68 results on '"Pavlou, C."'
Search Results
2. Manipulating citation indices in a social context
- Author
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Pavlou, C and Elkind, E
- Abstract
The h-index [6] is a popular measure of a researcher's publication activity: a researcher's h-index is the largest number χ such that she has at least χ papers that have received at least χ citations each. It has been observed that one can manipulate her h-index by strategically merging one or more articles, and the complexity of finding a successful/optimal manipulation has been investigated for a variety of models [3,11]. In this paper, we extend this line of research to two other popular citation indices, namely, the g-index [4] and the i10-index, and show that these indices are somewhat easier to manipulate than the h-index. We then consider settings where the manipulator would like to take into account the impact of her actions on other researchers (she may want to make sure that her manipulation does not harm her friends or that it hurts her competitors) or a group of researchers manipulate their indices simultaneously. We analyze the complexity of these problems, both in the worst-case and in the parameterized framework.
- Published
- 2021
3. Nurse and patient factors: Predicting seclusion in adolescent psychiatric units.
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Yurtbasi M.K., Melvin G., Pavlou C., Gordon M., Yurtbasi M.K., Melvin G., Pavlou C., and Gordon M.
- Abstract
PROBLEM: Seclusion is considered a necessity when alternatives have failed. There is a consensus that seclusion has no therapeutic benefit, which justifies efforts to reduce the practice. This study aimed to identify nurse and patient variables that are predictive of seclusion on a large adolescent inpatient unit. METHOD(S): Nested case controls were used to compare 72 afternoon shifts on which seclusion occurred to 216 afternoon shifts on which no seclusion occurred, between 2010 and 2013, at an Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Unit. FINDINGS: Increased seclusion was predicted by a lower nurse to patient ratio, more male nurses on shift, fewer female nurses on shift, the presence of agency/temporary nurses on shift, greater combined years of mental health experience, and lower total HoNOSCA behavior subscale score. Unique predictors that increased risk of seclusion included greater number of male nurses and the presence of agency/temporary nurses, while a greater number of female nurses decreased risk of seclusion. CONCLUSION(S): Nurses play a unique role in seclusion outcomes that are separate to patient-factors and act as both protective and risk factors for seclusion. Changes can be made to staffing to reduce seclusion and future research should investigate why these nurse-factors contribute to seclusion.Copyright © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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- 2021
4. On the relation between the energy and social characteristics of the residential sector
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Santamouris, M., Kapsis, K., Korres, D., Livada, I., Pavlou, C., and Assimakopoulos, M.N.
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- 2007
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5. Using intelligent clustering techniques to classify the energy performance of school buildings
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Santamouris, M., Mihalakakou, G., Patargias, P., Gaitani, N., Sfakianaki, K., Papaglastra, M., Pavlou, C., Doukas, P., Primikiri, E., Geros, V., Assimakopoulos, M.N., Mitoula, R., and Zerefos, S.
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- 2007
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6. Investigating and analysing the energy and environmental performance of an experimental green roof system installed in a nursery school building in Athens, Greece
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Santamouris, M., Pavlou, C., Doukas, P., Mihalakakou, G., Synnefa, A., Hatzibiros, A., and Patargias, P.
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- 2007
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7. A numerical method to estimate time-varying values of diffuse irradiance on surfaces in complex geometrical environments
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Tsangrassoulis, A., Niachou, K., Papakostantinou, N., Pavlou, C., and Santamouris, M.
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- 2002
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8. Effect of saline absorption on the flexural stress relaxation behavior of epoxy/cotton composite materials for orthopedics applications
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Kontaxis, L. C., primary, Pavlou, C., additional, Portan, D. V., additional, and Papanicolaou, G. C., additional
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- 2018
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9. Design, construction and monitoring of a near-zero energy laboratory building in Cyprus
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Papanicolas, C. Lange, M.A. Fylaktos, N. Montenon, A. Kalouris, G. Fintikakis, N. Fintikaki, M. Kolokotsa, D. Tsirbas, K. Pavlou, C. Vasilakopoulou, K. Santamouris, M.
- Abstract
The paper presents the architectural, engineering and energy design of a laboratory building located in Cyprus. The building is designed to meet near-zero energy consumption criteria using advanced energy conservation measures, smart energy management and solar thermal and photovoltaic systems to cover the remaining energy load. The energy conservation techniques used result in reduced energy consumption of the building by almost 70% compared with a conventional building, while almost 27% of the remaining heating-, cooling- and lighting load is covered by photovoltaics. A concentrating solar thermal system for cooling and heating is being installed to cover the remainder of the load. © 2015, Taylor & Francis.
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- 2015
10. Design, construction and monitoring of a near-zero energy laboratory building in Cyprus
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Papanicolas, C., primary, Lange, M. A., additional, Fylaktos, N., additional, Montenon, Alaric, additional, Kalouris, G., additional, Fintikakis, N., additional, Fintikaki, M., additional, Kolokotsa, D., additional, Tsirbas, K., additional, Pavlou, C., additional, Vasilakopoulou, K., additional, and Santamouris, M., additional
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- 2015
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11. Investigating and analysing the energy and environmental performance of an experimental green roof system installed in a nursery school building in Athens, Greece
- Author
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Santamouris, M. Pavlou, C. Doukas, P. Mihalakakou, G. Synnefa, A. Hatzibiros, A. Patargias, P.
- Abstract
This paper deals with the experimental investigation and analysis of the energy and environmental performance of a green roof system installed in a nursery school building in Athens. The investigation was implemented in two phases. During the first phase, an experimental investigation of the green roof system efficiency was presented and analysed, while in the second one the energy savings was examined through a mathematical approach by calculating both the cooling and heating load for the summer and winter period for the whole building as well as for its top floor. The energy performance evaluation showed a significant reduction of the building's cooling load during summer. This reduction varied for the whole building in the range of 6-49% and for its last floor in the range of 12-87%. Moreover, the influence of the green roof system in the building's heating load was found insignificant, and this can be regarded a great advantage of the system as any interference in the building shell for the reduction of cooling load leads usually to the increase of its heating load. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2007
12. Using intelligent clustering techniques to classify the energy performance of school buildings
- Author
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Santamouris, M. Mihalakakou, G. Patargias, P. Gaitani, N. Sfakianaki, K. Papaglastra, M. Pavlou, C. Doukas, P. Primikiri, E. Geros, V. Assimakopoulos, M.N. Mitoula, R. Zerefos, S.
- Abstract
The present paper deals with the energy performance, energy classification and rating and the global environmental quality of school buildings. A new energy classification technique based on intelligent clustering methodologies is proposed. Energy rating of school buildings provides specific information on their energy consumption and efficiency relative to the other buildings of similar nature and permits a better planning of interventions to improve its energy performance. The overall work reported in the present paper, is carried out in three phases. During the first phase energy consumption data have been collected through energy surveys performed in 320 schools in Greece. In the second phase an innovative energy rating scheme based on fuzzy clustering techniques has been developed, while in the third phase, 10 schools have been selected and detailed measurements of their energy efficiency and performance as well as of the global environmental quality have been performed using a specific experimental protocol. The proposed energy rating method has been applied while the main environmental and energy problems have been identified. The potential for energy and environmental improvements has been assessed. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2007
13. On the relation between the energy and social characteristics of the residential sector
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Santamouris, M. Kapsis, K. Korres, D. Livada, I. Pavlou, C. Assimakopoulos, M.N.
- Abstract
Social, financial, energy and technical data from about 1110 households have been collected during 2004 in the major Athens area. The sample has been divided in seven income groups and a detailed analysis has been performed. Important conclusions have been drawn regarding the quality of households, the operational conditions and the energy spent per income group. Low income people are more likely to be living in old buildings with poor envelope conditions. The cost per person and unit area is much higher for the low income group for both heating and electricity. Fuel poverty is quite high, especially when the actual oil prices are considered. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2007
14. A numerical method to estimate time-varying values of diffuse irradiance on surfaces in complex geometrical environments
- Author
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Tsangrassoulis, A. Niachou, K. Papakostantinou, N. Pavlou, C. Santamouris, M.
- Abstract
The estimation of diffuse irradiance that impinges on a window or photovoltaic panel is of major importance for the determination of their performance. The present paper introduces the concept of angular shading factors (ASF) for the calculation of time-varying diffuse irradiances to be performed without the need to repeat time consuming interflection calculations at every time step. For the calculation of ASF, a Monte Carlo backward ray tracing technique was used. As a result, geometrically complex scenes consisting of surfaces with diffuse and specular reflectances, while transparent and translucent surfaces can be modeled as well. After that, the calculation of diffuse irradiance can be performed in a dynamic way, by taking into consideration the sky radiance distribution variability. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2002
15. A new value of average beam solar heat gain coefficient for innovative daylighting systems
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Tsangrassoulis, A. Pavlou, C. Santamouris, M. Pohl, W. Scheiring, C.
- Abstract
The majority of the fenestration systems are available in the market today are of the type whose solar gain properties can be determined through the use of a computational procedure. However there is a class of fenestration systems (or attachments) that cannot be handled with the conventional procedures like solar path diagrams and shading masks. This class includes the daylight systems. These systems are an innovative technology for sunlight redirection or sunlight exclusion. A new formula for the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) is introduced, which can help in the discussion process concerning the optimization of solar gains through the above mentioned systems. This formula is solar positioned and radiation weighted value and can provide an accurate way to estimate the energy flux through the window and can be used as a performance rating methodology for the above mentioned systems. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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- 2001
16. A new value of average beam solar heat gain coefficient for innovative daylighting systems
- Author
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Tsangrassoulis, A, primary, Pavlou, C, additional, Santamouris, M, additional, Pohl, Wilfried, additional, and Scheiring, Christof, additional
- Published
- 2001
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17. THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY AND TWO DIFFERENT CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS ON SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN A WOMAN WITH A TYPE III HYPERLIPOPROTEINAEMIA PATTERN.
- Author
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Muller, D. P. R., Pavlou, C., Whitelaw, A. G. L., and McLintock, D.
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- 1978
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18. PULSED OXYTOCIN INFUSION IN THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR.
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Pavlou, C., Barker, G. H., Roberts, A., and Chamberlain, G. V. P.
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- 1978
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19. CIRCULATING LEVELS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN IN LATE PREGNANCY: DISAPPEARANCE FROM THE CIRCULATION AFTER DELIVERY, VARIATION DURING LABOUR, AND CIRCADIAN VARIATION.
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Pavlou, C., Chard, T., and Letchworth, A. T.
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- 1972
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20. Experimental investigation of the air flow in naturally ventilated classrooms
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Santamouris, M., Synnefa, A., Asssimakopoulos, M., Livada, I., Pavlou, K., Papaglastra, M., Gaitani, N., Pavlou, C., Dionysia Kolokotsa, and Assimakopoulos, V.
21. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation with Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anæmia in Eclampsia
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Pavlou, C, primary
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- 1973
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22. Circulating levels of human placental lactogen in late pregnancy: the effect of glucose loading, smoking and exercise
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Pavlou, C., primary, Chard, T., additional, Landon, J., additional, and Letchworth, A.T., additional
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- 1973
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23. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation with Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anæmia in Eclampsia
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Pavlou, C
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- 1973
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24. Focus. Meeting workforce demand in mental health.
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Harris D and Pavlou C
- Published
- 2010
25. Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene–PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier
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Antonio Baldanza, Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone, Cosimo Brondi, Anastasios C. Manikas, Giuseppe Mensitieri, Christos Pavlou, Giuseppe Scherillo, Costas Galiotis, Baldanza, A., Pastore Carbone, M. G., Brondi, C., Manikas, A. C., Mensitieri, G., Pavlou, C., Scherillo, G., and Galiotis, C.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,graphene ,poly (methyl methacrylate) ,nanolaminate ,barrier properties ,carbon dioxide ,oxygen ,chemical vapour deposition ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Filtration and Separation ,Physics - Applied Physics ,Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ,barrier propertie ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Successful ways of fully exploiting the excellent structural and multifunctional performance of graphene and related materials are of great scientific and technological interest. New opportunities are provided by the fabrication of a novel class of nanocomposites with a nanolaminate architecture. In this work, by using the iterative lift-off/float-on process combined with wet depositions, we incorporated cm-size graphene monolayers produced via Chemical Vapour Deposition into a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix with a controlled, alternate-layered structure. The produced nanolaminate shows a significant improvement in mechanical properties, with enhanced stiffness, strength and toughness, with the addition of only 0.06 vol% of graphene. Furthermore, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability measurements performed at different relative humidity levels, reveal that the addition of graphene leads to significant reduction of permeability, compared to neat PMMA. Overall, we demonstrate that the produced graphene–PMMA nanolaminate surpasses, in terms of gas barrier properties, the traditional discontinuous graphene–particle composites with a similar filler content. Moreover, we found that the gas permeability through the nanocomposites departs from a monotonic decrease as a function of relative humidity, which is instead evident in the case of the pure PMMA nanolaminate. This work suggests the possible use of Chemical Vapour Deposition graphene–polymer nanolaminates as a flexible gas barrier, thus enlarging the spectrum of applications for this novel material.
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- 2022
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26. THz EMI Shielding in Graphene/PMMA Multilayers
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Gian Paolo Papari, Anastasios C. Manikas, Can Koral, Antonello Andreone, Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone, George Trakakis, Costas Galiotis, Christos Pavlou, Koral, C., Papari, G., Carbone, M. G. P., Pavlou, C., Manikas, A., Trakakis, G., Galiotis, C., and Andreone, A.
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Materials science ,Terahertz radiation ,Graphene ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Casting ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,law ,EMI ,Nano ,Electromagnetic shielding ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,business - Abstract
The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding mechanisms of graphene/PMMA multilayered structures are experimentally investigated by using time domain spectroscopy (TDS) in the THz range. Stacked plates of similar thickness (~ 5μm), starting from a single layer up to 100 layers, were produced by a novel approach combining ultra-thin polymer casting and wet deposition techniques. These nano laminates show enhanced electrical conductivity (~100 S/cm) and superior specific shielding effectiveness (~2.104 dB cm2 g-1).
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- 2019
27. Effective EMI shielding behaviour of thin graphene/PMMA nanolaminates in the THz range
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Gian Paolo Papari, Christos Pavlou, Antonello Andreone, Can Koral, Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone, Anastasios C. Manikas, George Trakakis, Costas Galiotis, Pavlou, C., Pastore Carbone, M. G., Manikas, A. C., Trakakis, G., Koral, C., Papari, G., Andreone, A., and Galiotis, C.
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Materials science ,Terahertz radiation ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Electromagnetic interference ,law.invention ,law ,EMI ,Composite material ,Cvd graphene ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Range (particle radiation) ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Nanoscale materials ,Multidisciplinary ,Graphene ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Physics - Applied Physics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,chemistry ,Electromagnetic shielding ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The use of graphene in a form of discontinuous flakes in polymer composites limits the full exploitation of the unique properties of graphene, thus requiring high filler loadings for achieving - for example - satisfactory electrical and mechanical properties. Herein centimetre-scale CVD graphene/polymer nanolaminates have been produced by using an iterative 'lift-off/float-on' process and have been found to outperform, for the same graphene content, state-of-the-art flake-based graphene polymer composites in terms of mechanical reinforcement and electrical properties. Most importantly these thin laminate materials show a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, reaching 60 dB for a small thickness of 33 micron, and an absolute EMI shielding effectiveness close to 3* 10 ^5 dB cm ^2 g^-1 which is amongst the highest values for synthetic, non-metallic materials produced to date., Comment: Article and Supplementary Material
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28. Staff Perspectives: Why are adolescent inpatients secluded and what causes changes in rates of seclusion on a unit?
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Yurtbasi MK, Gordon M, Pavlou C, and Melvin G
- Abstract
Background: The use of seclusion in Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Units is being heavily scrutinised due to its forceful nature and potential to cause harm. This study aimed to understand staff perspectives on reasons for seclusion in an Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Unit., Method: A mixed methods approach that included the Attitudes to Seclusion Survey followed by a semi-structured interview on the reasons for seclusion was used. We recruited 31 participants who worked on the unit of which 27 were involved in seclusion., Results: The findings showed that the majority of staff view seclusion as undesirable and believe it should only be used out of necessity. However, there was disagreement among staff about the reasons why adolescents were secluded and whether those reasons were justified. Staff identified factors that contributed to increases in seclusion but also provided several ways in which seclusion could be reduced., Conclusions: These findings highlight a need for precision on what constitutes justifiable use of seclusion to reduce the potential for misuse. It also shows opportunities exist for further reduction in seclusion through teamwork and communication., (© 2024 The Author(s). Child and Adolescent Mental Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.)
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- 2024
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29. Entomological surveillance and spatiotemporal risk assessment of sand fly-borne diseases in Cyprus.
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Christou M, Koyutourk B, Yetismis K, Martinou AF, Christodoulou V, Koliou M, Antoniou M, Pavlou C, Ozbel Y, Kasap OE, Alten B, Georgiades P, Georgiou GK, Christoudias T, Proestos Y, Lelieveld J, and Erguler K
- Abstract
Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases are important public health concerns in Cyprus. Although the diseases, historically prevalent on the island, were nearly eradicated by 1996, an increase in frequency and geographical spread has recently been recorded. Upward trends in leishmaniasis prevalence have largely been attributed to environmental changes that amplify the abundance and activity of its vector, the phlebotomine sand flies. Here, we performed an extensive field study across the island to map the sand fly fauna and compared the presence and distribution of the species found with historical records. We mapped the habitat preferences of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. tobbi , two medically important species, and predicted the seasonal abundance of P. papatasi at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution using a climate-sensitive population dynamics model driven by high-resolution meteorological forecasting. Our compendium holds a record of 18 species and the locations of a subset, including those of potential public and veterinary health concern. We confirmed that P. papatasi is widespread, especially in densely urbanized areas, and predicted that its abundance uniformly peaks across the island at the end of summer. We identified potential hotspots of P. papatasi activity even after this peak. Our results form a foundation to inform public health planning and contribute to the development of effective, efficient, and environmentally sensitive strategies to control sand fly populations and prevent sand fly-borne diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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30. The Impacts of a Clown Doctor Program on an Adolescent Psychiatric Unit: A Mixed Methods Investigation.
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Melvin G, Hofmann JL, Pavlou C, Lu S, Verstandig S, Taylor A, Desilva D, Cameron L, and Evans S
- Abstract
Inpatient psychiatric care may be required to manage adolescents with severe mental health problems. As the ward can be a challenging environment, this study explored the influence of clown doctors on adolescents. Seventy-seven adolescents (13-18 years) and 22 staff from the Monash Health Stepping Stones Adolescent Unit, and 11 clown doctors from The Humour Foundation participated in the study. Bespoke surveys were developed by the research team to collect quantitative self-report data and qualitative responses. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis suggested that adolescents experienced high levels of fun as well as positive mood during a clown doctor session. Clown doctor programs show promise within an inpatient unit with opportunities for further development being identified. With considerations of the findings, future clown doctor training could include tailoring sessions to the developmental needs of adolescents and developing strategies on how to interact with adolescents who have a mental health disorder., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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31. Staff perspectives on the effects of seclusion in adolescent psychiatric inpatient care.
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Yurtbasi MK, Melvin G, Pavlou C, and Gordon M
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Inpatients psychology, Patient Isolation psychology, Attitude of Health Personnel, Restraint, Physical, Mental Disorders psychology, Mental Health Services
- Abstract
Nurses are at the forefront of seclusion in adolescent psychiatric units. Understanding nurses and other staff perspectives on the effects of seclusion is critical in the ongoing effort to minimize and eliminate seclusion. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of staff attitudes, experiences, and beliefs about the effects of seclusion on both themselves and patients. Thirty-one staff members (including 20 nurses) completed the Attitudes to Seclusion Survey and 24 participated in semi-structured interviews to explore their beliefs and experiences of seclusion use in adolescent psychiatric inpatient care. Analysis of the questionnaire showed overwhelming agreement in the negative impacts of seclusion on patients, while there was uncertainty around the positive impacts of seclusion. Using a combination of the intuitive approach and thematic analysis, five themes were identified from interviews with staff, three unique to nurses: (i) staff were reluctant to use seclusion but felt it was necessary, (ii) nurses felt under-resourcing led to increased chances of seclusion, (iii) staff believed seclusion negatively impacted the patients, (iv) nurses felt their relationships with patients were negatively impacted, and (v) seclusion also had a negative effect on nurses. Clinical recommendations included a systematic and structured approach to debriefing to repair ruptures in the therapeutic relationship; staffing to be based on the acuity of the unit rather than occupancy; alternatives to seclusion that meet the needs of service providers and consumers. Future research should compare staff and patient perspectives, include multiple sites, and greater participation of non-nursing staff., (© 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
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- 2023
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32. Nanomechanics of Ultrathin Carbon Nanomembranes.
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Dimitropoulos M, Trakakis G, Meyerbröker N, Gehra R, Angelova P, Schnieders A, Pavlou C, Kostaras C, Galiotis C, and Dassios K
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Ultrathin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are two-dimensional materials (2DM) of a few nm thickness with sub-nm intrinsic pores that mimic the biofiltration membranes found in nature. They enable highly selective, permeable, and energy-efficient water separation and can be produced at large scales on porous substrates with tuned properties. The present work reports the mechanical performance of such CNMs produced by p-nitrobiphenyl phosphonic acid (NBPS) or polyvinylbiphenyl (PVBP) and their composite membranes of microporous supporting substrates, which constitute indispensable information for ensuring their mechanical stability during operation. Measuring the nanomechanical properties of the ultrathin material was achieved by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on membranes both supported on flat substrates and suspended on patterned substrates ("composite membrane"). The AFM analysis showed that the CNMs presented Young's modulus in the range of 2.5-8 GPa. The composite membranes' responses were investigated by tensile testing in a micro-tensile stage as a function of substrate thickness and substrate pore density and diameter, which were found to affect the mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the thermal stability of composite membranes at high temperatures. The results revealed the structural integrity of CNMs, while critical parameters governing their mechanical response were identified and discussed.
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- 2023
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33. Adolescent psychiatric inpatients' perceptions of treatment and seclusion.
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Yurtbasi MK, Gordon M, Fisher L, Haslam R, Prakash C, Blatchford B, Pavlou C, Darmanin D, Verstandig S, Blake A, Cornell W, Cameron L, and Melvin G
- Abstract
Objectives : A great deal of attention is being directed at the use of seclusion in adolescent inpatient psychiatric units due to its forceful nature and negative impact on inpatients and staff. This mixed methods study aimed to explore and compare the level of satisfaction with the services received and perspectives on seclusion in secluded and non-secluded adolescent inpatients. Methods : This study included 188 participants, across three adolescent inpatient psychiatric units in Australia; 17% reported having experienced seclusion. A mixed methods approach was employed. Participants completed the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 and Perceptions of Treatment and Seclusion Questionnaire shortly before or at discharge. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results : Secluded participants were more likely to report issues with broader care experiences on the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire-8. Secluded individuals reported ongoing negative effects from seclusion but were more likely than non-secluded participants to believe seclusion is necessary. Qualitative analyses showed that both secluded and non-secluded individuals considered seclusion to be traumatic, many did not agree with its use. Conclusions : Communication between inpatients and staff regarding seclusion needs to be improved and there needs to be ongoing support in relation to seclusion during and after discharge. Many adolescent inpatients acknowledge the necessity of seclusion whilst advocating for reduced seclusion.
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- 2023
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34. Acceptability, safety and tolerability of antidepressant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents: A mixed-methods investigation.
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Wallman EJ, Segrave RA, Gordon MS, Fraser MJOB, Pavlou C, and Melvin GA
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- Adolescent, Adult, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Treatment Outcome, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation adverse effects, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods
- Abstract
Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is relatively common in adolescence, with far-reaching impacts. Current treatments frequently fail to alleviate depression severity for a substantial portion of adolescents. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may assist with this unmet clinical need. However, little is known about adverse events (AEs) experienced by adolescents receiving rTMS, subjective treatment experiences of adolescents and their parents, or treatment acceptability., Methods: Fourteen adolescents (16.5 years ± 1.2; 71.4% female) with MDD received 20 sessions of either high-frequency (10 Hz; n = 7) left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or low-frequency (1 Hz; n = 7) right DLPFC rTMS. AEs were monitored at baseline and at weekly intervals via New York State Psychiatric Institute Side Effects Form for Children and Adolescents. Eight adolescents and nine parents participated in interviews regarding subjective treatment experience, analysed via content analysis., Results: Drowsiness and lethargy were common AEs, reported by 92.3% of participants in week one. Number of AEs decreased throughout treatment course (after 5 treatments: M = 11.23, SD = 5.00; after 20 treatments: M = 8.92, SD = 5.95). Thirty-five AEs emerged during treatment, most commonly transient dizziness. Frequency, severity, and number of AEs reported were equivalent between treatment groups. Treatment adherence and satisfaction were high. Qualitative findings identified three themes relating to rTMS experience: Preparation and connection; Physical experience of treatment; and Perceived role of treatment., Limitations: Sample size was small, therefore findings are preliminary., Conclusions: rTMS was an acceptable treatment for adolescent MDD, from both adolescents' and parents' perspectives, and was safe and well-tolerated, as AE frequency and type did not differ from rTMS treatment courses in adults., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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35. Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene-PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier.
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Baldanza A, Pastore Carbone MG, Brondi C, Manikas AC, Mensitieri G, Pavlou C, Scherillo G, and Galiotis C
- Abstract
Successful ways of fully exploiting the excellent structural and multifunctional performance of graphene and related materials are of great scientific and technological interest. New opportunities are provided by the fabrication of a novel class of nanocomposites with a nanolaminate architecture. In this work, by using the iterative lift-off/float-on process combined with wet depositions, we incorporated cm-size graphene monolayers produced via Chemical Vapour Deposition into a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix with a controlled, alternate-layered structure. The produced nanolaminate shows a significant improvement in mechanical properties, with enhanced stiffness, strength and toughness, with the addition of only 0.06 vol% of graphene. Furthermore, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability measurements performed at different relative humidity levels, reveal that the addition of graphene leads to significant reduction of permeability, compared to neat PMMA. Overall, we demonstrate that the produced graphene-PMMA nanolaminate surpasses, in terms of gas barrier properties, the traditional discontinuous graphene-particle composites with a similar filler content. Moreover, we found that the gas permeability through the nanocomposites departs from a monotonic decrease as a function of relative humidity, which is instead evident in the case of the pure PMMA nanolaminate. This work suggests the possible use of Chemical Vapour Deposition graphene-polymer nanolaminates as a flexible gas barrier, thus enlarging the spectrum of applications for this novel material.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Effective EMI shielding behaviour of thin graphene/PMMA nanolaminates in the THz range.
- Author
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Pavlou C, Pastore Carbone MG, Manikas AC, Trakakis G, Koral C, Papari G, Andreone A, and Galiotis C
- Abstract
The use of graphene in a form of discontinuous flakes in polymer composites limits the full exploitation of the unique properties of graphene, thus requiring high filler loadings for achieving- for example- satisfactory electrical and mechanical properties. Herein centimetre-scale CVD graphene/polymer nanolaminates have been produced by using an iterative 'lift-off/float-on' process and have been found to outperform, for the same graphene content, state-of-the-art flake-based graphene polymer composites in terms of mechanical reinforcement and electrical properties. Most importantly these thin laminate materials show a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, reaching 60 dB for a small thickness of 33 μm, and an absolute EMI shielding effectiveness close to 3·10
5 dB cm2 g-1 which is amongst the highest values for synthetic, non-metallic materials produced to date., (© 2021. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Multi-functional 2D hybrid aerogels for gas absorption applications.
- Author
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Androulidakis C, Kotsidi M, Gorgolis G, Pavlou C, Sygellou L, Paterakis G, Koutroumanis N, and Galiotis C
- Abstract
Aerogels have attracted significant attention recently due to their ultra-light weight porous structure, mechanical robustness, high electrical conductivity, facile scalability and their use as gas and oil absorbers. Herein, we examine the multi-functional properties of hybrid aerogels consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) integrated with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) platelets. Using a freeze-drying approach, hybrid aerogels are fabricated by simple mixing with various volume fractions of hBN and rGO up to 0.5/0.5 ratio. The fabrication method is simple, cost effective, scalable and can be extended to other 2D materials combinations. The hybrid rGO/hBN aerogels (HAs) are mechanically robust and highly compressible with mechanical properties similar to those of the pure rGO aerogel. We show that the presence of hBN in the HAs enhances the gas absorption capacities of formaldehyde and water vapour up to ~ 7 and > 8 times, respectively, as compared to pure rGO aerogel. Moreover, the samples show good recoverability, making them highly efficient materials for gas absorption applications and for the protection of artefacts such as paintings in storage facilities. Finally, even in the presence of large quantity of insulating hBN, the HAs are electrically conductive, extending the potential application spectrum of the proposed hybrids to the field of electro-thermal actuators. The work proposed here paves the way for the design and production of novel 2D materials combinations with tailored multi-functionalities suited for a large variety of modern applications.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Nurse and patient factors: Predicting seclusion in adolescent psychiatric units.
- Author
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Yurtbasi MK, Melvin G, Pavlou C, and Gordon M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Restraint, Physical, Risk Factors, Mental Disorders therapy, Patient Isolation
- Abstract
Problem: Seclusion is considered a necessity when alternatives have failed. There is a consensus that seclusion has no therapeutic benefit, which justifies efforts to reduce the practice. This study aimed to identify nurse and patient variables that are predictive of seclusion on a large adolescent inpatient unit., Methods: Nested case controls were used to compare 72 afternoon shifts on which seclusion occurred to 216 afternoon shifts on which no seclusion occurred, between 2010 and 2013, at an Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Unit., Findings: Increased seclusion was predicted by a lower nurse to patient ratio, more male nurses on shift, fewer female nurses on shift, the presence of agency/temporary nurses on shift, greater combined years of mental health experience, and lower total HoNOSCA behavior subscale score. Unique predictors that increased risk of seclusion included greater number of male nurses and the presence of agency/temporary nurses, while a greater number of female nurses decreased risk of seclusion., Conclusions: Nurses play a unique role in seclusion outcomes that are separate to patient-factors and act as both protective and risk factors for seclusion. Changes can be made to staffing to reduce seclusion and future research should investigate why these nurse-factors contribute to seclusion., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Highly Deformable, Ultrathin Large-Area Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films.
- Author
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Pantano MF, Pavlou C, Pastore Carbone MG, Galiotis C, Pugno NM, and Speranza G
- Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a glassy engineering polymer that finds extensive use in a number of applications. Over the past decade, thin films of PMMA were combined with graphene or other two-dimensional materials for applications in the area of nanotechnology. However, the effect of size upon the mechanical behavior of this thermoplastic polymer has not been fully examined. In this work, we adopted a homemade nanomechanical device to assess the yielding and fracture characteristics of freestanding, ultrathin (180-280 nm) PMMA films of a loaded area as large as 0.3 mm
2 . The measured values of Young's modulus and yield strength were found to be broadly similar to those measured in the bulk, but in contrast, all specimens exhibited a quite surprisingly high strain at failure (>20%). Detailed optical examination of the specimens during tensile loading showed clear evidence of craze development which however did not lead to premature fracture. This work may pave the way for the development of glassy thermoplastic films with high ductility at ambient temperatures., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 American Chemical Society.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Sand fly fauna of Crete and the description of Phlebotomus (Adlerius) creticus n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae).
- Author
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Dvořák V, Tsirigotakis N, Pavlou C, Dokianakis E, Akhoundi M, Halada P, Volf P, Depaquit J, and Antoniou M
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Greece, Insect Vectors physiology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous transmission, Leishmaniasis, Visceral transmission, Male, Phlebotomus physiology, Psychodidae parasitology, Seasons, Species Specificity, Phlebotomus anatomy & histology, Phlebotomus classification, Psychodidae anatomy & histology, Psychodidae classification
- Abstract
Background: The Greek island of Crete is endemic for both visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and recently increasing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study summarizes published data on the sand fly fauna of Crete, the results of new sand fly samplings and the description of a new sand fly species., Methods: All published and recent samplings were carried out using CDC light traps, sticky traps or mouth aspirators. The specific status of Phlebotomus (Adlerius) creticus n. sp., was assessed by morphological analysis, cytochrome b (cytb) sequencing and MALDI-TOF protein profiling., Results: Published data revealed the presence of 10 Phlebotomus spp. and 2 Sergentomyia spp. During presented field work, 608 specimens of 8 species of Phlebotomus and one species of Sergentomyia were collected. Both published data and present samplings revealed that the two most common and abundant species were Phlebotomus neglectus, a proven vector of Leishmania infantum causing VL, and Ph. similis, a suspected vector of L. tropica causing CL. In addition, the field surveys revealed the presence of a new species, Ph. (Adlerius) creticus n. sp., Conclusions: The identification of the newly described species is based on both molecular and morphological criteria, showing distinct characters of the male genitalia that differentiate it from related species of the subgenus Adlerius as well as species-specific sequence of cytb and protein spectra generated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Impact of oral cleansing strategies on exhaled volatile organic compound levels.
- Author
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Vadhwana B, Belluomo I, Boshier PR, Pavlou C, Španěl P, and Hanna GB
- Subjects
- Exhalation, Humans, Mass Spectrometry methods, Oral Hygiene, Specimen Handling methods, Toothbrushing, Breath Tests methods, Volatile Organic Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Rationale: The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within exhaled breath potentially offers a non-invasive method for the detection and surveillance of human disease. Oral contamination of exhaled breath may influence the detection of systemic VOCs relevant to human disease. This study aims to assess the impact of oral cleansing strategies on exhaled VOC levels in order to standardise practice for breath sampling., Methods: Ten healthy volunteers consumed a nutrient challenge followed by four oral cleansing methods: (a) water, (b) saltwater, (c) toothbrushing, and (d) alcohol-free mouthwash. Direct breath sampling was performed using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry after each intervention., Results: Proposed reactions suggest that volatile fatty acid and alcohol levels (butanoic, pentanoic acid, ethanol) declined with oral cleansing interventions, predominantly after an initial oral rinse with water. Concentrations of aldehydes and phenols (acetaldehyde, menthone, p-cresol) declined with oral water rinse; however, they increased after toothbrushing and mouthwash use, secondary to flavoured ingredients within these products. No significant reductions were observed with sulphur compounds., Conclusions: Findings suggest that oral rinsing with water prior to breath sampling may reduce oral contamination of VOC levels, and further interventions for oral decontamination with flavoured products may compromise results. This intervention may serve as a simple and inexpensive method of standardisation within breath research., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Mosaic pattern formation in exfoliated graphene by mechanical deformation.
- Author
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Pastore Carbone MG, Manikas AC, Souli I, Pavlou C, and Galiotis C
- Abstract
Graphene is susceptible to morphological instabilities such as wrinkles and folds, which result from the imposition of thermo-mechanical stresses upon cooling from high temperatures and/ or under biaxial loading. A particular pattern encountered in CVD graphene is that of mosaic formation. Although it is understood that this pattern results from the severe biaxial compression upon cooling from high temperatures, it has not been possible to create such a complex pattern at room temperature by mechanical loading. Herein, we have managed by means of lateral wrinkling induced by tension and Euler buckling resulting from uniaxial compression upon unloading, to create such patterns in exfoliated graphene. We also show that these patterns can be used as channels for trapping or administering fluids at interstitial space between graphene and its support. This opens a whole dearth of new applications in the area of nano-fluidics but also in photo-electronics and sensor technologies.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Leishmania infection in lagomorphs and minks in Greece.
- Author
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Tsakmakidis Ι, Pavlou C, Tamvakis Α, Papadopoulos T, Christodoulou V, Angelopoulou K, Dovas CI, Antoniou Μ, Anastasakis C, and Diakou Α
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Animals, Wild, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Confidence Intervals, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Female, Greece epidemiology, Leishmania genetics, Leishmania immunology, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis epidemiology, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Prevalence, Rabbits, Spleen parasitology, Lagomorpha parasitology, Leishmaniasis veterinary, Mink parasitology
- Abstract
Greece is an endemic country for human and canine leishmaniosis. Studies about the role of lagomorphs and minks in the epidemiology of the diseases are, so far, limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Leishmania infection in these animals, in different areas of the country. Samples from 393 domestic and wild rabbits, 90 hares and 200 minks were collected and examined by cytology (spleen imprints) and serology (ELISA), while spleen samples of 116, 56 and 95 of the rabbits, hares and minks, respectively, were examined by a PCR assay targeting the ITS1 region. For every animal examined a form was created, recording information like date, area, animal species, sex, etc. All imprint smears examined were negative, while serology revealed infection in 7.6% (C.I. 5.0-10.3%) rabbits, 6.7% (C.I. 1.5-11.8%) hares and 20% (C.I. 14.5-25.5%) minks. Infection was confirmed by molecular methods in 2.6% (C.I. 0.0-5.5%), 3.6% (C.I. 0.0-8.4%) and 2.1% (C.I. 0.0-5.0%) of the animals, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that minks are most likely to be seropositive and that in rabbits, the breeding method (i.e. homestead reared animals) was associated with infection. Because of the proximity of lagomorphs and minks to humans and dogs it is necessary to further elucidate their role in the epidemiology of leishmaniosis., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Paradoxical and powerful: Volunteers' experiences of befriending people with dementia.
- Author
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Greenwood DE, Gordon C, Pavlou C, and Bolton JV
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Qualitative Research, Dementia psychology, Friends psychology, Interpersonal Relations, Volunteers psychology
- Abstract
This qualitative UK study explored the lived experiences of volunteer befrienders to people with dementia, using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine befrienders aged between 25 and 66 years. The relationship that developed between befriender and befriendee was at the heart of befrienders' experiences. It comprised numerous paradoxical processes that generated issues of power, equality and boundaries, characterising befriending as a complex and unique phenomenon. Befriending was expressed as a deeply personal and human experience, often with emotional power and profound meaning. Befrienders' personal learning included seeing past dementia stereotypes, challenging their own assumptions and boundaries, and reflecting on love, life and humanness. Dissemination of these findings could help to challenge the stigma around dementia, and enhance recruitment and support of dementia befrienders. Future research should consider befriendee experiences of the relationship, additional measures of befriending effectiveness, and exploration of befriender attrition and support.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Greek Aegean Islands: ecological approaches.
- Author
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Tsirigotakis N, Pavlou C, Christodoulou V, Dokianakis E, Kourouniotis C, Alten B, and Antoniou M
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodiversity, Ecology, Geography, Greece, Islands, Leishmaniasis transmission, Species Specificity, Ecosystem, Insect Vectors classification, Psychodidae classification
- Abstract
Background: Blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. Different Phlebotomus species transmit different Leishmania species causing leishmaniases which are neglected diseases emerging/reemerging in new regions. Thirteen sand fly species, ten belonging to the medically important genus Phlebotomus and three belonging to Sergentomyia are known in Greece. An increasing number of human and dog cases are reported each year from all parts of the country including the Aegean Islands. However, no previous study has been conducted on the sand fly fauna on the islands, except for Rhodes and Samos. The aim of this study was to investigate sand fly species in eleven small Aegean islands; to understand species-specific relationships with environmental and climatic factors and to compare sand fly community parameters among islands. A risk analysis was carried out for each species using climatic and environmental variables., Results: Nine sand fly species: Phlebotomus neglectus, P. tobbi, P. similis, P. simici, P. perfiliewi, P. alexandri, P. papatasi, Sergentomyia minuta and S. dentata, were collected from the islands studied. Phlebotomus (Adlerius) sp. and Sergentomyia sp. specimens were also collected but not identified to the species level. There was a positive effect of distance from the sea on the abundance of P. neglectus, S. minuta and S. dentata, and a negative effect on the abundance of P. tobbi, P. simici and P. similis. In general, temperature preferences of sand fly populations were between 21 and 29 °C. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in terms of temperature and relative humidity preference ranges among species. The most important species found, P. neglectus, was indisputably the most adapted species in the study area with a very high reaction norm, favoring even the lower temperature and humidity ranges. Overall, the sand fly fauna in the islands was very rich but there were differences in species diversity, as indicated by the values of the Shannon-Wiener index, along with evenness and richness of the sand fly fauna between the islands and altitude ranges in the islands., Conclusions: The study indicated that the Greek Aegean Islands, however small, maintain a rich sand fly fauna. This includes important vectors of Leishmania spp. representing a risk for parasite transmission to humans and dogs along with the danger of maintaining new Leishmania spp. if introduced to the area.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Conduct of labour. Part 1.
- Author
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Pavlou C
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Patient Education as Topic, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Labor, Obstetric
- Published
- 1977
47. Gamete intrafallopian transfer in a non-IVF unit.
- Author
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Pavlou C and Pampiglione J
- Subjects
- Adult, Fallopian Tubes, Female, Hospital Units, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Insemination, Artificial methods
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The effect of pregnancy and two different contraceptive pills on serum lipids and lipoproteins in a woman with a type III hyperlipoproteinaemia pattern.
- Author
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Muller DP, Pavlou C, Whitelaw AG, and McLintock D
- Subjects
- Adult, Cholesterol blood, Chylomicrons blood, Clofibrate therapeutic use, Estrogens adverse effects, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemias etiology, Hyperlipidemias therapy, Pregnancy, Triglycerides blood, Xanthomatosis chemically induced, Contraceptives, Oral adverse effects, Contraceptives, Oral, Combined adverse effects, Hyperlipidemias complications, Lipids blood, Pregnancy Complications blood, Pregnancy Complications therapy
- Abstract
We report a woman who had a moderate elevation of serum triglycerides with a type III pattern of hyperlipoproteinaemia when taking a normal diet. She developed eruptive xanthomata with a grossly raised serum triglyceride concentration and chylomicronaemia when pregnant and also when taking a combined oral contraceptive pill containing 50 microgram of oestrogen. The xanthomata cleared and the triglyceride level fell when the combined oral contraceptive pill was changed to one with a lower oestrogen content, clofibrate was prescribed and the diet was restricted in carbohydrate and fat. Persistent chylomicronaemia is a serious complication of pregnancy because of the risk of pancreatitis and the potential risk of fetal malnutrition. Treatment with diet and clofibrate is indicated. High oestrogen-containing contraceptive pills appear to be contraindicated in patients with type III or other hypertriglyceridaemic states.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Conduct of labour. Part 2.
- Author
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Pavlou C
- Subjects
- Analgesia, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Female, Fetal Monitoring, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Pregnancy, Labor, Obstetric, Obstetric Labor Complications prevention & control
- Published
- 1977
50. Pulsed oxytocin infusion in the induction of labour.
- Author
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Pavlou C, Barker GH, Roberts A, and Chamberlain GV
- Subjects
- Adult, Apgar Score, Cervix Uteri drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Oxytocin pharmacology, Pregnancy, Uterine Contraction drug effects, Labor, Induced, Oxytocin administration & dosage
- Abstract
A randomized controlled trial was mounted in which induction of labour at term was successfully accomplished in 12 patients by amniotomy and intermittent (or pulsed) oxytocin, compared with 16 patients receiving continuous oxytocin. In the pulsed group, oxytocin was infused for one minute in every ten using a modified Cardiff Infusion System Mark III in the automatic setting. Compared with the control group the induction-delivery and induction-to-full-dilatation intervals were similar but the total dose of oxytocin required was significantly lower in the pulsed group than in the control group.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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