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3. The HERMES-Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder

Author

Fabrizio Fiore, Luciano Burderi, Michelle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Marco Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Filippo Frontera, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Marco Grassi, Alejandro Guzman, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Lopez-Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Raffaele Piazzolla, Margherita Piccinin, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Alexander Rashevsky, Irina Rashevskaya, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Norbert Werner, lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, HUN, Fiore F., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Di Salvo T., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Frontera F., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gambino A.F., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guzman A., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piazzolla R., Piccinin M., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rachevski A., Rashevskaya I., Riggio A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., and Zanotti G.

Subjects
CubeSats, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma Ray Bursts, Nano-satellites, X-rays, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Constellation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Modular design, Pathfinder, Sky, Temporal resolution, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is a constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting simple but innovative X-ray detectors, characterized by a large energy band and excellent temporal resolution, and thus optimized for the monitoring of Cosmic High Energy transients such as Gamma Ray Bursts and the electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events, and for the determination of their positions. The projects are funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research and by the Italian Space Agency, and by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 821896. HERMES-TP/SP is an in-orbit demonstration, that should be tested starting from 2022. It is intrinsically a modular experiment that can be naturally expanded to provide a global, sensitive all sky monitor for high-energy transients., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020

Published
2021
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4. Timing techniques applied to distributed modular high-energy astronomy: the H.E.R.M.E.S. project

Author

Andrea Sanna, Luciano Burderi, Tiziana Di Salvo, Fabrizio Fiore, Alessandro Riggio, Angelo Gambino, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Ángel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giavanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Paolo Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Matteo Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gamboc, Marco Grassi, Cristiano Guidorzi, Alejandro Guzman, Rosario Iaria, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Loper Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Irina Rashevskaya, Alexander Rashevsky, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranamonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgili, Norbert Werner, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, den Herder, J-W A, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Sanna A., Gambino A.F., Burderi L., Riggio A., Di Salvo T., Fiore F., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guidorzi C., Guzman A., Iaria R., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Piazzolla R., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rashevskaya I., Rashevski A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zanotti G., ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, and HUN

Subjects
CubeSats, High energy, High-energy astronomy, Real-time computing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Nano-satellites, Temporal triangulation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Modular design, Pathfinder, Temporal resolution, Gamma Ray Bursts, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites -- Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is an in-orbit demonstration of the so-called distributed astronomy concept. Conceived as a mini-constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting a new miniaturized detector, HERMES-TP/SP aims at the detection and accurate localisation of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts. The large energy band, the excellent temporal resolution and the wide field of view that characterize the detectors of the constellation represent the key features for the next generation high-energy all-sky monitor with good localisation capabilities that will play a pivotal role in the future of Multi-messenger Astronomy. In this work, we will describe in detail the temporal techniques that allow the localisation of bright transient events taking advantage of their almost simultaneous observation by spatially spaced detectors. Moreover, we will quantitatively discuss the all-sky monitor capabilities of the HERMES Pathfinder as well as its achievable accuracies on the localisation of the detected Gamma-Ray Bursts., 19 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020

Published
2020

5. The scientific payload on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat missions

Author

Yuri Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, Fabio Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ceraudo, Evgeny Demenev, Alejandro Guzman, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Mauro Fiorini, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Filippo Mele, Gianluca Morgante, Paolo Nogara, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego Caballero, Irina Rashevskaya, Francesco Russo, Giulia Sciarrone, Giuseppe Sottile, Dorottya Milankovich, András Pál, Filippo Ambrosino, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Jiewei Cao, Tianxiang Chen, Giuseppe Dilillo, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Ugo Lo Cicero, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, Giovanni Pauletta, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Andrea Santangelo, Chistoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Nicola Zorzi, Luciano Burderi, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Michele Bechini, Marco Citossi, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Marco Cinelli, Melania Del Santo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgóczi, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Mile Karlica, Pavel Efremov, Uros Kostic, Aurora Clerici, Borja Lopez Fernandez, Alessandro Maselli, Lara Nava, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Jacopo Prinetto, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Francesca Scala, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Tomaz Rotovnik, Enrico Virgilli, Ivan Troisi, Norbert Werner, Giovanni Zanotti, Alessio Anitra, Arianna Manca, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Evangelista Y., Fiore F., Fuschino F., Campana R., Ceraudo F., Demenev E., Guzman A., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Fiorini M., Gandola M., Grassi M., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nogara P., Pal A., Piazzolla R., Pliego Caballero S., Rashevskaya I., Russo F., Sciarrone G., Sottile G., Ambrosino F., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Borghi G., Cao J., Chen T., Dilillo G., Feroci M., Ficorella F., Lo Cicero U., Malcovati P., Morbidini A., Pauletta G., Picciotto A., Rachevski A., Santangelo A., Tenzer C., Vacchi A., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zorzi N., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Amelino-Camelia G., Bechini M., Citossi M., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Cinelli M., Del Santo M., Di Salvo T., Anitra A., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gambino A.F., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Karlica M., Efremov P., Kostic U., Clerici A., Lopez Fernandez B., Manca A., Maselli A., Nava L., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Prinetto J., Riggio A., Ripa J., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Scala F., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Rotovnik T., Troisi I., Virgilli E., Werner N., Zanotti G., ITA, ESP, CZE, SVN, and HUN

Subjects
Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, CubeSat, Transient (computer programming), Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Payload, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Steradian, Satellite, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) Technological and Scientific pathfinder is a space borne mission based on a LEO constellation of nano-satellites. The 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized detectors to probe the temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Fast transient localization, in a field of view of several steradians and with arcmin-level accuracy, is gained by comparing time delays among the same event detection epochs occurred on at least 3 nano-satellites. With a launch date in 2022, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone capability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. In this paper we will illustrate the HERMES payload design, highlighting the technical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a CubeSat 1U volume together with its complete control electronics and data handling system., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020

Published
2020
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6. GrailQuest and HERMES: hunting for gravitational wave electromagnetic counterparts and probing space-time quantum foam

Author

F. Scala, Silvia Piranomonte, Yupeng Xu, Piero Malcovati, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Chiara Ferruglio, Fabrizio Fiore, M. Rapisarda, Giovanni Della Casa, G. Zanotti, Andrea Vacchi, Stefano Silvestrini, Lorenzo Amati, Simone Pirrotta, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Alessandro Maselli, András Pál, M. Fiorini, Salvatore Capozziello, D. Milankovich, Mile Karlica, Irina Rashevskaya, A. Anitra, Marco Grassi, Barbara Negri, Filippo Frontera, Margherita Piccinin, Alexander Rashevsky, Daniele Ottolina, Simonetta Puccetti, N. Zampa, Claudio Labanti, A. Guzmán, Borja Lopez Fernandez, Luciano Burderi, E. Demenev, Ugo Lo Cicero, G. Dilillo, C. Guidorzi, Andrea Santangelo, P. Nogara, Giovanni La Rosa, A. Pasquale, Masanori Ohno, Marco Barbera, Roberto Bertaccin, Alessandro Riggio, Norbert Werner, Melania Del Santo, Raffaele Piazzolla, Jakub Ripa, F. Mele, Filippo Ambrosino, Massimo Della Valle, Michele Bechini, Ivan Troisi, J. Prinetto, Tian-Xiang Chen, Marco Feroci, Jiewei Cao, C. Tenzer, Lingjun Wang, M. Citossi, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Lara Nava, Pierluigi Bellutti, David Selcan, Francesco Russo, A. Monge, Pavel Efremov, Silvia Zane, F. Ceraudo, Uros Kostic, Giuseppe Sottile, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Ferrandi, M. Perri, A. Gomboc, R. Iaria, G. Sciarrone, Marco Cinelli, Y. Evangelista, Giuseppe Pucacco, Na Gao, Tiziana Di Salvo, M. Gandola, Tomaz Rotovnik, Enrico Costa, Dejan Gacnik, Gábor Galgóczi, Gianluigi Zampa, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Paolo Lunghi, Michele Fiorito, Arianna Manca, Riccardo Campana, F. Fuschino, Andrea Colagrossi, Aurora Clerici, S. Curzel, Alessandro Papitto, Fabrizio Amarilli, E. Virgilli, Gianluca Morgante, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Burderi, Luciano, Di Salvo, Tiziana, Riggio, Alessandro, Gambino, Angelo Francesco, Sanna, Andrea, Fiore, Fabrizio, Amarilli, Fabrizio, Amati, Lorenzo, Ambrosino, Filippo, Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, Anitra, Alessio, Barbera, Marco, Bechini, Michele, Bellutti, Paolo, Bertaccin, Roberto, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Capozziello, Salvatore, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Cinelli, Marco, Citossi, Marco, Clerici, Aurora, Colagrossi, Andrea, Costa, Enrico, Curzel, Serena, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Della Casa, Giovanni, Della Valle, Massimo, Demenev, Evgeny, Del Santo, Melania, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Efremov, Pavel, Evangelista, Yuri, Feroci, Marco, Ferruglio, Chiara, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, Fiorini, Mauro, Fiorito, Michele, Frontera, Filippo, Fuschino, Fabio, Gacnik, Dejan, Galgoczi, Gabor, Gao, Na, Gandola, Massimo, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, Gamboc, Andreja, Grassi, Marco, Guidorzi, Cristiano, Guzman, Alejandro, Iaria, Rosario, Karlica, Mile, Kostic, Uro, Labanti, Claudio, La Rosa, Giovanni, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lopez Fernandez, Borja, Lunghi, Paolo, Malcovati, Piero, Maselli, Alessandro, Manca, Arianna, Mele, Filippo, Milankovich, Dorottya, Monge, Angel, Morgante, Gianluca, Nava, Lara, Negri, Barbara, Nogara, Paolo, Ohno, Masanori, Ottolina, Daniele, Pasquale, Andrea, Pal, Andra, Perri, Matteo, Piccinin, Margherita, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Pirrotta, Simone, Pliego-Caballero, Samuel, Prinetto, Jacopo, Pucacco, Giuseppe, Puccetti, Simonetta, Rapisarda, Massimo, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rashevsky, Alexander, Ripa, Jakub, Russo, Francesco, Papitto, Alessandro, Piranomonte, Silvia, Santangelo, Andrea, Scala, Francesca, Sciarrone, Giulia, Selcan, David, Silvestrini, Stefano, Sottile, Giuseppe, Rotovnik, Tomaz, Tenzer, Christoph, Troisi, Ivan, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Werner, Norbert, Wang, Lingjun, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zane, Silvia, Zanotti, Giovanni, ITA, GBR, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, HUN, den Herder J-WA, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Burderi L., Di Salvo T., Sanna A., Fiore F., Riggio A., Gambino A.F., Amarilli F., Amati L., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertacin R., Bertuccio G., Campana R., Cao J., Capozziello S., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Costa E., Curzel S., De Laurentis M., Della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Della Valle M., Dilillo G., Efremov P., Evangelista Y., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Frontera F., Fuschino F., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guidorzi C., Guzman A., Iaria R., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., La Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Lunghi P., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Monge A., Morgante G., Nava L., Negri B., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Piazzolla R., Pirrotta S., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Puccetti S., Rapisarda M., Rashevskaya I., Rashevski A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zane S., and Zanotti G.

Subjects
Physics, CubeSats, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Photon, Gravitational Wave counterparts, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Space time, Quantum gravity, Astronomy, Triangulation (social science), 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, All-sky monitor, Observatory, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Nano-satellites, Temporal triangulation, Gamma-ray burst, Quantum foam, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

GrailQuest (Gamma-ray Astronomy International Laboratory for Quantum Exploration of Space-Time) is an ambitious astrophysical mission concept that uses a fleet of small satellites whose main objective is to search for a dispersion law for light propagation in vacuo. Within Quantum Gravity theories, different models for space-time quantization predict relative discrepancies of the speed of photons w.r.t. the speed of light that depend on the ratio of the photon energy to the Planck energy. This ratio is as small as 10-23 for photons in the γ- ray band (100 keV). Therefore, to detect this effect, light must propagate over enormous distances and the experiment must have extraordinary sensitivity. Gamma-Ray Bursts, occurring at cosmological distances, could be used to detect this tiny signature of space-time granularity. This can be obtained by coherently combine a huge number of small instruments distributed in space to act as a single detector of unprecedented effective area. This is the first example of high-energy distributed astronomy: a new concept of modular observatory of huge overall collecting area consisting in a fleet of small satellites in low orbits, with sub-microsecond time resolution and wide energy band (keV-MeV). The enormous number of collected photons will allow to effectively search these energy dependent delays. Moreover, GrailQuest will allow to perform temporal triangulation of impulsive events with arc-second positional accuracies: an extraordinary sensitive X-ray/Gamma all-sky monitor crucial for hunting the elusive electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Waves, that will play a paramount role in the future of Multi-messenger Astronomy. A pathfinder of GrailQuest is already under development through the HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) project: a fleet of six 3U cube-sats to be launched by the end of 2022.

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