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The aim of this work is to analyse the transformation of the term intellectual, which is established as a kind of paradigm in modern and postmodern times. The focus of the research is first of all on the reduction of the role of the intellectual in modern times, which was echoed in the thoughts of numerous philosophers of modern and postmodern epoch. Then the postmodern dystopian novel Plato's Papers by the English writer Peter Aykroyd, is analysed. It is a dystopian work in which the aforementioned tendencies were given an artistic articulation. The hero of the novel Plato, as the research shows, represents a travestied image of the ancient philosopher Plato and acts in a modern telematized polis of the distant future. The works and fate of the postmodern Plato are articulated in the novel in a way that hints that escapism is the only possible answer to the challenges of the destructive relativizations of the postmodern era.

The survey deals with the critical work of the well-known English poet Alfred Edward Housman. Based on the aesthetic principles of past pest epochs the piece of criticism is considered archaic and incompatible with the modern poetic and critical trends. Our analysis focuses upon the main aspects of Housman's treatise such as the emotion that is conveyed from author to reader through poem, the intellectualism which, as a negative factor, obstructs the acquisition of full poetic insight, and the poetic devices and figures of speech which are of great importance for poets. The conclusion we reached implies that certain aspects of Housman's poetic doctrine should be reaffirmed since the meticulous implementation of the standards he established undoubtedly opens new possibilities for experiencing poetry.

Copyright of Nasleđe is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soiling is a term used to describe the deposition of dust (dirt) on the solar modules, which reduces the amount of solar radiation that reaches the solar cells. This can cause a more difficult operation of the entire photovoltaic system and therefore generation of less electric energy. This paper presents the results of the influence of various pollutants commonly found in the air (carbon, calcium carbonate - CaCO3, and soil particles) on the energy efficiency of solar modules. Scanning electron microscope investigation of carbon powder, CaCO3, and soil particles which were applied to solar modules showed that the particles of carbon and CaCO3 are similar in size, while the space between the particles through which the light can pass, is smaller in carbon than in CaCO3. Dimensions of soil particles are different, and the space between the soil particles through which the light can pass is similar to CaCO3. Solar radiation more easily reaches the surface of solar modules soiled by CaCO3 and soil particles than the surface of the solar modules soiled by carbon. The efficiency of the module soiled by carbon on average decreases by 37.6%, the efficiency of the module soiled by CaCO3 by 6.7%, and the efficiency of the module soiled by soil particles by 6.8%, as compared to the clean solar module. The greatest influence on reducing the energy efficiency of solar modules by soiling exerts carbon, and the influence of CaCO3 and soil particles is similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces basic information on the geographical location, climate and solar radiation in Serbia. It focuses particularly on the air pollution in Serbia and its influence on the solar cells energy efficiency. Moreover, detailed information on the development of solar energy in Serbia and the examples of the application of the low, medium and high temperature and photovoltaic conversion of solar radiation is provided. The paper also gives an overview of the installed greater capacity solar power stations related to the electricity network and the smaller capacity solar power stations as the independent sources of electricity in Serbia. In conclusion, the paper stresses Serbia's favourite climate and other conditions for the prospective successful development of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of practical field study ofperformances of three identical monocrystalline solar modules, single power of 60 W, with different inclinations (horizontal, optimally inclined oriented toward south, and vertically oriented toward south) in real meteorological conditions, in city of Nis, Serbia, in 2013, are presented in this paper. On the basis of the measurement results of solar energy intensity and electrical power generated with solar modules, efficiency, performance ratio, and fill factor were calculated. In 2013, optimally inclined solar module generated 62.8 kWh, horizontal solar module 58.1 kWh, and vertical solar module 43.9 kWh ofelectrical energy. It was found that annually the vertical solar module had the highest value of efficiency (10.9%), then horizontal solar module (10.6%) andfinally, optimally inclined solar module (10.2%). Annually, the vertical solar module had the highest value ofperformance ratio (0.93), then follows horizontal solar module (0.91) and finally, optimally inclined solar module (0.86). Annually, the horizontal solar module had the highest value of fill factor (67.7), then follows vertical solar module (66.6) and, finally, optimally inclined solar module (63.3). It was found that embodied energy payback time for a horizontal, optimally inclined, and vertical building-integrated photovoltaics system of 1020 Wp would be 11.8, 10.9, and 15.6 years, respectively. The results obtained by this study could be used in planning and constructing building-integrated photovoltaics, in Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper comparison of experimentally obtained results of energy efficiency of photovoltaic solar plant of 2.08 kWp installed on the roof of the ASARS in Banja Luka in the real climate conditions in 2013 and 2014 are given. It was found that energy efficiency of photovoltaic solar plant from April till November 2013 was 12.28%, and in same period in 2014 was 13.03%. Also, it was found that the increase in the ambient temperature by 1 °C, photovoltaic solar plant efficiency decreases by 0.43% from April till November 2013, and by 0.27% in the same period in 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In mid-July 2012, hundreds of fires spread over forest stands in the south of Europe. Considering available satellite and meteorological data we have tried to determine a method using analogy, whether these fires were preceded by the intensified solar activity. The justification of this approach lies in the belief that it is impossible by direct or indirect activity of man to set fire at the same time to the sites that are geographically separated. In this paper we have tried to test the hypothesis claiming that charged particles coming to us from the Sun may be responsible for the number of forest fires. Unlike some other situations when the potential explanation could be a sudden influx of the protons of different energy ranges, in our study, there are electrons as carriers of the potential explanation. Many previous studies results have shown that there is statistically significant relationship between the processes on the Sun and certain movements of air masses in the atmosphere our planet. The presented results in this paper of the correlation relationships between the mean hourly flows of electrons and the mean hourly air temperatures in Belgrade and Rome and the analysis of the synoptic situation as a function of the suggested model so far, indicate that the number of fires that were occurring more than a week, from July 15, 2012, in the south of Europe, were caused by electrons coming from the Sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper basic information of Homer software for photovoltaic system electricity generation, NASA - Surface meteorology and solar energy database, RETScreen, PVGIS and HMIRS (Hydrometeorological Institute of Republic of Serbia) solar databases are given. The comparison of the monthly average values for daily solar radiation per squaremeter received by the horizontal surface taken from NASA, RETScreen, PVGIS, and HMIRS solar databases for three locations in Serbia (Belgrade, Negotin, and Zlatibor) is given. It was found that the annual average values of daily solar radiation taken from RETScreen solar database are the closest to the annual average values of daily solar radiation taken from HMIRS solar database for Belgrade, Negotin, and Zlatibor. Monthly and total for year values of electricity production of fixed on-grid photovoltaic system of 1 kW with optimal inclinated and south oriented solar modules, in Belgrade, Negotin, and Zlatibor using HOMER software simulation based on data for daily solar radiation taken from NASA, RETScreen, PVGIS, and HMIRS databases are calculated. The relative deviation of electricity production of fixed on-grid photovoltaic system of 1 kWusingHOMER software simulation based on data for daily solar radiation taken from NASA, RETScreen, and PVGIS databases compared to electricity production of fixed on-grid photovoltaic system of 1 kWusing HOMER software simulation based on data for daily solar radiation taken from HMIRS databases in Belgrade, Negotin, and Zlatibor are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data assessment and potential use of concentrating solar power plants in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska, B&H, are given in the paper. Besides, concentrating solar power plants schematics and manner of their functioning are described. Then follows geographical position and the results of PVGIS calculation of the yearly average values of the solar irradiation on horizontal, vertical and optimally inclined plane, optimal inclination, linke turbidity, ratio of diffuse to global solar irradiation, average daytime temperature, and 24 hours average of temperature for some locations in Europe where concentrating solar power plants are installed or are in construction, and in some cities in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. The paper also gives comparative surveys of the solar irradiation on horizontal plane and ratio of diffuse to global solar irradiation on some locations in Europe with installed and concentrating solar power plants in construction, and in some cities in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. Data for direct normal irradiance for locations in Europe with installed or concentrating solar power plants under construction, and for some other cities in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska are also given. Data for direct normal irradiance were obtained by means of SWERA. In the light of the obtained results it was concluded that Serbia and the Republic of Srpska have favorable climatic and geographical conditions for the installation of the experimental concentrating solar power plants, and the area of Trebinje in the Republic of Srpska has favorable conditions for commercial concentrating solar power plants installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives the results of the electricity generated by the fixed, one-axis and dual-axis tracking photovoltaic solar plant of 1 MW with flat panels made of monocrystalline silicon which is to be built in the area of Sokobanja (spa in Serbia). Further on follows a description of the functioning of the fixed and one-axis and dual-axis tracking solar plants. For the calculation of the electricity generated by these plants PVGIS program was used. Calculations have shown that fixed photovoltaic solar plant power of 1 MW, solar modules of mono-crystalline silicon yield 1130000 kWh power output, one-axis tracking solar plant yields 1420000 kWh, and dual-axis tracking solar plant yields 1450000 kWh of electricity. Electricity generated by the fixed photovoltaic solar plant could satisfy 86% of the annual needs for the electricity of the „Zdravljak“ hotel and the special "Novi stacionar" hospital in Sokobanja. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]