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The functions of the psychology of education as social technologies in a transitive society are considered. For this it is proposed to use the concept of "exchange zones" formulated by P. Galison. Research tasks: to clarify the methodology for considering the design of exchange zones in a transitive society; to consider the functions of the psychology of education as social technologies in designing exchange zones. Methodological foundations of the study: social epistemology (I.T. Kasavin, S. Fuller), contextualism, constructivism. Conclusions: 1. The psychology of education as a social technology is included in the production of exchange zones of science and society, 2. As part of the functioning of social technologies, the content and boundaries of exchange zones are also designed, 3. The psychology of education also represents the space of communication, a means of constructing exchange zones.

The aim of the research is study of histological features of the placenta's and uterus' structure, erythrocytes in the mother-placenta-fetus system during pregnancy, occurring against the background of thyroid diseases, diabetes (type I and gestational), moderate and severe preeclampsia.117 pregnant women were examined during the study: 65 were with pathology of the thyroid gland (TG); 27 with diabetes mellitus; 15 with preeclampsia and 10 were the control group. All women underwent ultrasound scanning on an Alokka-5500 apparatus, and each of them was determined the level of thyroid hormones and antibodies to the TG, as well as glucose. Tissue morphometric analysis was performed using the "Ntegra-Aura" device, atomic force image analysis using standard software NOVA and Image Analysis ("NTMDT"). During the study of the placenta's and myometrium's vessels were identified different circulatory disorders. It was found that the area of the villi and vessels of the terminal placenta decreased in the sequence: gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the state of euthyroidism in the mother with thyroid pathology, hypothyroidism, diffuse toxic goiter (DTG), preeclampsia and type I diabetes mellitus (DMI). A significant increase in deformed and prehemolytic forms of erythrocytes was revealed. Itwas found that in the mother-placentafetus structure with pathology of the TG, DM and preeclampsia, multiple structural changes in the villous tree's and myometrium's tissues are observed, as well as changes in anatomical and functional structure of erythrocytes, which together contribute to the progression of fetal hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: morphofunctional aspects of bone tissue at osteoporosis. Methods: The clinical material of 117 patients with isolated and multiple fractures of typical localizations on background of systemic osteoporosis as well with degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which were presented by deforming arthrosis of hip joints of 3rd degree. The specimens of bone tissue were browsed and photographed in light microscope «TOPIC-T» CETI. The specimens were fixed in standard glutaraldehyde fixative and then they were browsed in raster electron microscope «FE1 Quanta 200 3D» U+0418 (1048) «FE1 Quanta 600 FEG»( Netherlands). The processing and formation of AFM- images were conducted using software «NOVA»(NT-MDT, Russia) and «Image Analysis» (NT-MDT, Russia). Results: The decreasing of total area of bone tissue was morphological manifestation of osteoporosis. Normal bone plates in cancellous bone became thin and perforated, trabecular lattice system also became thinner and partially interrupted. Trabeculae became thin, distance between them increased, what led to spreading of bone marrow space. The structure of Havers canals was violated. The thinning of tissue in cancellous substance was due to transformation of endosteal layer of cortical bone. The fibres of intercellular substance of bone tissue were placed randomly, large intervals were between bunches. Conclusions: At exploration of morphofunctional features of bone tissue at osteoporosis it was founded that the decreasing of total area of solid substance in bone tissue took place. In cancellous substance bone plates became perforated and thin, collapsed, forming large cavities. Trabecular lattice system became thin and partially interrupted. Trabeculae became thin, distance between them increased [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the biochemical indexes of phosphorus-calcium (Ca) metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome of 1-5 stages, associated with osteoporosis with morphological picture of bone tissue. Materials and Methods: A total of 248 patients (99 men and 149 women) in the age from 60 to 69 (mean age was 64 ± 3.5) were examined during the study. Results: The results of the study of biochemical indexes of phosphorus-calcium (Ca) metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome associated with osteoporosis were presented in the article. The clinical picture is compared with electronic microscopically features of bone tissue and indexes of elements in it. It was shown that phosphorus- Ca imbalance in patients with metabolic syndrome has already determined on the 2nd stage of the metabolic syndrome and it is represented by decreasing of 1.25 (OH)2 Vitamin D and increasing of parathyroid hormone in blood serum, what is associated with beginning of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Bone mineral density is decreased in patients with metabolic syndrome of 1-4 stages as metabolic syndrome progresses. Osteoporosis/osteopenia is more expressed in bones of the forearm, and it is connected with hyperparathyroidism in patients with metabolic syndrome of the 5th stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]