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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This study aims to explore the psychological effects of chronic exercise on mood and well-being in adults. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from Iran who engage in regular exercise routines for at least six months. Participants ranged in age from 22 to 58 years and represented a variety of occupations and exercise preferences. Data were collected until theoretical saturation was reached and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and subthemes related to the psychological effects of exercise. Results: The analysis revealed several key themes: psychological benefits, barriers to exercise, motivational factors, and challenges in sustaining exercise. Participants reported significant improvements in mood, self-esteem, emotional resilience, and cognitive functions such as focus and memory. Barriers to exercise included time constraints, physical barriers, lack of motivation, environmental factors, and financial constraints. Motivational factors were primarily health benefits, personal goals, social influence, psychological benefits, and habit formation. Challenges in sustaining exercise included monotony, physical fatigue, balancing life demands, health setbacks, lack of immediate results, and accessibility issues. Conclusion: Regular physical activity is associated with numerous psychological benefits, including improved mood, reduced anxiety, and enhanced cognitive function. However, barriers such as time constraints, lack of motivation, and financial constraints must be addressed to sustain these benefits. Community-based exercise programs, educational support for instructors, and public health campaigns can help overcome these challenges. Future research should include larger, more diverse samples and explore the long-term psychological effects of chronic exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the child’s fine motor development is influenced by the use of educational games. There are many types of educational games used in stimulating children’s fine motor development. But unfortunately in educational institutions, activities that can stimulate children’s fine motor development are still not optimal, in this case educative game media facilities are still lacking. So that children’s fine motor development is still lacking. This study aims to determine how influential the use of educational game tools with the type of one-hole game is on the fine motor development of preschool children. This study used a quasi experiment design with a pretest and posttest design. The sampling technique used total sampling of 25 children with details of 15 girls and 10 boys and aged 4 years to 6 years. Data collection methods using questionnaires and observation. Assessment using the DENVER II instrument sheet taken from the fine motor measurement aspects. Data analysis used was paired sample t-test 2 samples. The results of the study prove that there is an effect of educational game intervention of one hole game type on fine motor development of preschool children. Based on the results of this study that to stimulate children’s fine motor development, it is necessary to increase the frequency of one-hole games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the management of strengthening literacy culture in Physical Education (PE) 2013 Curriculum learning at Indonesia’s junior high school level, combines concurrent embedded model research, with quantitative methods as primary methods and qualitative methods as secondary methods. The quantitative research sample was 105 junior high school PE teacher respondents in eight provinces who represented descriptions of strengthening the literacy culture of PE learning in their respective schools. The qualitative sample consisted of 6 participants consisting of 2 principals, 3 curriculum representatives, and 1 senior middle school PE teacher. Quantitative data was taken using a 1-4 Likert scale questionnaire, while qualitative data was taken using semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data analysis uses descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS, while qualitative data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The quantitative research results show that planning to strengthen literacy culture in learning is included in the good category, with a score of 88.73%. This is supported by qualitative data, which states that the planning to strengthen the PE learning literacy culture has gone well. The implementation of strengthening literacy culture in learning is also in the good category, with a score of 87.08%. This is supported by qualitative data, which states that the implementation of strengthening PE learning literacy culture has been carried out and is going quite well. The assessment of strengthening literacy culture in learning is in a good category, with a score of 84.76%. This is supported by qualitative data, which states that the assessment of strengthening literacy culture in PE learning in the 2013 curriculum has gone well. Supporting factors for the implementation of strengthening literacy culture in PE learning in the 2013 curriculum from the aspects of planning, implementation, and assessment, namely: Availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure, a conducive learning atmosphere, the concept of implementing the 2013 curriculum, local government regulations that encourage school literacy movements, consistency of the head schools, the enthusiasm and skills of teaching staff, student motivation for literacy, as well as the implementation of comprehensive tests to measure student learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and sufficient physical activity contributes to the preservation of health and self-improvement of student youth. Today in Ukrainian universities, there is a decrease in the number of hours for physical education and a transition to distance learning, which negatively affects the health, level of physical fitness and motivation of young people. The transfer of physical education to a distance form of education caused the need to find new forms and methods of teaching, taking into account new rules for the organization of physical culture and health activities of students in order to preserve their health in extremely limited conditions motor loads. The purpose of our research was to study the factors of a healthy lifestyle of student youth in the context of a dangerous social and ecological environment in Ukraine. 28 first-year students took part in the research. The work used a complex of general scientific theoretical methods: the method of analyzing scientific literature, synthesis, systematization, generalization, the method of surveying applicants (online in the Google Forms application), testing the profile of a healthy lifestyle, methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the testing showed that during the year, under the influence of the change in the socio-ecological state of the environment caused by military actions in Ukraine, four indicators reliably (probably) changed among students: Health Responsibility (HR), Physical Activity (PA), Nutrition (N), Spiritual Growth (SG) and Stress Management (SM), (p<0.05). It was determined that the behavioral constructs (HR, PA, and N) and the cognitive-emotional component of student youth (SG, IR and SM) are above average and change as a result of the adverse socioeconomic environment. When students choose physical activity, preference is given to aerobic exercises, which have a positive effect on relieving a stressful situation, and breathing exercises from yoga when overcoming panic attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: VO2Max capacity is a key measure of performance indicator that is needed for soccer players to be in top physical shape using various training methods, both with and without the ball. Objective: This research aimed to discern the impact of fartlek training versus small-side game training to increase VO2Max capacity of players. Method: This quasi-experimental research comprised of pre-test and post-test design with data collected from 20 players aged 15-17 years. Before the experiment, players were divided into groups based on a ranking system of ordinally matching pairing with the use of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YO-YO IR Test). For data analysis, a statistical average difference test (T-test) was applied, which was initiated with a normality check using Lilliefors. Results: The result showed that tcount (11.31) > ttable (1.833) illustrating a significant difference between the impacts of fartlek and small-sided games training on VO2Max. In terms of increasing VO2Max, fartlek training and small side games was able to raise players' average VO2Max by 1.33, and 0.52, respectively. Conclusions: The results suggested that fartlek training was more effective than small-sided games training at increasing players' VO2Max. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scale of Attitudes toward Gender Equality in Football in the Context of Schools (SAGEFS) in the international context. This sample was formed by N = 6,101 students. The study was conducted by applying the SAGEFS. The model of the three factors correlated in the complete sample and for each country was correlated using AFC. The structural model was appraised by employing eight indices: the relative Chi-squared index; the goodness of fit index and its adjusted formula; the normal fit index; the comparative fit index; the standardized Quadratic Mean; and the Quadratic Mean Error of Approximation. To conclude, the results evidence the presence of psychometric properties that are indispensable for the measurement of attitudes toward gender equality in the context of schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children are the most vulnerable group when natural disasters occur, but few children have the knowledge to save themselves when a disaster occurs. The lack or even ignorance of the actions that need to be taken when a disaster occurs is the cause of the high number of child victims during natural disasters. This research aims to develop and validate a natural disaster mitigation games program that can increase children's knowledge of natural disaster preparedness. Methods: 140 students were involved in testing research products. The method used in this research is research & development with 10 stages. Validity analysis of item suitability through Aiken v which was processed using Microsoft Excel. Reliability data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Natural disaster mitigation learning products were produced which were conceptualized through 7 fun disaster mitigation games consisting of games for earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, landslides, tornadoes, forest fires. The results of this research obtained optimal content validity values (Aiken V = 0.81). Average internal validation value (r=0.81). The reliability value was obtained using Cronbach's Alpha with a value of 1.0. From the test results, it was concluded that the disaster mitigation learning program for kindergarten students through fun physical disaster games was valid and reliable. Conclusions: The findings show that the disaster mitigation learning program through physical fun games mitigation has proven to be valid and reliable for use in teaching kindergarten student natural disaster mitigation material. Through learning physical fun mitigation games, children are more active in understanding the concept of disaster mitigation where children directly practice self-saving actions. The physical fun games mitigation program provides children with emergency skills, knowledge of evacuation routes, how to use safety equipment, and actions to take in emergency situations. Children's knowledge of mitigation makes children agents of change in building a culture of safety and disaster mitigation in their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of manipulative exercise on gross motor ability in students with grade V autism at SDLB who are 12 years old. The method and design used in this study is single-subject research using an Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) design. Researchers use test techniques in the form of instruments that use an event score recording system by providing checks/notes on paper that have been provided for each event or behavior that occurs up to a predetermined period. Data collection is carried out by observation and documentation techniques which are then analyzed using visual analysis under conditions. The results of this study provide a conclusion that manipulative exercises have an influence on the gross motor ability of students with autism, so manipulative exercises can be used as an alternative to improving gross motor ability. This success may be influenced by several other factors that limit this study such as social, cultural, linguistic, and possibly even genetic characteristics that can be used for further study. The recommendation for further research is to conduct further research by paying attention to the limitations of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]