal role of variations in FLB as a mediator for the longitudinal link between IDLE and L2WTC.
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- 2024
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10. Structural insights into rice KAI2 receptor provide functional implications for perception and signal transduction
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Guercio, Angelica M, Gilio, Amelia K, Pawlak, Jacob, and Shabek, Nitzan
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,alpha-beta hydrolase ,karrikin ,phytohormone ,receptor ,rice ,strigolactone ,structure ,Oryza ,Signal Transduction ,Plant Proteins ,Crystallography ,X-Ray ,F-Box Proteins ,Chemical Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Chemical sciences - Abstract
KAI2 receptors, classified as plant α/β hydrolase enzymes, are capable of perceiving smoke-derived butenolide signals and endogenous yet unidentified KAI2-ligands (KLs). While the number of functional KAI2 receptors varies among land plant species, rice has only one KAI2 gene. Rice, a significant crop and representative of grasses, relies on KAI2-mediated Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses to flourish in traditionally arid and nutrient-poor environments. This study presents the first crystal structure of an active rice (Oryza sativa, Os) KAI2 hydrolase receptor. Our structural and biochemical analyses uncover grass-unique pocket residues influencing ligand sensitivity and hydrolytic activity. Through structure-guided analysis, we identify a specific residue whose mutation enables the increase or decrease of ligand perception, catalytic activity, and signal transduction. Furthermore, we investigate OsKAI2-mediated signaling by examining its ability to form a complex with its binding partner, the F-box protein DWARF3 (D3) ubiquitin ligase and subsequent degradation of the target substrate OsSMAX1, demonstrating the significant role of hydrophobic interactions in the OsKAI2-D3 interface. This study provides new insights into the diverse and pivotal roles of the OsKAI2 signaling pathway in the plant kingdom, particularly in grasses.
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- 2024
11. Iteration over event space in time-to-first-spike spiking neural networks for Twitter bot classification
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Pabian, Mateusz, Rzepka, Dominik, and Pawlak, Mirosław
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Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
This study proposes a framework that extends existing time-coding time-to-first-spike spiking neural network (SNN) models to allow processing information changing over time. We explain spike propagation through a model with multiple input and output spikes at each neuron, as well as design training rules for end-to-end backpropagation. This strategy enables us to process information changing over time. The model is trained and evaluated on a Twitter bot detection task where the time of events (tweets and retweets) is the primary carrier of information. This task was chosen to evaluate how the proposed SNN deals with spike train data composed of hundreds of events occurring at timescales differing by almost five orders of magnitude. The impact of various parameters on model properties, performance and training-time stability is analyzed.
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- 2024
12. VELOcities of CEpheids (VELOCE) I. High-precision radial velocities of Cepheids
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Anderson, Richard I., Viviani, Giordano, Shetye, Shreeya S., Mowlavi, Nami, Eyer, Laurent, Palaversa, Lovro, Holl, Berry, Blanco-Cuaresma, Sergi, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Pawlak, Michał, Reyes, Mauricio Cruz, Khan, Saniya, Netzel, Henryka E., Löbling, Lisa, Pápics, Péter I., Postel, Andreas, Roelens, Maroussia, Spetsieri, Zoi T., Thoul, Anne, Zák, Jiří, Bonvin, Vivien, Martin, David V., Millon, Martin, Saesen, Sophie, Wyttenbach, Aurélien, Figueira, Pedro, Marmier, Maxime, Prins, Saskia, Raskin, Gert, and van Winckel, Hans
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
This first VELOCE data release comprises 18,225 high-precision RV measurements of 258 bona fide classical Cepheids on both hemispheres collected mainly between 2010 and 2022, alongside 1161 additional observations of 164 other stars. The median per-observation RV uncertainty is 0.037 km/s, and some reach 0.002 km/s. Non-variable standard stars characterize RV zero-point stability and provide a base for future cross-calibrations. We determined zero-point differences between VELOCE and 31 literature data sets using template fitting and measured linear period changes of 146 Cepheids. Seventy six spectroscopic binary Cepheids and 14 candidates are identified using VELOCE data alone and are investigated in detail in a companion paper (VELOCE II). Several new insights into Cepheid pulsations were obtained, including: a) the most detailed description of the Hertzsprung progression by RVs; b) the identification of double-peaked bumps in the RV curve; c) clear evidence that virtually all Cepheids feature spectroscopic variability signals that lead to modulated RV variability. We identified 36 such stars, of which 4 also exhibit orbital motion. Linear radius variations depend strongly on pulsation period and a steep increase in slope of the $\Delta$R/p versus logP-relation is found near 10d, challenging the existence of a tight relation between Baade-Wesselink projection factors and pulsation periods. We investigated the accuracy of RV time series measurements, v$_\gamma$, and RV amplitudes published in Gaia's DR3 and determined an average offset of 0.65 \pm 0.11 km/s relative to VELOCE. We recommend adopting a single set of template correlation parameters for distinct classes of large-amplitude variable stars to avoid systematic offsets in v$_\gamma$ among stars belonging to the same class. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of Gaia RVs exhibit significant (16%) dispersion compared to VELOCE. [abridged], Comment: A&A in press, 46 pages, 35 figures, 20 tables. Some data only available via the CDS at publication. VELOCE DR1 data will be made public in FITS format via zenodo.org at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10793507 upon publication of the paper in A&A
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- 2024
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13. Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry
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Gaia Collaboration, Panuzzo, P., Mazeh, T., Arenou, F., Holl, B., Caffau, E., Jorissen, A., Babusiaux, C., Gavras, P., Sahlmann, J., Bastian, U., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Eyer, L., Leclerc, N., Bauchet, N., Bombrun, A., Mowlavi, N., Seabroke, G. M., Teyssier, D., Balbinot, E., Helmi, A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Nicolas, C., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., Thévenin, F., van Leeuwen, F., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cacciari, C., Cánovas, H., Carrasco, J. M., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Ahmed, S., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baig, S., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bassilana, J. -L., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bratsolis, E., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Camut, A., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Guilarte, D. Capilla, Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Casey, A., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Ceraj, L., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chaudet, C., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Chosson, D., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Reyes, M. Cruz, Dafonte, C., Ponte, M. Dal, David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Denis, E., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Giacomo, F., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Serrano, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Kaczmarek, Z., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López-Miralles, J., Loup, C., Madarász, M., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marinoni, S., Marcellino, C. P., Marshall, D. J., Mascarenhas, D., Marchant, J. M., Lozano, J. Martín, Masip, A., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J. G. Marton, Merc, J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Mohamed, D., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Monti, L., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morris, D., Mudimadugula, R., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nardetto, N., Navarrete, C., Oh, S., Ordenovic, C., Orenstein, O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Pawlak, M., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Pinamonti, M., Plachy, E., Planquart, L., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., Pulone, L., Rabin, V., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robert, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Sarmiento, M. H., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Ségransan, D., Semczuk, M., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Slezak18, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tepper-Garcia, T., Thuillot, W., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Trentin, E., Tsantaki, M., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Valtchanov, I., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Villar, E., Weiler, M., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Župić, A., and Zwitter, T.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Gravitational waves from black-hole merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models - and also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars. Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors. As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions. The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70 \pm 0.82 M\odot BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc. The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known thus far. The low metallicity of the star companion supports the scenario that metal-poor massive stars are progenitors of the high-mass BHs detected by gravitational-wave telescopes. The Galactic orbit of the system and its metallicity indicate that it might belong to the Sequoia halo substructure. Alternatively, and more plausibly, it could belong to the ED-2 stream, which likely originated from a globular cluster that had been disrupted by the Milky Way., Comment: 23 pages, accepted fro publication in A&A Letters. New version with small fixes
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- 2024
- Full Text
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14. Genetic variants for head size share genes and pathways with cancer
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Knol, Maria J, Poot, Raymond A, Evans, Tavia E, Satizabal, Claudia L, Mishra, Aniket, Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, van der Auwera, Sandra, Duperron, Marie-Gabrielle, Jian, Xueqiu, Hostettler, Isabel C, van Dam-Nolen, Dianne HK, Lamballais, Sander, Pawlak, Mikolaj A, Lewis, Cora E, Carrion-Castillo, Amaia, van Erp, Theo GM, Reinbold, Céline S, Shin, Jean, Scholz, Markus, Håberg, Asta K, Kämpe, Anders, Li, Gloria HY, Avinun, Reut, Atkins, Joshua R, Hsu, Fang-Chi, Amod, Alyssa R, Lam, Max, Tsuchida, Ami, Teunissen, Mariël WA, Aygün, Nil, Patel, Yash, Liang, Dan, Beiser, Alexa S, Beyer, Frauke, Bis, Joshua C, Bos, Daniel, Bryan, R Nick, Bülow, Robin, Caspers, Svenja, Catheline, Gwenaëlle, Cecil, Charlotte AM, Dalvie, Shareefa, Dartigues, Jean-François, DeCarli, Charles, Enlund-Cerullo, Maria, Ford, Judith M, Franke, Barbara, Freedman, Barry I, Friedrich, Nele, Green, Melissa J, Haworth, Simon, Helmer, Catherine, Hoffmann, Per, Homuth, Georg, Ikram, M Kamran, Jack, Clifford R, Jahanshad, Neda, Jockwitz, Christiane, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Knodt, Annchen R, Li, Shuo, Lim, Keane, Longstreth, WT, Macciardi, Fabio, Consortium, The Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology, Amouyel, Philippe, Arfanakis, Konstantinos, Aribisala, Benjamin S, Bastin, Mark E, Chauhan, Ganesh, Chen, Christopher, Cheng, Ching-Yu, de Jager, Philip L, Deary, Ian J, Fleischman, Debra A, Gottesman, Rebecca F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hilal, Saima, Hofer, Edith, Janowitz, Deborah, Jukema, J Wouter, Liewald, David CM, Lopez, Lorna M, Lopez, Oscar, Luciano, Michelle, Martinez, Oliver, Niessen, Wiro J, Nyquist, Paul, Rotter, Jerome I, Rundek, Tatjana, Sacco, Ralph L, Schmidt, Helena, Tiemeier, Henning, Trompet, Stella, van der Grond, Jeroen, Völzke, Henry, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Yanek, Lisa, Yang, Jingyun, and Consortium, The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Biotechnology ,Neurosciences ,Stem Cell Research ,Genetics ,Cancer ,Human Genome ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Neurological ,Humans ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Head ,Neoplasms ,Female ,Male ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Genetic Variation ,Organ Size ,Signal Transduction ,Adult ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium ,Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium ,cancer ,genetics ,genome-wide association study ,head circumference ,head size ,intracranial volume ,meta-analysis ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
The size of the human head is highly heritable, but genetic drivers of its variation within the general population remain unmapped. We perform a genome-wide association study on head size (N = 80,890) and identify 67 genetic loci, of which 50 are novel. Neuroimaging studies show that 17 variants affect specific brain areas, but most have widespread effects. Gene set enrichment is observed for various cancers and the p53, Wnt, and ErbB signaling pathways. Genes harboring lead variants are enriched for macrocephaly syndrome genes (37-fold) and high-fidelity cancer genes (9-fold), which is not seen for human height variants. Head size variants are also near genes preferentially expressed in intermediate progenitor cells, neural cells linked to evolutionary brain expansion. Our results indicate that genes regulating early brain and cranial growth incline to neoplasia later in life, irrespective of height. This warrants investigation of clinical implications of the link between head size and cancer.
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- 2024
15. Advancing Neuromorphic Computing: Mixed-Signal Design Techniques Leveraging Brain Code Units and Fundamental Code Units
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Isik, Murat, Miziev, Sols, Pawlak, Wiktoria, and Howard, Newton
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Computer Science - Hardware Architecture ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing - Abstract
This paper introduces a groundbreaking digital neuromorphic architecture that innovatively integrates Brain Code Unit (BCU) and Fundamental Code Unit (FCU) using mixedsignal design methodologies. Leveraging open-source datasets and the latest advances in materials science, our research focuses on enhancing the computational efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability of neuromorphic systems. The core of our approach lies in harmonizing the precision and scalability of digital systems with the robustness and energy efficiency of analog processing. Through experimentation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our system across various metrics. The BCU achieved an accuracy of 88.0% and a power efficiency of 20.0 GOP/s/W, while the FCU recorded an accuracy of 86.5% and a power efficiency of 18.5 GOP/s/W. Our mixed-signal design approach significantly improved latency and throughput, achieving a latency as low as 0.75 ms and throughput up to 213 TOP/s. These results firmly establish the potential of our architecture in neuromorphic computing, providing a solid foundation for future developments in this domain. Our study underscores the feasibility of mixedsignal neuromorphic systems and their promise in advancing the field, particularly in applications requiring high efficiency and adaptability, Comment: Accepted at 2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks
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- 2024
16. The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) Science White Paper
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Mainieri, Vincenzo, Anderson, Richard I., Brinchmann, Jarle, Cimatti, Andrea, Ellis, Richard S., Hill, Vanessa, Kneib, Jean-Paul, McLeod, Anna F., Opitom, Cyrielle, Roth, Martin M., Sanchez-Saez, Paula, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Tolstoy, Eline, Bacon, Roland, Randich, Sofia, Adamo, Angela, Annibali, Francesca, Arevalo, Patricia, Audard, Marc, Barsanti, Stefania, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Aran, Amelia M. Bayo, Belfiore, Francesco, Bellazzini, Michele, Bellini, Emilio, Beltran, Maria Teresa, Berni, Leda, Bianchi, Simone, Biazzo, Katia, Bisero, Sofia, Bisogni, Susanna, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Blondin, Stephane, Bodensteiner, Julia, Boffin, Henri M. J., Bonito, Rosaria, Bono, Giuseppe, Bouche, Nicolas F., Bowman, Dominic, Braga, Vittorio F., Bragaglia, Angela, Branchesi, Marica, Brucalassi, Anna, Bryant, Julia J., Bryson, Ian, Busa, Innocenza, Camera, Stefano, Carbone, Carmelita, Casali, Giada, Casali, Mark, Casasola, Viviana, Castro, Norberto, Catelan, Marcio, Cavallo, Lorenzo, Chiappini, Cristina, Cioni, Maria-Rosa, Colless, Matthew, Colzi, Laura, Contarini, Sofia, Couch, Warrick, D'Ammando, Filippo, D., William d'Assignies, D'Orazi, Valentina, da Silva, Ronaldo, Dainotti, Maria Giovanna, Damiani, Francesco, Danielski, Camilla, De Cia, Annalisa, de Jong, Roelof S., Dhawan, Suhail, Dierickx, Philippe, Driver, Simon P., Dupletsa, Ulyana, Escoffier, Stephanie, Escorza, Ana, Fabrizio, Michele, Fiorentino, Giuliana, Fontana, Adriano, Fontani, Francesco, Sanchez, Daniel Forero, Franois, Patrick, Galindo-Guil, Francisco Jose, Gallazzi, Anna Rita, Galli, Daniele, Garcia, Miriam, Garcia-Rojas, Jorge, Garilli, Bianca, Grand, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Hazra, Nandini, Helmi, Amina, Herrero, Artemio, Iglesias, Daniela, Ilic, Dragana, Irsic, Vid, Ivanov, Valentin D., Izzo, Luca, Jablonka, Pascale, Joachimi, Benjamin, Kakkad, Darshan, Kamann, Sebastian, Koposov, Sergey, Kordopatis, Georges, Kovacevic, Andjelka B., Kraljic, Katarina, Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo, Kwon, Yuna, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lahav, Ofer, Laigle, Clotilde, Lazzarin, Monica, Leaman, Ryan, Leclercq, Floriane, Lee, Khee-Gan, Lee, David, Lehnert, Matt D., Lira, Paulina, Loffredo, Eleonora, Lucatello, Sara, Magrini, Laura, Maguire, Kate, Mahler, Guillaume, Majidi, Fatemeh Zahra, Malavasi, Nicola, Mannucci, Filippo, Marconi, Marcella, Martin, Nicolas, Marulli, Federico, Massari, Davide, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Mattheee, Jorryt, McGee, Sean, Merc, Jaroslav, Merle, Thibault, Miglio, Andrea, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minchev, Ivan, Minniti, Dante, Miret-Roig, Nuria, Ibero, Ana Monreal, Montano, Federico, Montet, Ben T., Moresco, Michele, Moretti, Chiara, Moscardini, Lauro, Moya, Andres, Mueller, Oliver, Nanayakkara, Themiya, Nicholl, Matt, Nordlander, Thomas, Onori, Francesca, Padovani, Marco, Pala, Anna Francesca, Panda, Swayamtrupta, Pandey-Pommier, Mamta, Pasquini, Luca, Pawlak, Michal, Pessi, Priscila J., Pisani, Alice, Popovic, Lukav C., Prisinzano, Loredana, Raddi, Roberto, Rainer, Monica, Rebassa-Mansergas, Alberto, Richard, Johan, Rigault, Mickael, Rocher, Antoine, Romano, Donatella, Rosati, Piero, Sacco, Germano, Sanchez-Janssen, Ruben, Sander, Andreas A. C., Sanders, Jason L., Sargent, Mark, Sarpa, Elena, Schimd, Carlo, Schipani, Pietro, Sefusatti, Emiliano, Smith, Graham P., Spina, Lorenzo, Steinmetz, Matthias, Tacchella, Sandro, Tautvaisiene, Grazina, Theissen, Christopher, Thomas, Guillaume, Ting, Yuan-Sen, Travouillon, Tony, Tresse, Laurence, Trivedi, Oem, Tsantaki, Maria, Tsedrik, Maria, Urrutia, Tanya, Valenti, Elena, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, Van Eck, Sophie, Verdiani, Francesco, Verdier, Aurelien, Vergani, Susanna Diana, Verhamme, Anne, Vernet, Joel, Verza, Giovanni, Viel, Matteo, Vielzeuf, Pauline, Vietri, Giustina, Vink, Jorick S., Vazquez, Carlos Viscasillas, Wang, Hai-Feng, Weilbacher, Peter M., Wendt, Martin, Wright, Nicholas, Ye, Quanzhi, Yeche, Christophe, Yu, Jiaxi, Zafar, Tayyaba, Zibetti, Stefano, Ziegler, Bodo, and Zinchenko, Igor
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) is proposed as a new facility dedicated to the efficient delivery of spectroscopic surveys. This white paper summarises the initial concept as well as the corresponding science cases. WST will feature simultaneous operation of a large field-of-view (3 sq. degree), a high multiplex (20,000) multi-object spectrograph (MOS) and a giant 3x3 sq. arcmin integral field spectrograph (IFS). In scientific capability these requirements place WST far ahead of existing and planned facilities. Given the current investment in deep imaging surveys and noting the diagnostic power of spectroscopy, WST will fill a crucial gap in astronomical capability and work synergistically with future ground and space-based facilities. This white paper shows that WST can address outstanding scientific questions in the areas of cosmology; galaxy assembly, evolution, and enrichment, including our own Milky Way; origin of stars and planets; time domain and multi-messenger astrophysics. WST's uniquely rich dataset will deliver unforeseen discoveries in many of these areas. The WST Science Team (already including more than 500 scientists worldwide) is open to the all astronomical community. To register in the WST Science Team please visit https://www.wstelescope.com/for-scientists/participate, Comment: 194 pages, 66 figures. Comments are welcome (wstelescope@gmail.com)
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- 2024
17. Iterative assembly of $^{171}$Yb atom arrays with cavity-enhanced optical lattices
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Norcia, M. A., Kim, H., Cairncross, W. B., Stone, M., Ryou, A., Jaffe, M., Brown, M. O., Barnes, K., Battaglino, P., Bohdanowicz, T. C., Brown, A., Cassella, K., Chen, C. -A., Coxe, R., Crow, D., Epstein, J., Griger, C., Halperin, E., Hummel, F., Jones, A. M. W., Kindem, J. M., King, J., Kotru, K., Lauigan, J., Li, M., Lu, M., Megidish, E., Marjanovic, J., McDonald, M., Mittiga, T., Muniz, J. A., Narayanaswami, S., Nishiguchi, C., Paule, T., Pawlak, K. A., Peng, L. S., Pudenz, K. L., Perez, D. Rodriguez, Smull, A., Stack, D., Urbanek, M., van de Veerdonk, R. J. M., Vendeiro, Z., Wadleigh, L., Wilkason, T., Wu, T. -Y., Xie, X., Zalys-Geller, E., Zhang, X., and Bloom, B. J.
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Quantum Physics ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
Assembling and maintaining large arrays of individually addressable atoms is a key requirement for continued scaling of neutral-atom-based quantum computers and simulators. In this work, we demonstrate a new paradigm for assembly of atomic arrays, based on a synergistic combination of optical tweezers and cavity-enhanced optical lattices, and the incremental filling of a target array from a repetitively filled reservoir. In this protocol, the tweezers provide microscopic rearrangement of atoms, while the cavity-enhanced lattices enable the creation of large numbers of optical traps with sufficient depth for rapid low-loss imaging of atoms. We apply this protocol to demonstrate near-deterministic filling (99% per-site occupancy) of 1225-site arrays of optical traps. Because the reservoir is repeatedly filled with fresh atoms, the array can be maintained in a filled state indefinitely. We anticipate that this protocol will be compatible with mid-circuit reloading of atoms into a quantum processor, which will be a key capability for running large-scale error-corrected quantum computations whose durations exceed the lifetime of a single atom in the system., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
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- 2024
18. Spatial Analysis and Synthesis Methods: Subjective and Objective Evaluations Using Various Microphone Arrays in the Auralization of a Critical Listening Room
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Pawlak, Alan, Lee, Hyunkook, Mäkivirta, Aki, and Lund, Thomas
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
Parametric sound field synthesis methods, such as the Spatial Decomposition Method (SDM) and Higher-Order Spatial Impulse Response Rendering (HO-SIRR), are widely used for the analysis and auralization of sound fields. This paper studies the performances of various sound field synthesis methods in the context of the auralization of a critical listening room. The influence on the perceived spatial and timbral fidelity of the following factors is considered: the rendering framework, direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method, microphone array structure, and use of a dedicated center reference microphone with SDM. Listening tests compare the synthesized sound fields to a reference binaural rendering condition. Several acoustic parameters are measured to gain insights into objective differences between methods. A high-quality pressure microphone improves the SDM framework's timbral fidelity. Additionally, SDM and HO-SIRR show similarities in spatial fidelity. Performance variation between SDM configurations is influenced by the DOA estimation method and microphone array construction. The binaural SDM (BSDM) presentations display temporal artifacts impacting sound quality., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
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- 2024
19. Microwave transitions in atomic sodium: Radiometry and polarimetry using the sodium layer
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Pawlak, Mariusz, Schoen, Eve L., Albert, Justin E., and Sadeghpour, H. R.
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Physics - Atomic Physics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
We calculate, via variational techniques, single- and two-photon Rydberg microwave transitions, as well as scalar and tensor polarizabilities of sodium atom using the parametric one-electron valence potential, including the spin-orbit coupling. The trial function is expanded in a basis set of optimized Slater-type orbitals, resulting in highly accurate and converged eigen-energies up to $n=60$. We focus our studies on the microwave band 90-150 GHz, due to its relevance to laser excitation in the Earth's upper-atmospheric sodium layer for wavelength-dependent radiometry and polarimetry, as precise microwave polarimetry in this band is an important source of systematic uncertainty in searches for signatures of primordial gravitational waves within the anisotropic polarization pattern of photons from the cosmic microwave background. We present the most efficient transition coefficients in this range, as well as the scalar and tensor polarizabilities compared with available experimental and theoretical data.
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- 2024
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20. Probing charge redistribution at the interface of self-assembled cyclo-P5 pentamers on Ag(111)
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Chahib, Outhmane, Yin, Yulin, Liu, Jung-Ching, Li, Chao, Glatzel, Thilo, Ding, Feng, Yuan, Qinghong, Meyer, Ernst, and Pawlak, Rémy
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Phosphorus pentamer (cyclo-P5-) ions are unstable in nature but can be synthesized at the Ag(111) surface. Unlike monolayer black phosphorous, little is known about their electronic properties when in contact with metal electrodes, although this is crucial for future applications. Here we characterize the atomic structure of cyclo-P5 assembled on Ag(111) using atomic force microscopy with functionalized tips and density functional theory. Combining force and tunneling spectroscopy, we find that a strong charge transfer induces an inward dipole moment at the cyclo-P5/Ag interface as well as the formation of an interface state. We probe the image potential states by field-effect resonant tunneling and quantify the increase of the local change of work function of 0.46 eV at the cyclo-P5 assembly. Our results suggest that the high-quality of the cyclo-P5/Ag interface might serve as a prototypical system for electric contacts in phosphorus-based semiconductor devices., Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures
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- 2024
21. Separating the Material and Geometry Contribution to the Circular Dichroism of Chiral Objects Made from Chiral Media
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Rebholz, Lukas, Krstić, Marjan, Zerulla, Benedikt, Pawlak, Mateusz, Lewandowski, Wiktor, Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan, and Rockstuhl, Carsten
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Physics - Optics - Abstract
The chirality of an object can be studied by measuring the circular dichroism, that is, the difference in absorption of light with different helicity. The chiral optical response of an object, however, can have two different origins. On the one hand, it can be linked to the chiral geometry of the object. On the other hand, it can be linked to the chiral material from which the object is made. Whereas previously, no distinction between the two contributions could be made, we report here a computational approach that allows us to separate these two contributions to the circular dichroism of an object. We consider separately the cases where geometry-related resonances affect the optical response and where they are absent. In both cases, we find the circular dichroism to be easily decomposable if a geometrically achiral object has a similar absorption spectrum to the chiral object under investigation. Furthermore, in the non-resonant case, the contribution attributed to the material can be obtained without taking any geometry into account. Besides being of fundamental importance, the possibility of disentangling both contributions will be important for guiding the future design of chiral objects and devices.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
22. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta expression in different canine cancer types with an emphasis on hematopoietic malignancies
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Bugiel-Stabla, Katarzyna, Agnoli, Chiara, and Pawlak, Aleksandra
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- 2024
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23. A Longitudinal Analysis of Informal Digital Learning of English, Willingness to Communicate and Foreign Language Boredom: A Latent Change Score Mediation Model
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Taherian, Tahereh, Shirvan, Majid Elahi, Yazdanmehr, Elham, Kruk, Mariusz, and Pawlak, Mirosław
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- 2024
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24. Transient dynamics of polymer emulsification inside a twin-screw extruder: effect on process stability and particle size distribution
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Arefi, A., Thompson, M. R., Pawlak, J. L., Cheng, C.-M., and Lawton, D. J. W.
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- 2024
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25. Drivers of zooplankton dispersal in a pond metacommunity
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Parry, Victor, Kiemel, Katrin, Pawlak, Julia, Eccard, Jana, Tiedemann, Ralph, and Weithoff, Guntram
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- 2024
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26. When Time Matters: Mechanisms of Change in a Mediational Model of Foreign Language Playfulness and L2 Learners' Emotions Using Latent Change Score Mediation Models
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Kruk, Mariusz, Pawlak, Miroslaw, Taherian, Tahereh, Yüce, Erkan, Shirvan, Majid Elahi, and Barabadi, Elyas
- Abstract
In a dynamic system, time-dependent links "between" affective factors can provide more information than the level of response "within" a single isolated system. In the present study, influenced by the positive psychology movement and the complex dynamic systems theory in the domain of second language acquisition, first, we dealt with change in terms of short-term dynamics and long-term trajectories of foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language boredom (FLB), and foreign language playfulness (FLP) in a sample of 636 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) using univariant latent change score (LCS) models. Then, we explored the developmental processes involved in how changes in FLE and FLP were associated with changes in FLB. In particular, we tested mediation models to see whether the growth of FLP acts as a mediator between FLE and FLB changes in a multivariant LCS mediation (LCSM) model. The findings showed that (a) in a multivariant LCS model, FLE and FLP increases independently predicted decreases in FLB over time and (b) the growth of FLP acted as a mediator between variation in FLE and FLB. Participants showed interindividual and intraindividual divergences in their L2 emotions, not just on the first time of measurement, but also in short-term dynamics and long-term trajectories. The findings facilitate understanding of the complicated mechanism of variation in L2 emotions, thus potentially contributing to enhancement of pedagogical practices and learning outcomes.
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- 2023
27. Critical ultrasonic propagation in magnetic fields
- Author
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Pawlak, A.
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Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Effect of an external magnetic field on the critical sound attenuation and velocity of the longitudinal wave is studied in ferromagnets. We derive a parametric model that incorporates a crossover from the asymptotic critical behavior to the Landau-Ginzburg regular behavior far away from the critical point. The dynamics is based on the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model with non conserved order parameter (model A). The variations of the sound attenuation coefficient and velocity have been obtained for arbitrary values of the magnetic field and reduced temperature. The scaling functions are given within the renormalization group formalism at one-loop order. Using MnP as an example, we show that such parametric crossover model yields an accurate description of ultrasonic data in a large region of temperatures and magnetic fields around the critical point., Comment: 19 pages,7 figures
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- 2023
28. Investigating the Long Secondary Period Phenomenon with the ASAS-SN and Gaia data
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Pawlak, Michal, Trabucchi, Michele, Eyer, Laurent, and Mowlavi, Nami
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
The aim of this work is to create a complete list of sources exhibiting a long secondary period (LSP) in the ASAS-SN catalog of variable stars, and analyze the properties of this sample compared to other long period variables without LSP. We use the period-amplitude diagram to identify the 55572 stars showing an LSP, corresponding to 27% of the pulsating red giants in the catalog. We use the astrometric data from Gaia DR3 and the spectroscopic data provided by the APOGEE, GALAH, and RAVE surveys to investigate the statistical properties of the sample. We find that stars displaying an LSP have a spatial distribution that is more dispersed than the non-LSP giants, suggesting that they belong to an older population. Spectroscopically-derived ages seem to confirm this. The stars with an LSP also appear to be different in terms of C/O ratio from their non-LSP counterparts., Comment: Submitted to A&A
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- 2023
29. Quantum Subspace Correction for Constraints
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Pawlak, Kelly Ann, Epstein, Jeffrey M., Crow, Daniel, Gandhari, Srilekha, Li, Ming, Bohdanowicz, Thomas C., and King, Jonathan
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
We demonstrate that it is possible to construct operators that stabilize the constraint-satisfying subspaces of computational problems in their Ising representations. We provide an explicit recipe to construct unitaries and associated measurements given a set of constraints. The stabilizer measurements allow the detection of constraint violations, and provide a route to recovery back into the constrained subspace. We call this technique ''quantum subspace correction". As an example, we explicitly investigate the stabilizers using the simplest local constraint subspace: Independent Set. We find an algorithm that is guaranteed to produce a perfect uniform or weighted distribution over all constraint-satisfying states when paired with a stopping condition: a quantum analogue of partial rejection sampling. The stopping condition can be modified for sub-graph approximations. We show that it can prepare exact Gibbs distributions on $d-$regular graphs below a critical hardness $\lambda_d^*$ in sub-linear time. Finally, we look at a potential use of quantum subspace correction for fault-tolerant depth-reduction. In particular we investigate how the technique detects and recovers errors induced by Trotterization in preparing maximum independent set using an adiabatic state preparation algorithm., Comment: 12 + 4 pages, 6 figures
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- 2023
30. Gate-tunable topological superconductivity in a supramolecular electron spin lattice
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Pawlak, Rémy, Liu, Jung-Ching, Li, Chao, Hess, Richard, Chen, Hongyan, Drechsel, Carl, Zhou, Ping, Häner, Robert, Aschauer, Ulrich, Glatzel, Thilo, Decurtins, Silvio, Loss, Daniel, Klinovaja, Jelena, Liu, Shi-Xia, Wulfhekel, Wulf, and Meyer, Ernst
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
Topological superconductivity emerges in chains or arrays of magnetic atoms coupled to a superconductor. However, the external controllability of such systems with gate voltages is detrimental for their future implementation in a topological quantum computer. Here we showcase the supramolecular assembly of radical molecules on Pb(111), whose discharge is controlled by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. Charged molecules carry a spin-1/2 state, as confirmed by observing Yu-Shiba-Rusinov in-gap states by tunneling spectroscopy at millikelvin temperature. Low energy modes are localized at island boundaries with a long decay towards the interior, whose spectral signature is consistent with Majorana zero modes protected by mirror symmetry. Our results open up a vast playground for the synthesis of gate-tunable organic topological superconductors., Comment: 21 pages 5 figures
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- 2023
31. Bucks for Buckets (B4B): Active Defenses Against Stealing Encoders
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Dubiński, Jan, Pawlak, Stanisław, Boenisch, Franziska, Trzciński, Tomasz, and Dziedzic, Adam
- Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) APIs provide ready-to-use and high-utility encoders that generate vector representations for given inputs. Since these encoders are very costly to train, they become lucrative targets for model stealing attacks during which an adversary leverages query access to the API to replicate the encoder locally at a fraction of the original training costs. We propose Bucks for Buckets (B4B), the first active defense that prevents stealing while the attack is happening without degrading representation quality for legitimate API users. Our defense relies on the observation that the representations returned to adversaries who try to steal the encoder's functionality cover a significantly larger fraction of the embedding space than representations of legitimate users who utilize the encoder to solve a particular downstream task.vB4B leverages this to adaptively adjust the utility of the returned representations according to a user's coverage of the embedding space. To prevent adaptive adversaries from eluding our defense by simply creating multiple user accounts (sybils), B4B also individually transforms each user's representations. This prevents the adversary from directly aggregating representations over multiple accounts to create their stolen encoder copy. Our active defense opens a new path towards securely sharing and democratizing encoders over public APIs., Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS2023
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- 2023
32. Anisotropic transport and Negative Resistance in a polycrystalline metal-semiconductor (Ni-TiO2) hybrid
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G, Harikrishnan, Chattopadhyay, Shashwata, Bandopadhyay, K., Kolodziejak, K., Pawlak, Dorota A., and Mitra, J.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
We investigate anomalous electrical transport properties of a Ni-TiO2 hybrid system displaying a unique nanostructured morphology. The system undergoes an insulator to metal transition below 150 K with a low temperature metallic phase that shows negative resistance in a four-probe configuration. Temperature dependent transport measurements and numerical modelling show that the anomalies originate from the dendritic architecture of the TiO2 backbone interspersed with Ni nanoparticles that paradoxically renders this polycrystalline, heterogeneous system highly anisotropic. The study critiques inferences that may be drawn from four-probe transport measurements and offers valuable insights into modelling conductivity of anisotropic hybrid materials.
- Published
- 2023
33. A Longitudinal Study of the Subdomains of Boredom in Practical English Language Classes in an Online Setting: A Factor of Curves Latent Growth Modeling
- Author
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Mariusz Kruk, Majid Elahi Shirvan, Miroslaw Pawlak, Tahereh Taherian, and Elham Yazdanmehr
- Abstract
In this study we used a factor of curves model (FCM) to examine the co-development of the subdomains of boredom in practical English language classes in an online setting (BPELC) over time in four phases of an online L2 course to explore the covariance of the initial level and slope of the sub-domains, as well as to check to what extent the variation in these subdomains can be accounted by the underpinning global factor of BPELC. Data were collected from 412 adult EFL learners on four temporal occasions via the "Boredom in Practical English Classes--Revised scale," created by Pawlak et al. (2020a). Analysis was conducted by Mplus in three stages. Findings revealed a statically significant decrease over time in both subdomains. Also, a negative covariance was uncovered between the initial level and the growth level of each subdomain. Moreover, the covariances between the initial and growth levels of both subdomains were moderately high. Finally, the variances of the initial and growth levels of each of the subdomains were accounted for to a great extent by the underpinning global factor of BPELC. The results are interpreted in view of the underlying theories of boredom.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Comparative Study of Light Sources for Household
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Pawlak Andrzej and Zalesińska Małgorzata
- Subjects
bulb’s replacement ,photometric ,colorimetric and electric parameters light sources ,light-emitting diode (led) ,light sources for household ,Production management. Operations management ,TS155-194 - Abstract
The article describes test results that provided the ground to define and evaluate basic photometric, colorimetric and electric parameters of selected, widely available light sources, which are equivalent to a traditional incandescent 60-Watt light bulb. Overall, one halogen light bulb, three compact fluorescent lamps and eleven LED light sources were tested. In general, it was concluded that in most cases (branded products, in particular) the measured and calculated parameters differ from the values declared by manufacturers only to a small degree. LED sources prove to be the most beneficial substitute for traditional light bulbs, considering both their operational parameters and their price, which is comparable with the price of compact fluorescent lamps or, in some instances, even lower.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the L2 Savoring Beliefs Inventory
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Elahi Shirvan, Majid, Taherian, Tahereh, Kruk, Mariusz, and Pawlak, Mirosław
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Influence of Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of P2Y12 Receptor on the Safety and Efficacy of Antiplatelet Drugs
- Author
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Danielak, Dorota, Pawlak, Kornel, Główka, Franciszek, and Karaźniewicz-Łada, Marta
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Preference of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) and biochemical analysis of different genetic materials of Eucalyptus
- Author
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Pawlak, Igor Gallo, Dallacort, Sidinei, Paloschi, Cristiane Lurdes, Brun, Eleandro José, Colombo, Fernanda Caroline, Maciel, Rodrigo Mendes Antunes, Abati, Raiza, Cechim, Flavio Endrigo, Lozano, Everton Ricardi, Mazaro, Sérgio Miguel, and Potrich, Michele
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Abelson Helper Integration Site 1 haplotypes and peripheral blood expression associates with lithium response and immunomodulation in bipolar patients
- Author
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Sakrajda, Kosma, Bilska, Karolina, Czerski, Piotr M., Narożna, Beata, Dmitrzak-Węglarz, Monika, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Brockschmidt, Felix F., Herms, Stefan, Nöthen, Markus M., Cichon, Sven, Więckowska, Barbara, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Pawlak, Joanna, and Szczepankiewicz, Aleksandra
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Perceptions of parenting among parents who regret having a child: A mixed-methods study
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Piotrowski, Konrad, Naude, Luzelle, Sanna, Katarzyna, Szramka-Pawlak, Beata, Kwarcinska, Karolina, and Dzielinska, Michalina
- Published
- 2024
40. Anomalous Photoresponse in a Reduced Metal-Semiconductor Hybrid of Nickel and Titanium Oxide
- Author
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G., Harikrishnan, Bandopadhyay, K., Kolodziejak, K., Kamble, Vinayak B., Pawlak, Dorota A., and Mitra, J.
- Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Eutectic NiTiO$_3$-TiO$_2$ samples and their H$_2$ reduced Ni-TiO$_2$ samples, where high aspect ratio TiO$_2$ nanostructures are axially decorated with nodular Ni globules, are thoroughly explored to understand their effect in photo-response. We show that by employing this novel eutectic architecture, effectively exploiting the nano-structuring process along with the chosen material properties, the overall efficiency of the ensuing photoactive device is improved. We also show the competing photo-driven and photothermal-driven carrier mechanisms to define the total photo-response of the system. Additionally, the ability to function self-powered poses this approach as a potential strategy for achieving efficient photodetectors.
- Published
- 2023
41. Bayes Risk Consistency of Nonparametric Classification Rules for Spike Trains Data
- Author
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Pawlak, Mirosław, Pabian, Mateusz, and Rzepka, Dominik
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Computer Science - Information Theory ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition - Abstract
Spike trains data find a growing list of applications in computational neuroscience, imaging, streaming data and finance. Machine learning strategies for spike trains are based on various neural network and probabilistic models. The probabilistic approach is relying on parametric or nonparametric specifications of the underlying spike generation model. In this paper we consider the two-class statistical classification problem for a class of spike train data characterized by nonparametrically specified intensity functions. We derive the optimal Bayes rule and next form the plug-in nonparametric kernel classifier. Asymptotical properties of the rules are established including the limit with respect to the increasing recording time interval and the size of a training set. In particular the convergence of the kernel classifier to the Bayes rule is proved. The obtained results are supported by a finite sample simulation studies.
- Published
- 2023
42. Dose-dependent exposure to indoxyl sulfate alters AHR signaling, sirtuins gene expression, oxidative DNA damage, and bone mineral status in rats
- Author
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Karbowska, Malgorzata, Pawlak, Krystyna, Sieklucka, Beata, Domaniewski, Tomasz, Lebkowska, Urszula, Zawadzki, Radoslaw, and Pawlak, Dariusz
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Van Krevelen diagrams based on machine learning visualize feedstock-product relationships in thermal conversion processes.
- Author
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Wang, Shule, Wang, Yiying, Shi, Ziyi, Sun, Kang, Wen, Yuming, Niedzwiecki, Lukasz, Pan, Ruming, Xu, Yongdong, Zaini, Ilman, Jagodzińska, Katarzyna, Aragon-Briceno, Christian, Tang, Chuchu, Onsree, Thossaporn, Tippayawong, Nakorn, Pawlak-Kruczek, Halina, Jönsson, Pär, Yang, Weihong, Jiang, Jianchun, Kawi, Sibudjing, and Wang, Chi-Hwa
- Abstract
Feedstock properties play a crucial role in thermal conversion processes, where understanding the influence of these properties on treatment performance is essential for optimizing both feedstock selection and the overall process. In this study, a series of van Krevelen diagrams were generated to illustrate the impact of H/C and O/C ratios of feedstock on the products obtained from six commonly used thermal conversion techniques: torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrothermal gasification, pyrolysis, and gasification. Machine learning methods were employed, utilizing data, methods, and results from corresponding studies in this field. Furthermore, the reliability of the constructed van Krevelen diagrams was analyzed to assess their dependability. The van Krevelen diagrams developed in this work systematically provide visual representations of the relationships between feedstock and products in thermal conversion processes, thereby aiding in optimizing the selection of feedstock and the choice of thermal conversion technique.
- Published
- 2023
44. The relationship between brain structure volumes, depressive symptoms and body composition in obese/overweight and normal-/underweight women
- Author
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Lidia Łapińska, Aleksandra Szum-Jakubowska, Anna Krentowska, Mikołaj Pawlak, Marcin Hładuński, Napoleon Waszkiewicz, Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska, Karol Kamiński, and Irina Kowalska
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and heterogeneous in women. Different brain structures might be associated with depressive symptoms and body composition in women with obesity/overweight and normal-/underweight, although the data is limited. The analysis included 265 women from Bialystok PLUS population study, untreated with antidepressive or antipsychotic medications. The subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and body composition analysis. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score was inversely associated with nucleus accumbens volume (β = −0.217, p = 0.008) in women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, but with insula volume (β = −0.147, p = 0.027) in women with BMI
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Longevity of Polish top-class athletes compared to other social elites and well-known people in the years 2001–2021
- Author
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Witold Śmigielski, Łukasz Małek, Magdalena Kwaśniewska, Robert Gajda, Katarzyna Pawlak-Sobczak, Karol Korczak, Alicja Cicha-Mikołajczyk, Aleksandra Piwońska, Jerzy Piwoński, Janusz Śmigielski, and Wojciech Drygas
- Subjects
poland ,lifespan ,athletes ,longevity ,premature mortality ,elites ,Medicine - Abstract
Objectives The aim of this work is to initiate or revive a scientific discussion on the impact of professional life on the parameters of human lifespan. Material and Methods Presented analysis is based on 8578 Polish elite or well-known person who died in 2001–2021. Results The results of the conducted analysis indicate that in the case of men the highest values of the median age at death were characteristic of freelancers (median [Me] ± quartile deviation [QD] 85.5±8.5 years), followed by scientists and academic teachers of the biological and medical specialty (Me±QD 84.0±7.5 years) and officers of power structures (Me±QD 83.5±8.5 years). Subsequently, the highest value of the median age at death was recorded for social activists (Me±QD 83.0±9.5 years), clergy (Me±QD 82.0±7.5 years) and scientists and academic teachers of specialties other than biological and medical (Me±QD 82.0±8.0 years). Significantly, at the very end of this list are athletes (Me±QD 77.0±9.0 years). Nevertheless, the results of the analysis confirm that professional athletes are characterized by higher median age at death compared to the general population. Analysis made only within athletes group demonstrated that the parameters of lifespan of athletes of endurance disciplines (Me±QD 78.0±8.0 years) are the most favorable compared to athletes of other disciplines, in particular in compare to team sports athletes (Me±QD 75.0±10.0 years) or combat sports athletes (Me±QD 75.0±7.1 years). Conclusions What is new and innovative in this paper is comparing the lifespan characteristics of athletes in comparison to widely represented group of other professions with higher socio-economic status. Unexpectedly, the lifespan of athletes occurred to be lower than for fast all other analyzed occupational groups, except mainly of entertainment musicians. Finally, the results presented in this paper emphasize the need to analyze the lifespan characteristics of athletes in a broader scope than only in relation to the general population. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2024;37(3):335–50
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Fibrin clot permeability (Ks) in patients on left ventricular assist device
- Author
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Agnieszka Kuczaj, Michał Skrzypek, Bartosz Hudzik, Jacek Kaczmarski, Szymon Pawlak, Tomasz Hrapkowicz, and Piotr Przybyłowski
- Subjects
Heart failure ,Left ventricular assist device ,Fibrin clot permeability ,Ks ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Patients on left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are prone to excessive hemostasis disturbances due to permanent contact of artificial pump surfaces with blood components. We aimed to investigate if fibrin clot permeability is altered in patients on long-term continuous-flow LVAD therapy and if the clot permeability is associated with clinical characteristics and adverse events. We investigated 85 end-stage heart failure patients (90.6% men, age 48.6–63.8 years) scheduled for continuous flow long-term LVAD support according to current clinical indications. The patients were assessed periodically: prior to LVAD implantation (T1), 3–6 months (T2) after LVAD implantation, 6–12 months after (T3) and then every 6 months. We tested the first three blood samples (T1-T3) and the last available blood sample (T4), but no longer than 5 years after LVAD implantation. We assessed hemostasis parameters (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Fibrinogen, d-dimer, Antithrombin, Thrombin Time, Factor VIII, and von Willebrand Factor, aspirin-induced platelet inhibition, adenosine-diphosphate test) changes during the study period. Fibrin Clot Permeability was evaluated using a pressure system and Permeability Coefficient (Ks) was calculated. We observed a decrease in fibrin clot permeability (Ks) between T1, T2, T3 and T4 time periods; P 0.001, however cumulative measurements in patients on aspirin showed shortening of Ks in this group P = 0.0123. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) occurred in 36.5% patients, bleeding events in 25.9%, Net Adverse Clinical Events (NACE) in 62.4%; 31.7% patients died, and 17.6% underwent transplantation. The transplantation was considered as the endpoint. Discrepancies in Ks were observed between patients with MACCE, bleeding, and NACE, and patients without adverse events. Ks showed a constant trend towards normalization (P
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Antropologia technologii jako antropologia przyszłości
- Author
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Ada Florentyna Pawlak
- Subjects
futurologia antropologiczna ,humanika ,cyberpsychologia ,transhumanizm ,antropologia technologii ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,Folklore ,GR1-950 - Abstract
Artykuł omawia rolę antropologii technologii jako dyscypliny badawczej zorientowanej na przyszłość. Analizuje wpływ technologii, zwłaszcza transhumanistycznych idei, na kondycję współczesnego człowieka oraz przyszłe wyobrażenia postbiologicznej istoty. Przywołane zostały teoretyczne ujęcia z zakresu cyberpsychologii, filozofii techniki i humaniki, które wspierać mogą antropologię w badaniach nad rozwojem technologicznym i jego konsekwencjami społecznymi, kulturowymi i etycznymi. Artykuł podkreśla potrzebę angażowania antropologii w szeroką debatę publiczną na temat przyszłości ludzkości, konfrontacji wyobrażeń z rzeczywistością naukową oraz współpracy z naukowcami, artystami i społeczeństwem w kontekście szybkich zmian technologicznych. Wyzwania związane z transhumanizmem, rozwojem sztucznej inteligencji i ekspansją technologii wymagają interdyscyplinarnej perspektywy badawczej oraz aktywnego uczestnictwa antropologów w kształtowaniu przyszłości społeczeństwa.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Probing charge redistribution at the interface of self-assembled cyclo-P5 pentamers on Ag(111)
- Author
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Outhmane Chahib, Yuling Yin, Jung-Ching Liu, Chao Li, Thilo Glatzel, Feng Ding, Qinghong Yuan, Ernst Meyer, and Rémy Pawlak
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Phosphorus pentamers (cyclo-P5) are unstable in nature but can be synthesized at the Ag(111) surface. Unlike monolayer black phosphorous, little is known about their electronic properties when in contact with metal electrodes, although this is crucial for future applications. Here, we characterize the atomic structure of cyclo-P5 assembled on Ag(111) using atomic force microscopy with functionalized tips and density functional theory. Combining force and tunneling spectroscopy, we find that a strong charge transfer induces an inward dipole moment at the cyclo-P5/Ag interface as well as the formation of an interface state. We probe the image potential states by field-effect resonant tunneling and quantify the increase of the local change of work function of 0.46 eV at the cyclo-P5 assembly. Our experimental approach suggest that the cyclo-P5/Ag interface has the characteristic ingredients of a p-type semiconductor-metal Schottky junction with potential applications in field-effect transistors, diodes, or solar cells.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. In vitro drug sensitivity in canine lymphoma
- Author
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Pawlak Aleksandra, Obmińska-Mrukowicz Bożena, Zbyryt Iwona, and Rapak Andrzej
- Subjects
canine lymphoma ,cytostatic drugs ,chemosensitivity ,mtt test ,apoptosis ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Introduction: Due to the high heterogeneity of canine lymphoma, the aim of the present study was to test in vitro the chemosensitivity of canine high-grade primary lymphoma cells to various cytostatic drugs commonly used to treat dogs: 4-HO-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, prednisolone, vincristine, etoposide, chlorambucil, lomustine, and cytosine arabinoside. Material and Methods: To determine the cell viability and drug ability to induce apoptosis two different tests were used: an MTT assay and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Results: Both in vitro tests were found to be useful tools. Significant differences in the sensitivity, depending on the drug type, between B-, T- and mixed/null-type lymphoma cells were found for the majority of the tested drugs. B-type cells were the most sensitive in vitro, whereas T-type cells seemed to be the most resistant. Doxorubicin, chlorambucil, etoposide, and vincristine most strongly reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis. Conclusion: In vitro assays, such as the MTT test and especially the annexin V/PI assay, may be useful tools for predicting a response to the treatment of high-grade lymphoma in dogs or improving the treatment outcomes in individual animals.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Visualisierungen von Antiken nördlich der Alpen in der frühneuzeitlichen Druckgraphik Zum Geleit
- Author
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Di Carlo, Laura, primary, Lipps, Johannes, additional, Pawlak, Anna, additional, and Richter, Daniel R. F., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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