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Završni rad prikazuje proces prepoznavanja poslova udruge koje bi trebalo automatizirati te na primjeru izrade aplikacije za prikaz aktivnih događanja unutar studentskog ogranka IEEE-a, objašnjava korake izrade programskog rješenja na Android platformi. Obrađuje se postavljanje razvojnog okruženja, odabir programskog jezika i usporedba popularnih jezika za razvoj na Android platformi. Također se pažnja posvećuje objašnjenju značajki ugodnog i intuitivnog korisničkog iskustva te korisnih biblioteka za razvoj aplikacija ovog tipa poput RecyclerView, CardView i ViewPager2 biblioteka. Detaljno su predstavljeni i način prikazivanja i obrade fotografija pomoću Glide biblioteke, korištenje Google Maps aplikacijskog programskog sučelja i rukovanje asinkronim pozivima metoda Firebase baza podataka. Navedena su i uspoređena već postojeća slična tehnička rješenja i argumentiran je odabir izrade personalizirane aplikacije za organizaciju ogranka. U završnom su radu navedeni i koraci budućeg razvoja aplikacije i poboljšanja njenih značajki. The thesis explains the process of recognizing automatable activities inside an organization and exemplifies this process with a step-by-step description of an event management application development for the IEEE student branch Osijek. The thesis also shows the necessary steps to develop an application on the Android platform. It also contains an explanation of common design characteristics shared by applications with a pleasant and intuitive user experience and frequently used libraries such as RecyclerView, CardView and ViewPager2. It also expounds image displaying and processing using the Glide library, usage of Google Maps API and handling of asynchronous method calls to the Firebase database suite. Other existing technical solutions are also specified and mutually compared alongside giving a line of reasoning for developing a personalized application for the student branch. The thesis also lists the goals of future development of the application and the steps needed to expand the functionality of the application.

Honey bees are well-known for their capacity to collect particles from the surrounding environment on their body hair and transporting this material back to the hive. This subsequently leads to bioaccumulation in the hive, the level of which is ultimately determined by the number of honey bees and time. This phenomenon can be exploited for monitoring various compounds in the environment, for instance, pesticides or radionuclides. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapours are difficult to detect partly due to low vapour pressure and environmental factors. Under the Bee4Exp project, honey bees have been applied to detecting explosive material from landmines using both an active method of honey bee conditioning and a passive method of hive air and particulate sampling after free-flying and subsequent analysis. In the passive method the sensing is performed by monitoring the loss of light emission from a luminescent thin film sensor when it comes into contact with a nitroaromatic material that has bioaccumulated in the hive, such as TNT. Explosives were sampled by air pump from the hive interior for vapours, and particulates from polymer mats on the hive entrance. The results indicate that the passive method can be a promising tool for detecting trace explosive vapours in complex real-world environments, with the polymer mats showing higher TNT retention.

The development of methods for honey bee colony training to detect land mine odours in diverse conditions, including tests on the test mine field has been carried out for last few years. Conditioning of honey bee colony is carried out within the mesh tent using sugar syrup and military grade TNT scent. The results demonstrate high ability of bees to determinate DNT (c=0, 967), and to slightly less extent TNT (c=0, 689) odour. Fourth day after start of the training, bees clearly recognize target odour. Conditioned honeybee colony is transferred to the test mine field. At new location, conditioning with target odour and foor reward has to be repeated for one to two days. Offering of the food with target scent in the morning, followed with short periods with food reward during the day, can prolong interest of bees to search in the field for several days.

Sigurnost, kao jedno od temeljnih mjerila kakvoće informacijskih sustava, ovisi o velikom broju tehničkih ali i ne-tehničkih faktora. Suprotno općem mišljenju kako se ranjivosti informacijskih sustava nalaze isključivo u softverskom dijelu sustava, zapravo je ljudski faktor onaj koji predstavlja najveću prijetnju sigurnosti. Društveni inženjering je vještina iskorištavanja ljudskih slabosti s ciljem saznavanja vrijednih informacija o štićenom informacijskom sustavu, te kao takav predstavlja izuzetno važnu kategoriju penetracijskog ispitivanja u smislu utvrđivanja sigurnosne osviještenosti zaposlenika neke organizacije, te služi kao pokazatelj da li se unutar organizacije poštuju i provode unaprijed definirana sigurnosna pravila. Rad prikazuje, opisuje i kategorizira metode prikupljanja informacija socijalnim inženjeringom te programske i sklopovske alate koji se mogu pritom upotrijebiti. Security, as one of the most important criteria for information system quality assessment, depends on a number technical and non-technical factors. Contrary to popular belief that vulnerabilities in information systems are mostly contained in software, actually it’s the human factor that poses the most significant security risk. Social engineering represents the art of exploiting humans’ characteristics in order to elicit information and as such, represents a very important category in penetration testing with the aim of evaluating security awareness of a company's employees and also indicates if the security policies are being obeyed by the company staff. This paper enumerates, describes and categorizes methods of information gathering trough social engineering and software and hardware tools that can be used to aid the information gathering process.

In addition to production of food and pollination, bees have recently been used for assessment of environment quality. If we have thought bees to consume certain food, i.e. the food having certain odor, for a following day or two bees will relentlessly search for that odor. Due to this characteristics of bees, intensive research has been conducted in recent years of the possibility to use bees in confirming the existence of explosive or in detecting location were the explosive odor exist. Research with bees has developed in two separate directions, i.e. passive and active methods of mine detection have been researched. Research has been conducted at a mine test site in Benkovac. There were 1000 mines on the area of 1 hectar. Mines have been buried for more than 5 years. After the bees were accustomed to find the food in the location of the TNT odor, we moved the colony to the test site. Bees were interested in the TNT odor for one or two days, when new food must be offered, or a new colony prepared. Since TNT has a very discrete odor, training of bees is more complex.

Experiment was focused on the conditioning of the Apis mellifera carnica colony to search for DNT and TNT scent in controlled environment. After preparation of the testing mesh tent and feeders, 10 training and testing trials were performed. Majority of the experiments was carried out in a period from April to July 2012. For the training and testing of bees, artificial targets were designed. Six observers counted bees crossing and/or lending on the six targets, from which three targets were with and three without scent (control). Crossing bees were counted in the area of 20 cm above the target. Landing bees need to touch or sit on any part of the target. In average, 29.22 bees were crossing above TNT and 28.69 bees above control targets. The average number of landing bees was 9.72 on TNT and 2.78 on controls. When the target scent was DNT, in average 61.19 bees were crossing targets, and 42.64 controls. Results were more distinct in landing on DNT, when in average 40.42 bees landed on target with scent in comparison to 2.91 bees on controls. The number of bees recognizing DNT was higher in comparison to TNT due to its more intense smell. These results indicate that bees from trained colony can clearly distinguish target with odor by lending on it.

To find distant food, honeybee relies on well developed sense of smell. Conditioning the bees for pollination of less attractive fruits is standard procedure in agriculture. Conditioning of honeybees to the explosive smell is based on these experiences. Glass feeder was designed to provide a sufficient amount of food for the honeybees in the area with explosive smell. During the first two or three days honeybees find food and learn to recognize feeders containing food and explosive smell. When the honeybees find relocated food in less than 15 minutes, and there are no honeybees on controls, we assume that honeybees have connected a source of food with smell. Relocated conditioned colony on a new area was used to follow clustering of the bees on smell target.

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Some of the main problems in humanitarian demining are indeterminacy and lack of knowledge about current situation inside a mine suspected area (MSA). The borders of MSA are determined on the basis of information from mine information system (MIS: detected mines, mine incidents, interviews with population, minefield records, geodetic basis (maps, orthophoto maps), …). However, MSA in Croatia is a ‘’live matter’’ and changes in years after the conflict (people come back and use land in different ways). Because of that, the main idea of fusion of data, a priori information, contextual information and experts’ knowledge is analyze, interpret and combine all type of data about some MSA for getting information on current situation inside this particular MSA. These information are presented on danger maps [3] and support experts for humanitarian demining in the decision making about mine suspected area reduction or confirm suspicions in MSA [3]. In data fusion the images of airborne acquisition are used for detecting and enhancement of indicators of mine absence (IMA) [1] [4] and mine presence (IMP) [1] [4]. Furthermore, in data fusion a priori information, contextual information and experts’ knowledge are used for linking indicators with their impacts on environment and on each other within MSA. These impacts and levels of danger are shown on the danger maps [4]. The confidence map [4] is also an important product of data fusion, because it gives confidence (analytical assessment) of every statement on a danger map.

Pčele se dobro orijentiraju u prostoru, a za pronalaženje hrane oslanjaju se na dobro razvijen osjet mirisa. Ukoliko krenu na određenu hranu, ostaju vjerne toj hrani i mirisu te hrane sve dok traje paša bez obzira što se u okolini javlja novi izvor hrane. Poznavanjem ponašanja i njihove biologije moguće je upravljati s pčelama. Možemo ih usmjeriti da traže miris koji smo im povezali s izvorom hrane ili da se kreću u prostoru na koji smo ih usmjerili. Dosadašnja istraživanja otkrivanja mina s pčelama razvijalal su se u dva odvojena pravca. Istraživana je pasivna i aktivna metoda otkrivanja eksploziva. Pčele pasivno unose u košnicu čestice koje za vrijeme leta pokupe na dlačicama tijela. U košnici se ove čestice skupljaju i moguće ih je utvrditi. Pčele je moguće naučiti da aktivno otkrivaju miris eksploziva za 4 do 7 dana. Pčele ostaju zainteresirane za naučeni miris slijedećih jedan do dva dana.

Mine detection system using honeybees has been strongly influenced by fereign and our own experiences, analysis of other systems with similar features and studies of the nature of heneybees. For instance, it is known that honeybees readly condition themselves to new "odours of interest" by switching from one food source to another as various plants come into flower. Mine seeking bees, conditioned by associating volatiles from substances of interest with food rewards, are easily trained. The molecules of the most frequent explosive, TNT (or of its residue DNT) are found to be similar in size and shape to a number of natural substances and may fit into honeybees chemoreceptors. The benefites of the mine detection systen using bees are based not only on the hihgy sensitive olfactory sensors of honeybees and other performances of heneybees, verified in the cours of latest 30 years of researches, but also on the investigated properties of materials and objects to be detected. Bees conditioning procedure, crucial and most important for the active method, is very short and simple. Honeybees are feed with a sugar water mixture in the area of explosive presence in front of the hive. After 1-2 days, bees have learned to associate the food - reward sugar - water with the odour of explosive, and they are capable to detect, with their olfactory sensors, the odour of explosive which navigates them from the distance. Bees persits searching for the source reward following the explosive odour for 1-2 days. Attracted by the odour and seduced by the expected non- existent food source, they concentrate on a centre emanting explosive vapour, fly across and hover above a buried mine. The flight should be monitoring and registrated, the data about it on line captured, collected and processed. Numbers of bees' visits should be integrated over time and compared to those over the rest of area. Using the infra red camera, density of bees over an area should be mapped, and on the basis of the cumulative bee flights above a mine, mine location should be pin- pointed and a landmine map made.

Bees have a developed olfactory sense, so we would like to suggest the use of bees in mine detection in inaccessible terrain and mechanically demined terrain. Bees have traditionally trained on new scents when they are moved to new pastures and when they are used in pollination. Dr, Bromenshenk (2002) from Montana, USA, has proved the possibility of training the bees on the scent of explosive scent, in he has also calculated the ROC. If the bees are fed in the area rich with explosive scent, in few days they will link the food source with the scents present. The next day the bees will search for the scent, expecting to find food sources in these places. The bees will give up on the search for the explosive scent after a day or two, depending on natural sources of nectar in the environmen. The preparation of second group of the community of bees enables continued work.

Modern scientific research methods increasingly depend on some kind of supercomputing nfrastructure. As the new distributed programming paradigm found its place among academic and scientific circles, high-performance parallel computing is becoming a very important scientific tool. On the other hand, we must consider some limitations that we might face in the near future. We would like to show the influence of Moore's law on the future of scientific research which depends on high-performance computing infrastructure. Through the presentation we will show our vision of a new model of exploiting and sharing the computing resources. The presentation will also cover a short technical description of what is going on in our research lab regarding this issue.

More generally e-Science refers to the development of the next generation infrastructure to support computation-ally based science. This involves the effective utilization of distributed computing, network storage and scientific visualization resources. These implement a wide range of operations, such as convolution, histogram equalization and template matching. Rendering and processing complex scientific visualization on desktop computers could ask for processing days. But the same part of job, or process if it is distributed on several nodes could be done much faster. The graphical applications usually have a tremendous potential for parallelism.

Development of system of bee detection of suspected minefields have some very important advantages over the systems used date. In 1-2 hours after implementing the instruments and beehives near the minefield, bees start to forage without a risk for humans (it offers potential of standoff detection). A detection process is conducted in 2 phases: 1) bees, in a free flight above the mines, collect on their hairs various particles from the air and bring them to the hive and 2) air samples from the hive are chemically analyted to detect the trace of explosives. The radius of the bees flight ranged up to 1500m. With technological treatmens bees could bee oriented in their moving to a desired suspected area. The bees are choiced as the best biological detector for suspected minefields performing their searching tasks in the free flight above field mines, not limited by explosions, inaccessible terrain or forest. The system is applicable everywhere, as the bees and beekeepers are avaible all over the world, and after detection tasks returned to their standard work. Method restriction is related to weather conditions and extreme bee forage to reduce possibilities to orient bees to the target area. Equipment for the air sampling, chemical analysis, and data processing is commercially available.

Provedene su CEN radionice u Kraljevini Švedskoj i Republici Hrvatskoj i predložene su međunarodne specifikacije / buduća norma ili standard za testiranje i evaluaciju strojeva za razminiranje. Cilj je testirati strojeve u skladu s tim standardom i da testiranja budu prihvaćena u cijelom svijetu, što daje smjernice njihovog razvoja i usporedbe. To znači da se testiranja strojeva obavljaju u specifičnim i ponovljivim uvjetima. HCR-CTRO obavlja i razvija testiranje strojeva i opreme prema međunarodnoj normi. U tom cilju se priprema poligon Cerovac kod Karlovca. Implementacija međunarodne norme za testiranje i evaluaciju strojeva za razminiranje u startu donosi prednosti jasnih kriterija koji pridonose razvoju i usporedbi strojeva. Dosadašnji kriteriji razvoja strojeva su bili vrlo različiti, što je utjecalo na veliku raznolikost u inženjerskom pristupu njihova razvoja, ispitivanju i neadekvatnoj uporabi. Sadašnji pogledi na ulogu strojeva su sasvim izmijenjeni u njihovu korist. Norma ispitivanja i vrednovanja strojeva će unijeti inovativnosti u njihovu konstrukciju i njihovu konkurenciju na tržištu. Strojevi za razminiranje će postati osnovni alati za buduće operacije humanitarnog razminiranja. Znanstveno vijeće HCR kao savjetodavno tijelo, nakon nekoliko godina istraživanja i razvoja na području novih tehnologija i standarda definira strojno razminiranje kao tehnološki proces. Taj način provedbe razminiranja ubrzava i smanjuje cijenu razminiranja, povećava sigurnost čišćenja mina i smanjuje rizik pirotehničara.

Development of system of bee detection of suspected minefields have some very important advantages over the systems used the data. In 1-2 hours after implementing the istruments and beehives near the minefield, bee start to forage without a risk for humans (if offers potential of standoff detection). The system is applicable everywhere, as the bees and beekeepers are avaible all over the world, and after detection tasks returned to their standars work. Equipment for the air sampling, chemical analysis, and data processing is commercially avaiable.

Present the original new Debian Cluster Distribution design methodology and implementation for High performance clusters. Linux clusters are being more and more adopted as supercomputing infrastructure facilities in scientific research laboratories, but also in other kinds of research work where high computing power is essential. With their price/performance ratio linux clusters more and more take over the market share of specialized super-computers. In order to build a "linux cluster" from a number of standalone PCs, one must upgrade a standard linux distribution with some extra functionality which will provide easy installation, administration, enforcing the security policy and monitoring of elementary resources within a linux cluster. Although some of the tools already exist, there are a very few complete distributions of linux targeting High-Perfomance users. The real problem is that all the cluster distributions are based on RedHat as a base Linux distribution. There are many linux distributions available on the market today, and every one of them has some pros and cons. But, some quality characteristics make Debian GNU/Linux a prime choice when selecting a platform for intensive "Mission-critical" applications. From practical experience, it is very well known that Debian handles the security patches in a very unique, admin-friendly way. The average system can be upgraded to up-to-date package versions in a few minutes, issuing only one single command. This is essential, because no administrator wants to spend his/her time manually resolving inter-package dependencies. There are some tools developed for this task targeted for other distributions, but APT (Debian's package tool) has been integrated into the system a long time ago, and is prooved to be very reliable tool, which is capable of resolving most complex inter-package dependecy problems. On the other hand, debian security team is one of the most responsive security teams among other linux distribution's security teams. All the disclosed security issues are patched and put to the official Debian APT mirror sites in less than 48 hours. Debian is often the first linux distribution that releases a patched package when a security problem occurs. In order to keep the system's security level high, this is a very important issue. Legal aspect also suggests Debian. Debian tries hard to be the 'purest' GNU distribution. The social contract assures that all the developed software is to be held within Open Source. Since it is driven by 'phylosophy', rather than the market, the concept is fully functional for more a decade. Unlike some other distributions, the first goal for Debian is quality of released software, and since it is not driven by the market, there is always plenty of time to assure the quality of software. Looking from technical, legal and security points of view, Debian makes the first choice when selecting a linux distribution for mission-critical deployment.

Kratka informacija o koncepciji i pripremi poligona za otkrivanje tragova eksploziva na lokaciji Rakovo polje kod Siska. Poligon je pripremljen u okviru međunarodnog projekta (SAD, Južna Afrika, Hrvatska) finansiranog od Ministarstva obrane SAD. U priopćenju dani su temeljni podaci o poligonu.

This paper presents mine situation in the Republic of Croatia, as well as demining activities and plans. Various stages in demining process, from general survey to quality control are discussed, regarding methods used and possibilities for improvements. Activities toward the goal of clearing Croatia by 2010, set by the National mine action plan, are presented. CROMAC's activities in testing new methods and equipment for humanitarian demining are also described. Numbers of test fields are already established in Croatia, containing real mines with modified fuzes. Possibilities of testing various detection equipment are discussed.

Dans cet article on analyse le rapport entre l'institution byzantine 'protimêsis' et le droit de préemption chez les Slaves du Sud. Les origines du droit de préemption ont été recherchées exclusivement dans les cautions fiscales du système fiscal byzantin. L'analyse critique de cette hypothèse sera le sujet de notre communication. Poznati su brojni i raznovrsni kulturni uticaji Vizantije na Južne Slovene i posebno na Srbe. Vizantijski carevi su bili uzor srpskim vladarima u srednjem veku. Na osnovu tih činjenica, kao i srednjovekovnih prerada Justinijanovih zakona, u studijama o starom srpskom pravu iznošene su hipoteze, pa i tvrdnje o vizantijskom poreklu prava prvokupa kod Južnih Slovena. Svuda gde su Južni Sloveni bili pod vizantijskom upravom i kulturom, učvršćivale su se i njene pravne ustanove. Tako je, navodno, poresko jamstvo suseda i seljana u Vizantiji prešlo kasnije i u narodno običajno pravo Južnih Slovena. Po autoru, pravo prvokupa je osobeno za agrarna društva i procese pretvaranja kolektivne (rodovske) svojine zemlje u privatnu. Privatna (porodična) svojina zemlje kod Južnih Slovena vekovima će biti ograničavana srodničkim pravom prvokupa; ono je primenjivano samo u slučaju njenog otuđenja. Priroda prava prvokupa i mišljenja o njegovom isključivo vizantijskom poreklu kod Južnih Slovena, predmet su kritičke analize u ovom radu.

Suspected Hazardous Area extent is a very important task. It can be done by using advanced computer vision methods and artificial intelligence algorithms on airborne and space imagery in order to extract new information of SHA and to detect indicators of mine presence. We introduce the concept and describe a procedure of strong mine presence indicators detection by using convolutional neural networks and rule-based inference. Also, we propose a recommender system that improves detection quality with interactive relevance feedback. Such a system may also assist in post-processing procedures and classification of indicators after their detection.

The potentials of hyperspectral remote sensing are widely used in many domains, e.g. in the geology, agriculture, forestry, vegetables and fruit industry, protection of the environment, sea and land pollution monitoring, forensics. Our attention is aimed on the application of potentials of hyperspectral remote sensing for humanitarian demining, unexploded ordnance survey (UXO), on detection of improvised explosive devices (IED). The start was in European Commission FP6 project ARC (2001) for humanitarian mine action, continued with monitoring of sea pollution (Croatian Ministry of Science project 2008), finished in FP7 project TIRAMISU (2012-2015) with mine action and UXO detection. In these cases was used hyperspectral line scanner V9 (Specim) integrated in push-broom mode acquisition system. In 2015 we introduced full frame hyperspectral sensor, UHD-185 (Cubert). Both types of sensors (line scanner and full frame sensor) were integrated into aerial acquisition and navigation systems on board of multiengine UAV and a light helicopter and applied in very intensive data collecting campaigns over the mine fields. Also the radio controlled blimp and a large helicopter were tested and evaluated as platforms for line scanner. Main results of the research and development, testing and evaluation of this new technology for mine action are presented.

A remote sensing method for assessment of spatial-temporal distribution of bees, was derived from 2003 to 2006 while its first operational application started in 2013 in the framework of the TIRAMISU Project. The method derives spatial-temporal distribution of the preconditioned (trained) honeybees above an area that is contaminated by explosive or landmines. For this purpose, a long-wave infrared cameras and high-resolution digital cameras were used. Direct detection of honeybees on an image is limited by the resolution of the electro-optical sensor, so for detection and assessment of spatial-temporal distribution of honeybees the principal components analysis (PCA) is crucial. The key feature of the method is an indirect detection of bees, by detecting their signatures in the principal component raster, obtained by processing the images of the time sequence. Within this project we have tested a several platforms for data acquisition: radio controlled blimp (2013), remotely piloted aircraft system (2014, 2015) and a mast (2013, 2015). The greatest challenge was to find an appropriate airborne platform and operational parameters for visible wavelength data acquisition since it is much harder to detect honeybees in this wavelength range, regarding lower contrast of honeybees to ground surface. Finally, in 2015, successful results were achieved with an RPAS and color camera with these parameters: 4096x2160 pixels, 24 bits and 25 frames/s. The 25 frames per second enables fine temporal resolution and estimation of spatial-temporal density.

In this paper, we present a case study report on how novel robotics technologies like the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and data processing methodologies could be used in order to support the traditional mine action procedures and be directly applied onto the terrain while increasing the operational efficiency, supporting mine action workers and minimizing human suffering in case of natural disaster with impact to mine action. Our case study is focusing on the region Olovo (Central Bosnia and Herzegovina) in response to massive flooding, landslides and sediment torrents in spring- summer of 2014. Such destructive impact of the natural disaster on the mine action situation resulted with a re-localizing of many explosive remnants of war which have been moved due to the flooding and landslides with significant negative environmental and security consequences increasing new potentially suspected hazardous areas. What will be elaborated in this paper is the following: problem definition with a statement of needs, data acquisition procedures with UAS, data processing and quality assessment and usability in further mine action procedures.

In this paper, we present results of UAV applicability level for Hyperspectral Line Scanner survey of mine suspected areas, in particular for the purpose of vegetation analysis in and outside of mine-contaminated areas. The emphasis is placed on testing different UAVs with predefined platform requirements measures for specific purpose and sensor system.

The use of the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for humanitarian mine action is comming technology. There is a large discrepancy between very simplified offering of UAS industry and the needs of the mine action. The misunderstanding between the potentials and operational needs is a main obstacle for deployment of UAS in mine action. The own experience of the application of UAS in a large mine suspected areas, influenced by severe natural disaster in 2014 motivated us to consider this topic deeper. In considered cases UAS were exposed to the variety of extreme requirements, the situations, terrain, relief, vegetation, hazard level, acces, GPS satelite availability. Our goal is to derive situation spatial statistical models and explain impact of majority of the mentioned variables. Aerial mapping of the affected mine suspected area damaged by landslides, torrents and floods was conducted with two different UAS, we use only one data set. Once obtained, the data acquired from the UAS were processed and new digital orthomosaic and digital surface terrain models of affected mine suspected areas were produced. When the initial evaluation of spatial accuracy was done it was found that the value of spatial positional error varies, considerably from 1m to 45m, regardless of the uniform processing procedure. Due to various factors that could affect the data to oscillate in positional accuracy so greatly it is clear that simply understanding of this phenomenon is not possible and it is necessary conduct deeper analysis of the data. For further analysis one data set of 11 recorded locations was selected. In this paper will be presented different statistical models of the various factors influence on the realization of spatial accuracy.

Non-technical survey of Suspected Hazardous Area (SHA) is a very complex procedure that is additionally hindered when the area is under destructive impact of landslides and sediment torrents. Employment of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) in non-techical survey can be of great significance in such circumstances when, due to inaccessibility of the location and high risks connected to it, it is impossible to define the destructive impact of landslides and sediment torrents. Aerial survey of such area can provide substantial information on the impact of these destructive phenomena, its elements, placement and indication of its status, and sometimes also provide information of the MSA indicators (bunkers, trenches, roads and landmarks of the minefield records, etc.). In the case study of the location Krsno polje (municipality Maglaj), there will be presented a complete integrated operating procedure: problem definition with a statement of needs, data acquisition procedures applied with such systems, data processing and quality assessment and usablity in further mine action procedures. At this location, greatly affected by a natural disaster that has befallen upon B&H in May of 2014., both mine endangerment and backfilling of civilian houses ocurred, including the potential risk of spreading onto the road between Maglaj and Zavidovići resulting in possible cut-offs in regional road communication. Demining activities were undertaken at the location, as well as the removal of deposited material that struck residential buildings and yards ; however not the landslide that of which a significant part is situated in the MSA. The area has not been remediated and is still a threat endandgering the region with possible reactivation, expansion and mine displacement.

The airborne and space borne hyper spectral remote sensing is new challenge for the application in humanitarian mine action. The basic knowledge and the understanding of the demands, needs and requirements to this technology in the domain of humanitarian mine action starts from the available knowledge in the agriculture, forestry, ecology, land use, land cover, military surveillance and reconnaissance etc. The research of the basic behavior of hyper spectral features, potentially relevant for the humanitarian mine action, was conducted on several minefields using the ground vehicle based system. The development of the ground vehicle based system started in 2012, its advancement continued in 2013 and 2014, in the frame of EU FP7 project TIRAMISU. The experience collected during research phase leaded to development of the model of a ground vehicle based hyper spectral remote sensing system which can be applied for technical survey.

Mine clearance and reduction of Suspected Hazardous Area (SHA) are complementary actions in the process of removing the mines and of finding the final solution of mine problem in Croatia. Reduction of SHA in Croatia is carried out with the help of Advanced Intelligence Decision Suport System (AI DSS). The system analyzes and processes all available and comparable information, data and expert knowledge of the mine scene. For that purpose information and data from Minefield Information Systems (MIS) in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are need to be complemented with new and different data. In this article are listed and described types of images, information, data and expert knowledge used in decision support system for humanitarian demining for SHA reduction in Croatian and Bosnia and Herzegovina. These images, information and data were collected with aim to enable reliable detection of the indicators of mine presence and the indicators of mine absence. The quality of acquired images by AI DSS depends on the indicators that are looking at the scene. The public and comercial satellite images were very useful source for wider view of the considered areas, especially if they are collected with a time base. Contextual information and expert knowledge are associated with the type and configuration of the terrain and the indicators that are contained on it. All of mentioned type of data were used for the fusion of data and production of danger maps. Experts use those danger maps and the results of AI DSS for decision support in humanitarian demining.

This paper demonstrates how an application of GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis could be efficiently used to support humanitarian demining operations and restoration of mine-contaminated areas. The financial shortage usually triggers a need for priority setting in the mine removal process. This overview validates GIS-based Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) as capable tool for priority setting within mine action management. A combination of GIS analysis and a multicriteria method is applied to set humanitarian demining priorities in order to optimally reduce the risk caused by mines. GIS is outlined as a powerful tool for aggregation of information used in multicriteria analysis. It is also shown that coupled GIS-MCA model is very efficient tool for both functional connection between hierarchic decision levels and determination of the objective priorities. Besides GIS-based MCA for priority setting the paper will also demonstrate a development of Web&GIS-based MCA. By functional integration with web, priority setting process become fully transparent since stakeholders and donors are able to actively join decision making process using on-line web application.

Survey and definition of mine suspected area (MSA) of all territory of Republic of Croatia was conducted the by employees of Croatian mine action centre (CROMAC). However, due to the lack of information and in order to reduce the risk for the local population MSA was defined in larger dimension. In the following years, when after MSA was defined, CROMAC was updating it's mined information system (MIS) with new information and did permanently reduction/extension of MSA in accordance with the mentioned information. The multi-sensor system for reconnaissance and surveillance, and decision support system in conditions of uncertainty provide help in collecting and process new information for purposes of humanitarian demining community in Croatia. Requirements for new information on objects that are present on the scene are defined in collaboration with experts from CROMAC. Collecting and processing information are carried out according to those requirements. Collecting information with multi-sensor system is performed in order to find and position an object which was assumed by the experts that can be defended/protected with mines (indicators of mine presence - IMP) or an object for which experts assumed that can be free of mines (indicators of mine absence - IMA). In the conditions of uncertainty, the data fusion of all available data (MIS, GIS, ortho-photo, (war/military) maps, aero-photo images, multi-spectral images, satellite images, contextual data, common and expert knowledge) is used within decision support system. Result of the fusion is a thematic map which displays impacts of all indicators onto their environment and their mutual impacts onto each other. Such map is called a danger map, and it displays degree of danger around indicators within some specific MSA. This thematic image (danger map) is used as help to experts in humanitarian demining for better definition and reduction of MSA. Above mentioned systems were used in three locations in Croatia, and this article will present some results of this processing.

Minefield records on placing mines are the best source of information about presence, position, shape and contents of minefields. Experience showed that those information are not perfect, so, there is need for critical assessment of their value and applicability. In other words, type of imperfection has to be defined, and if possible, expressed quantitatively. This article will show some results of the statistical analysis of information quality in one set of minefield records within specific mined suspected area (MSA). Quality of information obtained from minefield record is important for production of danger map, since minefield records are the stronger indicator of mine presence on the scene with the highest level of danger. Because of the mentioned, it is very important to position a mine-field, and this can be done only based on good quality information from the minefield records.

There are same specific matters in the use of mine detection dogs in humanitarian demining in Croatia, and special task forces should be established in order to standardize certain segments in operational use of dogs. The first step in the work with dogs is their selection, and this step is necessary for future work. This paper will discuss the methodology of dogs training in our company, and advantages and weaknesses of each methodology. I have outlined the principles of the work with dogs according to standard operating procedures, and I explained advantages of a systematic verification of a mechanically treated area. In the work with dogs, medical care of dogs is essential. I endeavored to explain to a wider public demining with dogs, i.e. mine and UXO detection with dogs, from the viewpoint of a Croatian company. I have mentioned some proposals and thoughts about the current situationand of the changes which should be made with the aim of improving the methodology of using dogs in demining.