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Changes in smoking trends and changes in lifestyle, together with worldwide data regarding the incidence of lung cancer in the group of patients with no previous history of smoking, leads to consideration of the differences in the course of the disease, the time of cancer diagnosis, the survival rate, and the occurrence of comorbidities in this group of patients. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of non-smokers among patients undergoing anatomical resection of the lung tissue due to lung carcinoma and to investigate the differences between the course of lung cancer, survival, and the comorbidities in the groups of patients with lung cancer depending on the history of tobacco smoking. The study included a cohort of 923 patients who underwent radical anatomical resection of the lung tissue with lung primary adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. The Chi2 Pearson’s test, the t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kaplan–Meier method, the Log-rank test with Mantel correction, and the Cox proportional hazard model were used for data analysis. We observed a significantly higher mean age of smoking patients compared to the mean age of non-smoking patients. The coexistence of former neoplastic diseases was significantly more frequent in the group of non-smokers compared to the group of smoking patients. We did not observe differences depending on smoking status in the tumor stage, grade, vascular and pleural involvement status in the diagnostic reports. We did not observe differences in the survival between smokers vs. non-smokers, however, we revealed better survival in the non-smoker women group compared to the non-smoker men group. In conclusion, 22.11% of the patients undergoing radical anatomical resection of the lung tissue due to lung cancers were non-smokers. More research on survival depending on genetic differences and postoperative treatment between smokers and non-smokers is necessary.

Background The process of malignant transformations of many tumour cases is still unclear and more specific experimental approaches are necessary. The detailed identification of the pathological changes may help in the therapy progression through the development of drugs with more selective action. Methods In this study, the AFM-IR nanospectroscopy was applied for the first time to the pleomorphic adenoma (TM) and the marginal tissue characterizations. In order to verify the obtained spectral information, conventional FT-IR investigations were also performed. Results The AFM-IR data (topographies, intensity maps, and spectra) show structural changes observed for the margin and TM samples. Additionally, within the tumour tissue the fibril-like areas, characteristic for amyloid diseases, were distinguished. Conclusions The application of AFM-IR allows to determine changes in the protein secondary structures between the fibrils and the regions outside them. It has been proved that, for the former areas, the α-helix/random coil/ β-sheet components dominate, while for the latter regions the α-helix/random coil indicate the main contribution to the protein composition. General significance The FT-IR results remain in good agreement with the AFM-IR data recorded for the areas outside the fibrils of the TM. This observation confirms that by means of the conventional FT-IR method the identification of the considered fibrils structure would be impossible. Only application of the AFM-IR nanospectroscopy allow for characterization and visualization of the fibrillization process occurring within the investigated tumour tissue.

Background: Despite excellent results of bariatric surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and weight loss in human subjects, some patients do not obtain desired results. One of the reasons for this is that not all patients follow caloric intake recommendations. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of duodenojejunal omega switch (DJOS) surgery on body weight, glucose tolerance, and incretins in rats. Methods: DJOS and SHAM surgery were performed on rats maintained for 8 weeks on high-fat diet (HF) and control diet (CD), respectively. After surgery, four groups were kept on the same diet as before the surgery, and four groups had a changed diet (CD vs. HF and HF vs. CD) for the next 8 weeks. Glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion, food intake, and body weight were measured. Results: A change of diet after surgery resulted in reduced glucose tolerance. Plasma insulin levels were lowered between DJOS and SHAM surgeries for the HF/HF and CD/HF groups. DJOS surgery did not reduce body weight in the studied groups, irrespective of diet. In the HF/HF group, ΔGLP-1 was lower for DJOS surgery in comparison with other groups. Differences of weight changes were observed for groups HF/HF and HF/CD. After DJOS surgery, ΔGIP was lower in the CD/HF group compared with HF/HF. Conclusions: Our results show that applications of different types of diets, before and after surgery, is a sensitive method for studies of mechanism of glucose intolerance after DJOS surgery.

Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment in patients with hyperparathyroidism related to MEN syndrome MATERIALS AND METHODS: The group of three women and two men aged between 17 and 72 years ( av. 38.6) with MEN- related hyperparathyroidism within 419 patients were operated between 2010-2016. MEN1 syndrome was diagnosed in four patients and MEN2 only once. Pre- and postoperative results of PTH levels and serum calcium values were compared.The mean preoperative serum PTH level was 215,56 pg/ml, whereas calcium concentration was 1.40 mmol/l. Three Patients with MEN1 syndrome had three and two thirds of parathyroid gland taken, and one had a single parathyroid gland excised with biopsy of the rest glands performed. A patient with MEN2 syndrome had one parathyroid gland excised. Postoperatively, we reported decreased secretion of both PTH (a mean serum PTH concentration 6.72 pg/ml), and serum calcium concentration 1.11 mmol/l. One patient (25%) with MEN 1 developed recurrent hyperparathyroidism after five years from the surgery. The patient was reoperated. The rest of the parathyroid gland was removed with an implantation into separated muscle pockets in the anterior forearm muscles.1. MEN syndrome is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. 2. Subtotal parathyroidectomy helps to bring back a normal calcium metabolism. 3. Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism in patients with MEN syndrome requires total parathyroidectomy with an autotransplantation into the anterior forearm muscles.