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2. Tegel

Author

Paulus, Simon and Berghahn, Cord-Friedrich, editor

Published
2022
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5. Ultrafast laser heating for controlling the optoelectronic properties of sulfur hyperdoped black silicon.

Author

Mc Kearney, Patrick, Schäfer, Sören, Paulus, Simon, Roser, Michael, Piermaier, Fabian, Lebershausen, Ingo, and Kontermann, Stefan Ralf

Subjects
HEATING control, ULTRASHORT laser pulses, ULTRA-short pulsed lasers, SULFUR, FEMTOSECOND lasers, LASER pulses, LASER heating
Abstract

Ultrashort pulse laser processed sulfur hyperdoped black silicon represents a promising silicon-based material for infrared optoelectronic applications due to its high sub-bandgap optical absorptance. Non-thermal melting and resolidification processes associated with such laser processing, however, result in amorphous and polycrystalline phases which may be detrimental for this purpose. Furthermore, the sulfur impurities are electrically inactive, impeding the formation of a rectifying junction. This work demonstrates an ultrafast laser heating process based on heat accumulation with laser pulses of 10 ps pulse duration at high repetition rates of 41 MHz and peak fluences between 33% and 66% of the ablation threshold as a method to (i) recrystallize the material and (ii) electrically activate the sulfur dopants while (iii) maintaining the sub-bandgap absorption. Furthermore, laser heating recovers the optical activity of sulfur states that have been previously deactivated by thermal annealing. The demonstrated process can have versatile applications in material functionalization due to its highly localized heat input accompanied by high cooling rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Analytical model for extracting optical properties from absorptance of femtosecond-laser structured hyperdoped silicon.

Author

Schäfer, Sören, McKearney, Patrick, Paulus, Simon, and Kontermann, Stefan

Subjects
OPTICAL properties, FEMTOSECOND pulses, FEMTOSECOND lasers, ABSORPTION coefficients, LIGHT scattering, SILICON
Abstract

We set up an analytical optical model to emulate the absorptance spectra of light scattering, sulfur-hyperdoped silicon that we fabricate by using femtosecond laser pulses. The model allows us to distinguish between contributions to the absolute sub-bandgap absorptance from the path length enhancement of photons due to laser-induced surface roughness, on the one hand, and from the actual hyperdoped layer, on the other hand. Both effects are quantified via the two free parameters of the model. By varying the laser fluence and the areal pulse density, we create a range from almost planar to heavily structured hyperdoped Si samples that we show to behave almost like a Lambertian scatterer. The optical depth a1, i.e., the product of the absorption coefficient close to the Si bandgap energy and the effective thickness of the hyperdoped layer, scales with the surface area enhancement, which we identify as the main driving force for large sub-bandgap absorptances of this material type. It reaches maximum values of nearly a1 = 0.4, which refers to an absolute absorptance of 82% at a wavelength of 1450 nm. We furthermore discuss, quantify, and reduce possible error sources when determining the absorptance of such optically rough, hyperdoped samples with a spectrophotometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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11. Improving the Processing Efficiency of Femtosecond Laser Sulfur Hyperdoping of Silicon by Diffractive Beam Shaping.

Author

Mc Kearney, Patrick, Lebershausen, Ingo, Schäfer, Sören, Paulus, Simon, and Kontermann, Stefan

Subjects
ULTRASHORT laser pulses, SPATIAL light modulators, ULTRA-short pulsed lasers, FEMTOSECOND lasers, SILICON, LASER pulses, SULFUR
Abstract

We demonstrate and compare two approaches for reducing processing time for ultrashort pulse laser surface functionalization with application to femtosecond laser hyperdoping of silicon with a laser pulse duration of 800 fs and an irradiation wavelength of 1030 nm. In the first, we use a Gaussian intensity distribution and increase the repetition rate from 1 kHz to 1002 kHz while keeping all other parameters and thus the accumulated fluence constant. We find that the sub-bandgap absorptance of the material, which we take as target measure, decreases above a repetition rate of 250 kHz. This suggests an inherent limitation of this approach. The second approach is characterized by the use of a line-shaped intensity distribution which is achieved by diffractive beam shaping using a phase-only spatial light modulator. This process proves to be suitable for laser hyperdoping of silicon with a 22-fold enhanced area processing rate while maintaining a sub-bandgap absorptance of above 80 %abs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Modeling the Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure on Regional Energy Systems: Fields of Action for an Improved e-Mobility Integration

Author

Husarek, Dominik, Salapic, Vjekoslav, Paulus, Simon, Metzger, Michael, Niessen, Stefan, Husarek, Dominik, Salapic, Vjekoslav, Paulus, Simon, Metzger, Michael, and Niessen, Stefan

Abstract

Since e-Mobility is on the rise worldwide, large charging infrastructure networks are required to satisfy the upcoming charging demand. Planning these networks not only involves different objectives from grid operators, drivers and Charging Station (CS) operators alike but it also underlies spatial and temporal uncertainties of the upcoming charging demand. Here, we aim at showing these uncertainties and assess different levers to enable the integration of e-Mobility. Therefore, we introduce an Agent-based model assessing regional charging demand and infrastructure networks with the interactions between charging infrastructure and electric vehicles. A global sensitivity analysis is applied to derive general guidelines for integrating e-Mobility effectively within a region by considering the grid impact, the economic viability and the Service Quality of the deployed Charging Infrastructure (SQCI). We show that an improved macro-economic framework should enable infrastructure investments across different types of locations such as public, highway and work to utilize cross-locational charging peak reduction effects. Since the height of the residential charging peak depends up to 18% on public charger availability, supporting public charging infrastructure investments especially in highly utilized power grid regions is recommended.

Published
2022

15. The Political Elite of the GDR from 1949 to 1990

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
History, Minister, Public Administration, political elite, Geschichte 1949-1990, GDR, Karriere, Career Patterns, Cadre Administration, Kader, Politische Elite, East Germany, Deutschland (DDR)
Abstract

Funded by: Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media

Published
2021
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16. The Political-Administrative Elite of the FRG from 1949 to 2017

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
administrative elite, Minister, Deutschland (Bundesrepublik), political elite, Verwaltung, ministerial bureaucracy, Nationalsozialismus, civil service, top civil servants, Politische Elite, National Socialism, Germany, descriptive representation, Beamter, politicization, Politisierung
Abstract

Funded by: Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media

Published
2021
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17. Ce qu’il faut savoir sur Versailles : Die zum Vergnügen der Reisenden geöffnete Baumeister-Academie de Leonhard Christoph Sturm

Author

Paulus, Simon

Subjects
Paris, education, architecture, guide, académie de chevaliers, travelogue, Sturm (Leonhard Christoph), Wolfenbüttel, guidebook, éducation, Ritterakademie, visiteurs allemands, Versailles, German visitors, General Materials Science, notes de voyage, knights’ academy
Abstract

Almost two decades before his Architectonische Reise-Anmerckungen (Architectural Travel Notes), published in 1719, the German architectural theorist Leonhard Christoph Sturm published another ‘guide’ for construction-related travel studies, which, however, received far less attention in the relevant research. Die zum Vergnügen der Reisenden Geöffnete Baumeister-Academie (first edition, Hamburg, 1700/1702) is mainly addressed to the dilettante reader, primarily the young nobleman, and represents a summary of his teaching as professor at the Wolfenbüttel Ritterakademie. Based on this contextual background, the article examines the importance of Versailles in particular in Sturm’s canon of buildings worth seeing and studying, and the differences that become evident in comparison with the Architectonische Reise-Anmerckungen. Près de vingt ans avant la parution de ses Architectonische Reise-Anmerckungen, en 1719, le théoricien allemand de l’architecture Leonhard Christoph Sturm a édité un autre « guide » pour les voyages d’étude liés à la construction, qui a reçu comparativement bien moins d’attention de la part des chercheurs. Die zum Vergnügen der Reisenden Geöffnete Baumeister-Academie (première édition à Hambourg, 1700-1702) s’adresse au lecteur amateur, principalement au jeune noble, et constitue un résumé de son enseignement de professeur à l’académie de chevaliers de Wolfenbüttel. En s’appuyant sur ces éléments, cet article examine l’importance de Versailles parmi les bâtiments de référence que Sturm considère dignes d’être vus et étudiés, et les différences qui émergent de la comparaison avec les Architectonische Reise-Anmerckungen.

Published
2021

18. Die Politische Elite der DDR von 1949 bis 1990

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
Minister, Karrieremuster, Politische Elite, Nationalsozialismus, politische Eliten, Deutschland (DDR), Karriere, Muster, DDR, Kader
Abstract

Gef��rdert von: Bundesbeauftragte f��r Kultur und Medien

Published
2021
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21. Die Politisch-Administrative Elite der BRD von 1949 bis 1990

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
Verwaltungseliten, Minister, Politische Elite, Deutschland (Bundesrepublik), Verwaltung, Nationalsozialismus, politische Eliten, Beamter, Spitzenbeamte, Politisierung, BRD
Abstract

Ist nicht die neuste Version, für korrigierte Version siehe: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.17170/kobra-202102183290.2, Gefördert von: Bundesbeauftragte für Kultur und Medien

Published
2021
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23. Die Politisch-Administrative Elite der BRD unter Willy Brandt (1969-1974)

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
Verwaltungseliten, Minister, Politische Elite, Deutschland (Bundesrepublik), Verwaltung, Nationalsozialismus, politische Eliten, Beamter, Brandt, Willy, Spitzenbeamte, Politisierung
Abstract

Gefördert von: Bundesbeauftragte für Kultur und Medien

Published
2021
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25. Die Politisch-Administrative Elite der BRD unter Angela Merkel (2005-2018)

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
Verwaltungseliten, Minister, Karrieremuster, Deutschland (Bundesrepublik), Verwaltung, Nationalsozialismus, politische Eliten, Karriere, Spitzenbeamte, Politische Elite, Beamter, Muster, Merkel, Angela, Politisierung
Abstract

Gefördert von: Bundesbeauftragte für Kultur und Medien

Published
2021
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27. Die Politisch-Administrative Elite der BRD unter Gerhard Schröder (1998-2005)

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
Verwaltungseliten, Minister, Karrieremuster, Deutschland (Bundesrepublik), Verwaltung, Nationalsozialismus, politische Eliten, Karriere, Schröder, Gerhard, Spitzenbeamte, Politische Elite, Beamter, Muster, Politisierung
Abstract

Gefördert von: Bundesbeauftragte für Kultur und Medien

Published
2021
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28. Die Politisch-Administrative Elite der BRD unter Helmut Schmidt (1974-1982)

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
Verwaltungseliten, Minister, Politische Elite, Deutschland (Bundesrepublik), Verwaltung, Nationalsozialismus, politische Eliten, Beamter, Schmidt, Helmut, Spitzenbeamte, Politisierung
Abstract

Gefördert von: Bundesbeauftragte für Kultur und Medien

Published
2021
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30. Die Politisch-Administrative Elite der BRD von 1949 bis 2017

Author

Strobel, Bastian, Scholz-Paulus, Simon, Vedder, Stefanie, and Veit, Sylvia

Subjects
Verwaltungseliten, Minister, Politische Elite, Deutschland (Bundesrepublik), Verwaltung, Nationalsozialismus, politische Eliten, Beamter, Spitzenbeamte, Politisierung, BRD
Abstract

Ist nicht die neuste Version, für korrigierte Version siehe: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.17170/kobra-202102183291.2, Gefördert von: Bundesbeauftragte für Kultur und Medien

Published
2021
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36. Pathways toward a Decarbonized Future—Impact on Security of Supply and System Stability in a Sustainable German Energy System

Author

Metzger, Michael, primary, Duckheim, Mathias, additional, Franken, Marco, additional, Heger, Hans Joerg, additional, Huber, Matthias, additional, Knittel, Markus, additional, Kolster, Till, additional, Kueppers, Martin, additional, Meier, Carola, additional, Most, Dieter, additional, Paulus, Simon, additional, Wyrwoll, Lothar, additional, Moser, Albert, additional, and Niessen, Stefan, additional

Published
2021
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40. The Contribution of Carbon-optimized Battery Electric Vehicle Charging to the Decarbonization of a Multi-modal Energy System.

Author

Husarek, Dominik, Paulus, Simon, Huber, Matthias, Metzger, Michael, and Niessen, Stefan

Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations, CARBON dioxide mitigation, WORKING hours, CARBONIZATION, TRANSPORTATION industry
Abstract

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) are getting increasing intention when it comes to reaching the emissions targets within the transportation sector. In principle, BEV offer the flexibility to be charged in hours with low CO2 emission. The total amount of such flexibility for the overall energy system is determined in an agent-based simulation and applied within a fully sector-coupling optimization model (electricity, heat, transport). This allows to examine the effects from utilizing this flexibility on reducing the carbon footprint of charging. The flexible share of the BEV charging load is found to be correlated positively with the charging power and reveals that at least 77 % of the charging load can be shifted in time when the charging power peaks. It is shown, that charging processes during working hours can mostly be delayed for 4-9 hours whereas the major share of load while the vehicle is at home has possible delay times of more than 10 hours. While harnessing this flexibility, carbon-optimized charging can further reduce the carbon footprint of BEVs by a maximum 9.1 g CO2/km which equals 24 % in 2025. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

42. Essays in Energy Economics

Author

Paulus, Simon

Subjects
ddc:150, ddc:320, ddc:330
Abstract

The thesis at hand presents four ‘stand-alone’ essays in energy economics. The first essay is motivated by the basic idea that utility resulting from electricity consumption differs in every hour of the day. This hypothesis translates into a deeper analysis on demand elasticities of higher temporal resolution. The empirical results show that German hourly demand elasticity ranges from -0.02 to -0.13 with a distinct demand elasticity pattern. The second essay investigates the influences of regulation and gas prices on the emission levels of fossil power plants for all states in the U.S. It implicitly addresses the switch from coal-based generation to a less carbon-intense gas-fired generation over a thirteen years period. Besides best practice states, the results show that lower gas prices and stringent carefully designed CO2 regulations are suitable means to reduce CO2 emissions. Essays three and four investigate the impact on residential demand reduction through policy interventions specifically targeting a change in electricity use. As such, essay three investigates with the help of synthetic control groups the roll out of smart meters over a 13-year period and shows a significant negative impact of Advanced Metering Infrastructure on monthly residential electricity consumption that ranges from 6.1% to 6.4%. Essay four investigates conservation programs that have been established shortly after the Californian Energy Crisis in order to curb electricity consumption. The results show that short term programs have been effective leading to quarterly reductions between 6% to 12%. The essay furthermore provides evidence that some residential consumers must have been able to change consumption habits to uncover the majority of this reduction.

Published
2018

46. The impact of advanced metering infrastructure on residential electricity consumption: Evidence from California

Author

Paschmann, Martin Heinrich and Paulus, Simon

Subjects
energy conservation, D83, informational feedback, C91, ddc:330, D12, smart meters, behavioral economics, D14, bounded rationality, residential electricity consumption, D11
Abstract

One important pillar in the debate about energy-saving measures addresses energy conservation. In this paper, we focus on the deployment of advanced metering infrastructure to reduce the impact of limited information and bounded rationality of consumers. For California, we empirically analyze the influence of a statewide and policy-driven installation of advanced metering infrastructure. We apply synthetic control methods to derive a suitable control group. We then conduct a Difference-in-Differences estimation and find a significant negative impact of smart meters on monthly residential electricity consumption that ranges from 6.1 to 6.4%. Second, such an impact only occurs in non-heating periods and does not fade out over the analyzed time period.

Published
2017

47. Competition and Regulation as a Means of Reducing CO2 Emissions: Experience from U.S. Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Author

Growitsch, Christian, Paulus, Simon, and Wetzel, Heike

Subjects
C61, environmental regulation, carbon dioxide emission performance, ddc:330, D24, data envelopment analysis, L94, global Malmquist index, Q58
Abstract

Levels of CO2 emissions from electricity generation in the U.S. have changed considerably in the last decade. This development can be attributed to two factors. First, the shale gas revolution has reduced gas prices significantly, leading to a crowding out of the more CO2-intensive coal for electricity generation. Secondly, environmental regulations have been tightened at both the federal and the state level. In this article, we analyze the relative CO2 emission performance across 48 states in the U.S. using a two-stage empirical approach. In the first stage, we identify the states that followed best practice between 2000 and 2013, by applying nonparametric benchmarking techniques. In the second stage, we regress our CO2 emission performance indicators on the state-specific national gas prices, the states' CO2 regulatory policies and a number of other state-specific factors in order to identify the main drivers of the developments. We find that the CO2 emission performance improved on average by 15% across all states from 2000 to 2013. Furthermore, our second-stage results support the argument that decreasing natural gas prices and stringent regulatory measures, such as cap-and-trade programs, have a positive impact on the state-specific CO2 emission performance.

Published
2017

49. Die Verwaltung des Strafrechts. Eine Rechtsgeschichte der deutschen Staatsanwaltschaft

Author

Simon, Dieter, Paulus, Simon, Finger, Vera, Simon, Dieter, Paulus, Simon, and Finger, Vera

Abstract

„Die Verwaltung des Strafrechts“ ist eine Rechtsgeschichte über die deutsche Staatsanwaltschaft. Deren Institutionengenese beginnt mit einem Urknall – dem preußischen ad-hoc-Gesetz vom 17. Juli 1846 und dem Berliner Polenprozess von 1847 (Kapitel A). Sie reicht über kontingente administrative Strukturen in den Territorialstaaten (Kapitel B) und das Herauswachsen des Staatsanwaltes aus der Richterkritik des juristischen Diskurses seit der Spätaufklärung (Kapitel C) bis zur Konsolidierung der Staatsanwaltschaft mit janusköpfigen Funktionären im Niemandsland zwischen Justiz und Exekutive (Kapitel D). Im 19. Jahrhundert entstand diese Behörde mit ihrer Rechtsmittelkompetenz aus einem breiten Aufsichts- und Kontrollkonzept, das überholte Strategien des Ancien Régime ersetzte (Kapitel E). Entsprechend hatte der Staatsanwalt etwa als „Eheverteidiger“ Funktionen im Zivilrecht und Zivilprozessrecht (Kapitel F). An der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert verfestigten sich die Strukturen: Zum Proprium der Behörde wurden Fallselektion und Komplexitätsreduktion in den Strafverfahren – das moderne Strafrecht als instrumentale, mit Steuerungsaufgaben überfrachtete Strategie zur sozialen Kontrolle und Verteidigung braucht die flexibel selegierende Behörde im Vorzimmer der Strafjustiz (Kapitel G)., “Die Verwaltung des Strafrechts“ (“The Administration of Criminal Law“) is a history of law of the German Public Prosecutor‘s Office. The genesis of that institution starts with a big bang – the Prussian statute of 17th of July 1846 and the so-called Polish-people-trial held in Berlin in 1847 (chapter A). It then ranges from contingent administrative structures in the different territorial states of a single national German state yet to come (chapter B) to the evolvement of the prosecutor out of the juristic discourse held since the late phase of the period of Enlightenment (chapter C) to the consolidation of the Public Prosecutor‘s Office with its janus-faced functionaries ruling no man‘s land between judiciary and executive (chapter D). In the 19th century that agency was based on a concept of authority and control used at large scale to replace obsolete strategies of the Ancien Régime (chapter E). Hence the prosecutor was also featured in Civil Law and Civil Process Law, e.g. as a defensor matrimonii (chapter F). On the brink of the 20th century structures then solidified: Selecting cases and reducing complexity in criminal proceedings became the agency‘s very own agenda – since Criminal Law from now on has been used as an instrumental strategy overloaded by the task to control society in modern times, it is deeply in need of the agency, flexibly fulfilling selection in the secretariat of Criminal Justice (chapter G).

Published
2017

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