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Remote sensing coupled with the measurement of physical, chemical and biological variables is an important tool in water resource management. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the dynamics of the physical, chemical and biological variables of the waters of an intermittent river and an artificial surface reservoir using multivariate analysis and in response to land use and occupation in the hydrographic basin. The study was carried out in the hydrographic basin of the River Cruxati in four study areas (three river areas and one artificial reservoir), with images obtained from the OLI sensor of the Landsat-8 satellite. The limnological variables measured were pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) and chlorophyll a. The limnological variables were analysed using Principal Component Analysis - PCA, Tukey's test and Cluster Analysis. Eutrophication of the areas under study was calculated using the Trophic State Index. The PCA allowed three components to be selected that indicated the quality of the surface water, river and artificial reservoir, explaining 88.57% of the total variance. The limnological variables responsible for the grouping were electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. Land use and occupation has influenced water quality in the stretches of river. Anthropisation has had an influence on the levels of dissolved oxygen, and the presence of agricultural areas has caused an increase in turbidity. However, the most conserved landscape (artificial reservoir) had the highest degree of eutrophication due to the difference in water dynamics between the lentic and lotic environments. RESUMO O sensoriamento remoto atrelado a mensuração de variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas são importantes ferramentas para a gestão de recursos hídricos. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica das variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas das águas de rio intermitente e de reservatório superficial artificial por meio da análise multivariada e em resposta ao uso e ocupação dos solos de sua bacia hidrográfica. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Cruxati em quatro áreas de estudo (três áreas de rio e um reservatório artificial) e as imagens foram obtidas do sensor OLI do satélite Landsat-8. As variáveis limnológicas mensuradas foram: pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, nutrientes (nitrogênio total e fósforo total) e clorofila a. As variáveis limnológicas foram analisadas através da Análise de Componentes Principais - ACP, teste de Tukey e Análise de Agrupamento. A eutrofização das áreas estudadas foi calculada através do Índice do Estado Trófico. A ACP permitiu a seleção de três componentes indicadoras da qualidade das águas superficiais, rio e reservatório artificial, explicando 88,57% da variância total. As variáveis limnológicas responsáveis pelo agrupamento foram: condutividade elétrica; oxigênio dissolvido e a turbidez. O uso e ocupação do solo influenciou na qualidade da água dos trechos de rio. A antropização teve influência sobre o teor de oxigênio dissolvido e a presença de áreas agriculturáveis causou o aumento da turbidez. Porém, a paisagem mais conservada (reservatório artificial) foi a que apresentou maior grau de eutrofização devido a diferença na dinâmica hidrológica entre ambientes lênticos e lóticos.

A Microrregião do Baixo Jaguaribe, Ceará, tem entre principais domínios hidrogeológicas Embasamento Fraturado Indiferenciado, os Depósitos Aluvionares, as Formações Jandaíra e Açu. Que no geral a atribui características hidrogeoquímicas cloretadas sódicas e mista, e como elevada salinidade, também na maior parte nas amostras apresentaram presença do coliformes. A região é favorável com a disponibilidade de águas subterrâneas, porém alguns usos da água devem se ter algumas cautelas, para não comprometer a saúde humana, e demais atividades antrópicas.

This study evaluated the trophic conditions of the reservoir located in the urban perimeter of the town General Sampaio, semiarid region of the Ceara State, Brazil and its relationship with seasonal variation in rainfall between 2010 and 2011. It was obtained data for Secchi disk transparency, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a to calculate the Trophic State Index (TSI), as well as rainfall data. The Trophic State Index (TSI) proposed by Carlson (1977) and modified by Toledo Junior (1990) was used to test the influence of the seasonal variation in rainfall on hydrological variables and on trophic conditions of the reservoir in 2010 and 2011. There was seasonal variability in variables analyzed between climatic periods (rainy and dry) and trophic conditions determined through the trophic index indicated conditions ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic during the two years analyzed in this reservoir. Under these circumstances, one may conclude that the trophic status is related to seasonal fluctuations in the hydrology of the system controlled by rainfall, which is a common feature of semiarid regions.

The Carlson’s (1977) Trophic State Index (TSI) is a widely employed tool to estimate the degree of eutrophication in a reservoir. In Brazil, the need of a classification system that would take into account regional characteristics employed adjusted indexes generated by data from reservoirs in the southeastern region of the country. Current research compares responses for Carlson’s TSI (1977) and its derivations for Brazilian reservoirs from data collected in the Pereira de Miranda Reservoir (State of Ceara, Brazil), and analyzes the influence of local conditions on results and their applicability to reservoirs in the semiarid region. TSIs were calculated by data on total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and water transparency. The reservoir was estimated as mesotrophic based on the chlorophyll a variable, and between eutrophic and hyper-eutrophic when based on total phosphorus data and water transparency. Results showed the need to consider intrinsic factors in the discussion on the applicability of TSIs to reservoirs in the semiarid region since the peculiar hydro-climatic conditions and morphometric characteristics make them even more vulnerable to disturbance agents, such as winds which have a significant influence on processes that determine the trophic state.