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Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:20:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The survival, initial productivity, and the genetic parameters of Corymbia citriodora subsp. citriodora (CCC), Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV), and Corymbia torelliana (CT) were used to develop a breeding strategy for the Corymbia species. Survival, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) data were assessed 24 and 36 months after planting, and the mean annual volume increment was estimated in three trials. Longitudinal DBH data analysis was applied individually to each trial to identify the best and the poorest families at both ages. The mortality ranged from 5% in CT to 27% in CCC, and the mean annual increment varied from 17.8 to 20 m3·ha 1·year 1 at 36 months after planting. The 36-month narrow-sense heritability (h2a) was high for CCV (0.69 6 0.17), moderate for CCC (0.41 6 0.11), and low for CT (0.21 6 0.09). The genetic parameters indicated the need for different breeding strategies for each species. Selecting the best families while roguing the poor families allowed forward selection of CCC and CCV. It was possible to select good CT trees for hybrid breeding; however, improving the species population requires focusing on increasing the effective size and expanding the genetic variability in the CT population. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Km 5 Forest Industries Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC Midwestern State University (UNICENTRO) Sector of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (SEAA/I), Rua Professora Maria Roza Zanon de Almeida Engenheiro-Gutierrez Forest Science and Research Institute (IPEF), Via Comendador Pedro Morganti, 3500 Bairro Monte Alegre São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Km 5

Gene flow from an experimental plot of genetically modified eucalypt was studied by measuring pollen dispersal at various distances from the pollen donor up to a maximum distance of 1592 m. Spontaneous seedling establishment around mother trees, the potential receptors of GM pollen, was also verified. All trees analyzed in this study were identified as compatible for crossing with the pollen donor and their flowering time frame showed at least two weeks synchronism with GM pollen donors. As reported in previous studies, pollination occurred at short distances then declined rapidly within 200 m. The results obtained are consistent with data from other reports in different conditions. In the current study, only two GM seedlings out of 574 were detected at distances greater than 300 m from source (one at 400 and the other at 857 m), in rates varying from zero to 1.5% until 857 m, and null above this. Although effective GM crossings were found in compatible trees around the pollen donors, no spontaneous seedling establishment was observed.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Microsatellite loci were used to assess pollen contamination and mating patterns in an Eucalyptus urophylla seedling seed orchard (SO2) along with inbreeding and outbreeding depression in a second generation progeny test (PT2) established with SO2 seeds. We measured survival, diameter at breast height (DBH), and height (H) in SO2, PT2, and two other stands (SO1, PT) located at a distance of at least 210 m from SO2. Pollen contamination was substantial (11.9%), with the largest proportion coming from the closer SO1 stand (6.1%) than PT (4.7%) and 1.1% from unknown sources. The pollen dispersal pattern was isolation by distance but reached long distances (600 m). PT2 offspring were mainly the result of outcrossing (92.6%), but mating in SO2 was not random due to self-fertilization (7.4%), mating among relatives (6.6%), correlated mating (13.7%), and high male fertility success of trees with large DBH. Thus, families are a mixture of different levels of relatedness and some inbreeding (12.7%). Inbreeding depression was variable among traits; it was higher for selfing (39.6–49.5%) than mating among relatives (11.6–20.9%) and higher for mating between full-sibs (4.4%) than half-sibs (2.2%). Outbreeding depression was higher for pollen immigration from less improved sources (33.9–41.2%). Non-random mating resulted in a coancestry (0.152) higher than expected for half-sib families and an overestimation of heritability by 17.8%. Our results indicate that isolation distances greater than 600 m are necessary to avoid pollen contamination in Eucalyptus seed orchards. Furthermore, pollen immigration results in outbreeding depression, and selfing results in higher levels of inbreeding depression than mating among related trees. Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Ilha Solteira), Av. Brasil Centro, 56, CP 31, CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira Instituto Florestal de São Paulo (IF), CP 1322, CEP 01059-970 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/Botucatu), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18.603-970 Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF), Via Comendador Pedro Morganti, 3500, CEP 13.415-000 Eldorado Brasil, Rodovia BR 158 – km 231, CEP 79.641-300 Suzano Papel e Celulose, Avenida Dr. José Lembo, 2215, CEP 18207-780 Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Ilha Solteira), Av. Brasil Centro, 56, CP 31, CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/Botucatu), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18.603-970 FAPESP: 2014/03407-7

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:04:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study presents the description of the advertisement call and a second call type of Scinax dolloi, recorded at its type locality, Vila de Maringa, ltatiaia, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The advertisement call consists of a multi-pulsed note showing upward modulation in the initial pulses. The second call type is usually emitted between advertisement call notes and consists of a modified version of the advertisement call with juxtaposition of the pulses that form the note in its structure. The advertisement call pulse rate, number of pulses and note duration best differentiate Scinax dolloi, S. hayii, and S. perereca. Despite some overlap in the spectral components (frequency range and dominant frequency), the three species present significantly different means. Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Taubate, Inst Basico Biociencias, Lab Zool, BR-12030180 Taubate, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 06/56007-0 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2018/00694-6

This study aims at determining the establishment potential of the main species of the Pinus genus planted in Brazil and broaden the knowledge on the conditions that facilitate the invasion. The density of regenerants neighboring pine stands planted with 35 populations of Pinus spp. (P. caribaea (var. bahamensis and var. caribaea), P. elliottii, P. kesiya, P. merkussi, P. oocarpa, P. patula, P. pseudstrobus, P. strobus, P. taeda, and P. tecunomanii) was evaluated in three locations in the state of São Paulo. The vegetal covers neighboring the pine stands were evaluated regarding native vegetation occupation, open area, and eucalypts plantation. The census of regenerants was conducted up to 100 m away from the pine stand edges; samples were collected over an area divided into four 25m-wide transects. In each transect, the regenerants were quantified and classified into three size classes: sprouts (≤ 0.3 m), seedlings (≥ 0.3 m ≤ 1.0 m), and trees (> 1.0 m). The results indicate that Pinus elliottii is the species with the greatest invasion potential in the studied areas since it adapts to different environments. Areas without established vegetation favored regeneration, indicating the effect of the environment on regeneration occurrence. The number of regenerants increased near the seed source but decreased significantly between 50 and 100 m away, despite the directional effect of the prevailing winds and the long-distance dispersal capacity of the genus.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 For continuous genetic gains over time, a balance between genetic gain and maintaining the genetic base must be a constant concern of forest breeders. This study aims at determining the best thinning strategies for a population of Eucalyptus dunnii, by incorporating the effects of environmental heterogeneity and competition in the analysis, as well as the best growth trait regarding precision and accuracy. The population studied consisted of 160 open-pollinated families. The survival and growth (height, HT; diameter at breast height, DBH; and volume, VOL) were evaluated 4 years after planting. The growth rate data were analyzed and compared by four mixed models. Selection and thinning strategies were simulated by varying the number of families, individuals within families, and selected individuals, considering the estimated genetic gains and the effective size. The species showed good survival (89.7%) and productive performance (mean annual increment = 42 m3 ha−1 y−1). The Spatial+Competition Model provided the best fit for DBH and VOL. The strategies that allow a balance between improvement (genetic gains) and genetic conservation (effective size) consist of keeping 36 to 50% of the individuals in the test (370 to 510 trees ha−1), by reducing more intensively the number of individuals from the worst-performing families. The selection of 100 individuals with a restriction of at most one individual per family generates the largest number of effective size (Ne), with more than double the Ne obtained without restricting the individuals per family, with a small drop in genetic gain. IPEF – Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais, Via Comendador Pedro Morganti, 3500 Bairro Monte Alegre Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp) Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Km 5 Universidade Federal do Tocantins UFT- Campus de Gurupi Laboratório de Silvicultura e Melhoramento Florestal Palmasola S/A Madeiras e Agricultura Av. Claudino Crestani, 515 - Centro Escola Superior de Agriculutra Luiiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11 Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Botucatu), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CP 237 Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp) Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Km 5 Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Botucatu), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CP 237

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:29:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 Recently, pest occurrence in forest plantations has been increasing influenced by genotypes and environmental conditions such as climate change, thus impacting production negatively. In 2008, the exotic pest Leptocybe invasa (Hym: Eulophidae), known as the blue gum chalcid, was introduced in Brazil causing damage to eucalypt plantations in many regions of the country. To this end, this study evaluated the susceptibility of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (one seedlot), E. grandis (four seedlots), E. urophylla (four seedlots), and the “E. urograndis” hybrid (E. urophylla × E. grandis) (three seedlots) exposed to a natural infestation by L. invasa in two seasons (winter and summer). The attack on seedlings was classified in terms of severity as healthy (no pest attack), oviposition (only oviposition signs) and gall formation. The results show a significant higher pest incidence in summer compared to winter. Further, Eucalyptus urophylla was the least attacked and 90% of the seedlings were healthy whereas E. grandis showed the highest number of seedlings with galls. The E. urograndis hybrid showed intermediate results between the two species. Differences in susceptibility were observed between seedlots within species. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, which was expected to have the highest incidence of galls, had a high oviposition incidence (60%) and low gall incidence (< 10%), probably due to its provenance. The susceptibility of the different eucalypt families varied significantly with respect to L. invasa infestation, and family heritability ranged from 0.27 to 0.68. The genetic control of L. invasa is possible through the selection of tolerant and resistant material, considering the species, provenance, and family. Forest Science and Research Institute (IPEF), Via Comendador Pedro Morganti, 3500 - Bairro Monte Alegre School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, nº 1780, C. P. 237 Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 9 School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5 School of Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Brasil Centro, 56, C. P. 31 School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, nº 1780, C. P. 237 School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5 School of Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Brasil Centro, 56, C. P. 31

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-05-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:29:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2018000500611.pdf: 789670 bytes, checksum: 0030acbf3f4f5d4a690887652ffe3235 (MD5) The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype x environment (GxE) interaction in openpollinated Eucalyptus saligna progenies for simultaneous selection for greater stability and adaptability for wood volume, as well as to compare the selection strategies through combined and individual analyses in three environments. Three experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and six plants per plot, with 102 to 122 progenies. Three years after planting, survival rate and wood volume were evaluated. The genetic parameters were estimated by the maximum restricted likelihood and best linear unbiased prediction (REML/Blup) methods, and the stability and adaptability analysis was conducted using the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values (HMRPGV). The highest survival rate (82%) was observed in Sabinópolis and the highest volume (120 m3 ha-1) in Lençóis Paulista. The mean heritability of progenies for the two analyzed variables was considered high, and the genetic correlations between survival rate and volume were weak for all sites. The G×E interaction was significant and of the complex type, with genotype correlation between sites of 47%, indicating that the ranking of the best progenies differed in each studied environment. The analysis of stability and adaptability indicated the possibility of selecting progenies with good performance in the three environments; however, to improve the quality of the evaluated characteristics, it is necessary to select specific progenies for each environment. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação genótipo x ambiente (GxA) em progênies de polinização aberta de Eucalyptus saligna, para seleção simultânea para maior estabilidade e adaptabilidade para volume de madeira, bem como comparar as estratégias de seleção por análises conjunta e individuais em três ambientes. Foram instalados três experimentos, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcelas de seis plantas, com 102 a 122 progênies. Três anos após o plantio, foram avaliados a taxa de sobrevivência e o volume de madeira. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pelos métodos da máxima verossimilhança restrita e melhor predição linear não viciada (REML/Blup), e a análise de estabilidade e adaptabilidade foi realizada pela média harmônica do desempenho relativo dos valores genéticos (MHPRVG). A maior taxa de sobrevivência (82%) foi observada em Sabinópolis e o maior volume (120 m3 ha-1) em Lençóis Paulista. As herdabilidades médias das progênies para as duas variáveis avaliadas foram consideradas altas, e as correlações genéticas entre taxa de sobrevivência e volume foram baixas para todos os locais. A interação GxA foi significativa e do tipo complexa, com correlação genotípica entre ambientes de 47%, o que indica que o ordenamento das melhores progênies foi diferente para cada local estudado. A análise de estabilidade e adaptabilidade indicou a possibilidade de selecionar progênies com comportamento plástico nos três ambientes; contudo, para melhoria da qualidade das características avaliadas, é necessária a seleção de progênies específicas para cada ambiente. Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, no 900 Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Engenharia Campus de Ilha Solteira, Avenida Brasil Sul, no 56, Centro Suzano Papel e Celulose, Avenida Dr. José Lembo, no 2.215, Jardim Bela Vista Suzano Papel e Celulose Unidade Mucuri, BR 101, Km 945,5, Caixa Postal 63 Instituto de Pesquisa e Estudos Florestais, Via Comendador Pedro Morganti, no 3.500 Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Engenharia Campus de Ilha Solteira, Avenida Brasil Sul, no 56, Centro

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study compared the susceptibility of E. pilularis progenies (from Brazilian populations) to myrtle rust under controlled and field conditions in Brazil. High levels of resistance were observed under both controlled (96% resistant individuals) and field (97% resistant individuals) conditions, despite the optimum climatic conditions for disease development. Assessment of field susceptibility was more accurate at 14 months compared to 2–6 months. Individual heritability was higher under controlled conditions (h2 a = 0.81) compared to field conditions (h2 a = 0.17), indicating the former to be a more reliable method for testing susceptibility. Eucalyptus pilularis is rust tolerant while heritability is higher under controlled conditions compared to field conditions. Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) - Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) R. José Barbosa de Barros 1780 Fazenda Lageado Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais, Av. Comendador Pedro Morgante, 3500, Bairro Monte Alegre Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) R. José Barbosa de Barros 1780 Fazenda Lageado FAPESP: 2013/16941-9

This study aims at verifying the establishing potential of the main species of the Pinus genus planted in Brazil and broaden the knowledge on the conditions that facilitate the invasion. The density of spontaneous establishment of plants neighboring pine stands planted with 35 populations of Pinus spp. (P. caribaea (var. bahamensis and var. caribaea), P. elliottii, P. kesiya, P. merkussi, P. oocarpa, P. patula, P. pseudstrobus, P. strobus, P. taeda, and P. tecunomanii) was evaluated in three locations in the state of Sao Paulo. The vegetation covers neighboring the pine stands were evaluated regarding native vegetation occupation, open area, and eucalypts plantation. The spontaneous establishment of plants census was conducted up to 100 m away from the pine stand edges; samples were collected over an area divided into four 25 m-wide transects. In each transect, the spontaneous establishment were quantified and classified into three size classes: seedlings (≤0.3 m), saplings (≥0.3 m ≤ 1.0 m), and trees (>1.0 m). The results indicate that Pinus elliottii is the species with the greatest invasion potential in the studied areas. Areas without established vegetation favored regeneration, indicating the effect of the environment on regeneration occurrence. The number of spontaneous regeneration increased near the seed source but decreased significantly between 50 and 100 m away, despite the directional effect of the prevailing winds and the long-distance dispersal capacity of the genus.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 Eucalypt species are widely used around the world due to their high productivity; however there are some concerns about the invasiveness capacity of eucalypts. We assessed old seed production areas of commercial eucalypt species thought of being at risk of invasion in two places in Southeastern Brazil (Anhembi: lat: 22°28′S; long: 48°04′W; and Itatinga lat: 23°02′S; long: 48°38′W). We observed differences between places and among species. The species with the higher number of plantation stands and higher demand for seeds had more regeneration. Regeneration was recorded in only a few plots and trees and seedlings were found very close to the eucalypt stand, in sites where waste from seed harvesting is dumped. For spontaneous regeneration of eucalypts to occur there is a need for favorable environmental conditions. Such conditions may be created by human activities or natural events which suppress competition from vegetation. Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 9 APSD- Ghana, Plot 27, Block 27 IPEF - Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 530 FCA – Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias UNESP – Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” FCA – Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias UNESP – Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-06832019000100505.pdf: 651144 bytes, checksum: 6e1831795bd29a1dd72497746e5a16c9 (MD5) Potassium (K) is one of the most highly accumulating nutrients in Eucalyptus and, consequently, is heavily exported by the harvesting of wood. Moreover, its availability in the soil in most Brazilian plantation areas is very low, especially in the regions of the Cerrado biome, which has soils with low natural fertility and marked water deficits, implying a lack of nutrient supply and, consequently, a less efficient water use. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of K fertilization on Eucalyptus biomass yield, the addition of nutrients to the soil by leaf deposition, nutrient use efficiency, and soil K availability. The experiment was conducted with clone I144 (Eucalyptus urophylla) in the municipality of Tres Lagoas/MS, in a Neossolo Quartzarenico Ortico (Entisol). The experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of four K doses (0, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha(-1) of K2O) as KCl. Plant biomass production (leaves, branches, trunk, and bark), senescent leaf deposition, leaf nutrient concentrations, nutrient accumulation in the different plant compartments, nutrient use efficiency, addition of nutrients to the soil by leaf deposition, and soil K availability were evaluated. Potassium fertilization increased the biomass yield of Eucalyptus plants, senescent leaf K content, the transfer of K to the soil, the accumulation of K in the aerial plant parts, and the K content in the soil. However, it did not influence senescent leaf deposition yield or plant K use efficiency. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Programa Posgrad Agron, Dept Fitossanidade Engn Rural & Solos, Campus Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Dept Fitossanidade Engn Rural & Solos, Campus Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo, Brazil Inst Pesquisas & Estudos Florestais, Lab Melhoramento Florestal, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Programa Posgrad Agron, Dept Fitossanidade Engn Rural & Solos, Campus Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Dept Fitossanidade Engn Rural & Solos, Campus Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:45:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-15 To better understand the genetic variability among and within Eucalyptus grandis populations introduced in Brazil, we use microsatellite loci to investigate the mating system, genetic structure, and Australian origins of several introduced provenances. Our sample includes 981 trees from ten Brazilian populations and 254 trees from 18 Australian populations. Significant higher observed heterozygosity (Ho) and significant lower fixation index (F) was detected in grouped Brazilian provenance (Ho = 0.753, F = 0.140) than in Australian samples (Ho = 0.680, F = 0.220). However, Brazilian samples presented significantly lower genetic differentiation (GST ′) among populations (0.541) than Australian populations (0.838) indicating that the overall genetic diversity captured in the Brazilian collection is low due to the limited number of populations represented. All sampled Brazilian populations showed 100% correct expectation of attribution to their reference population, showing consistency with historical information. A lower fixation index (F) was detected in Brazilian seed trees (−0.101) than their offspring (0.140), suggesting selection against inbred individuals between seedling and adult stages. The outcrossing rate (tm) was high (0.994) with low variability among populations (0.921–0.969). However, some mating occurred between related trees (tm-ts = 0.149) and were correlated (rp(m) = 0.113), indicating that some offspring are inbred and families are composed of different levels of relatedness. The coancestry (Θ = 0.141) was higher and the effective size within families (Ne = 3.09) lower than that expected for half-sib families (Θ = 0.125; Ne = 4). Brazilian E. grandis populations offer the possibility to develop new breeding populations with high genetic variability due to their differing origins combined with individual selection. Instituto de Pesquisa e Estudos Florestais (IPEF) Via Comendador Pedro Morganti, 3500, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 13415-000 Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Botucatu) Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CP 237, CEP 18.603-970 Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CP 9, CEP 13418-900 University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Ilha Solteira), Av. Brasil Centro, 56, CP 31, CEP, 15385-000 Instituto Florestal de São Paulo (IF), CP 1322, CEP 01059-970 Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Botucatu) Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CP 237, CEP 18.603-970 Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP/Ilha Solteira), Av. Brasil Centro, 56, CP 31, CEP, 15385-000

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Universidade de São Paulo To identify stable and productive Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake families across diverse climate zones in Brazil, we evaluated growth and survival of 322 open-pollinated families derived from 13 genetically improved seed sources in 10 trials across the country. Survival and growth data were analyzed using linear mixed models and REML/BLUP. Survival ranged from 51% to 92%, and the mean annual increment varied from 19 to 46 m 3 ·ha −1 ·year −1 . Although planted in suitable climatic zones, some trials had low survival and (or) productivity. Conversely, the highest productivity was recorded in a zone considered to be of low suitability. These results show the importance of assessing the climatic requirements of eucalypts beyond those determined from analyses of their natural distribution, especially when testing already improved seed sources. A number of productive and stable families were identified based on analysis of the interaction between genotype and environment, and from these, 144 individuals were selected and had their genetic diversity estimated using 19 microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic diversity of these selected trees was equivalent to that observed in previous studies of natural populations of E. urophylla, indicating that breeding programs of E. urophylla in Brazil still retain high levels of diversity for sustainable genetic gains. Instituto de Pesquisa e Estudo Florestais (IPEF) Via Comendador Pedro Morganti, 3500 – Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (Unesp) Botucatu Rua José Barbosa de Barros, n° 1780, C.P. 237, CEP Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP APSD – Ghana, Plot 27, Block 27 Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP School of Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp) Ilha Solteira, Av. Brasil Centro, 56, C.P. 31, CEP Plant Genetics Laboratory EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CEP Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN Qd 916, CEP School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, CEP School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (Unesp) Botucatu Rua José Barbosa de Barros, n° 1780, C.P. 237, CEP School of Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp) Ilha Solteira, Av. Brasil Centro, 56, C.P. 31, CEP School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, CEP FAPESP: 15/15651-2

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:22:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-01 The estimation of quantitative genetic parameters in breeding programs is important to ensure efficient selection. In this context, knowledge of the mating system is critical, as it underpins assumptions about inter-relatedness on which variance component estimation depends. However, proper account of the breeding system is not always taken, either because it is unknown and/or because it is ignored. That eucalypts have a mixed-mating system is well-established, however many breeders use models that assume outcrossed mating with an infinite number of male parents (i.e. allogamous mating), from which genetic parameter estimates are then used to predict genetic gains. First-generation, open-pollinated progeny tests of Corymbia citriodora subsp. citriodora and C. citriodora subsp. variegata, being managed for seed production, were used to investigate the likely bias, resulting in overestimation of genetic parameters under the assumption of allogamous mating. When we assumed allogamous mating, we observed inflated predictions of additive variance and narrow-sense heritability (h^a2) of diameter at breast height and height. The overestimate of h^a2 was approximately 32% for C. citriodora subsp. citriodora and 21% for C. citriodora subsp. variegata. Inappropriate modelling of relatedness in eucalypts that assumes panmictic outcrossing when in fact these species have a mixed-mating system results in overestimates of the population genetic gain with selection. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Florestal Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Portaria II: Rodovia Alcides Soares, Km 3 Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 530 University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 CSIRO Australian Tree Seed Centre, Clunies Ross Street Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Florestal Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Portaria II: Rodovia Alcides Soares, Km 3

Unesp - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n

Tree improvement generally proceeds by incremental gains obtained from recurrent selection in large diverse populations but is slow due to long generation times and delay till trees reach assessment age. This places a premium upon extracting data from historic introductions used to found landraces when reinstating modern breeding programs. The value of such resources, however, may be degraded due to a lack of records on germplasm origins, pedigrees and early performance, but DNA technology may help recoup some of this value. Eucalyptus pilularis (subgenus Eucalyptus) is regarded as a premier hardwood plantation species for saw log and poles in Australia, but has not been used extensively despite early introductions and testing in many countries overseas. Here we use DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic diversity and inbreeding in historic introductions of E. pilularis to evaluate this resource in advance of a reinvigorated breeding effort for this species in Brazil. As expected, based on the available documentation for the introductions, genetic diversity relative to Australian reference populations does not appear to be compromised, and there was unlikely to be excessive inbreeding. Also, favorable, was the likelihood that further selections should not unduly increase the relationship in the next generation. Interestingly, we note the importance of testing widely adapted sources of germplasm when making introductions, as provenances which performed poorly in tests on productive sites in Australia, may have value when matched with lower fertility sites overseas.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-15 We investigated the rate of pollen-mediated flow and realized reproductive success at increasing distances from the source, across fragmented clonal stands of hybrid eucalypts in Brazil by parentage analysis of grown out seedlings using genetic data at 15 microsatellite markers. Two study areas were employed: a pollen donor area composed of a clonal stand of a single pollen donor clone (PD) and a pollen sink (PS) area composed of a mixed clonal stand of two other clones (PS1 and PS2). In the pollen sink area four plots with 30 trees each, located at 25, 200, 400 and 550. m from the PD were established as sink islands. Before flowering, the entire clonal stands of clones PS1 and PS2, with exception of the sink islands were clear cut. Seeds were harvested from five randomly sampled trees in each sink island and the paternity of 15 seedlings per tree, 75 seedlings per island totaling a sample of 300 seedlings, was determined with PD as the alleged father. The self-pollination rate in the sink islands varied from zero to 24%. Paternity assignment to the PD was highest in the island at 25. m (17.3%) and rapidly decreased to 4.0% at 200. m and 2.7% at 550. m, suggesting a pattern of isolation by distance, while revealing a large pollen contribution from unaccounted sources across all islands. Our results in a fragmented clonal site agree with previous estimates of general pollen movement in eucalypt seed orchards, showing that pollination will take place by and large at relatively short distances of less than 200. m, consistent with the expected range of flight of pollinator bees. Nevertheless the exponential distribution observed also indicates that low levels of pollination success are to be expected over longer distances. Our data provide useful guidelines regarding the distance at which seed orchards should be established away from potentially large pollen pressure of clonal stands to minimize unwanted pollen introgression. Furthermore, our results on dispersal rate and distance of pollen have direct implications on gene containment strategies and modeling studies, as pollen-mediated gene flow is one of the key determinants of the potential ecological and biosafety impacts of prospective transgenic eucalypts. Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 530 Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, CP 1322 Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Caixa Postal 31 Plant Genetics Laboratory EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN Qd 916 Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Caixa Postal 31

One of the determinant factors in the success of breeding pro­grams that aim to select genotypes for different geographical regions is understanding the interaction between genotypes and environments (GxE). The objectives of this study were to evaluate GxE interaction, stability, and adaptability, and deter­mine the need for environmental stratification of open pollina­ted progenies of Eucalyptus urophylla. Five progeny tests were established in study areas with different environmental condi­tions in southeast and mid-west Brazil. We used a complete randomized block experimental design with 138 to 167 proge­nies, and variations in the numbers of replicates and plants per plot. The trait measured was diameter at breast height (DBH) at two years of age and the AMMI method was used to determine patterns of GxE interaction. Significant effects were detected for genotypes, environments, and for GxE interaction. The effect of environment was responsible for the greatest propor­tion of the phenotypic variation, followed by the effect of genotypes and GxE interaction. Some progenies with greater productivity and stability were identified, although stability is not associated with productivity. The stratification of the selec­tion in three specific environments is necessary due to the occurrence of a complex GxE interaction.

Our aim was to verify the effect on gain and genetic diversity through the restriction of the number of trees per family in selection, in order to compose an elite population of Eucalyp­tus urophylla in two trials under distinct management levels. We studied 166 open-pollinated families of E. urophylla in Anhembi, Sao Paulo State, Brazil under commercial practices, and the same families in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Bra­zil under lower management level (mainly no mineral fertiliza­tion). Mortality, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured. DBH was analyzed by the REML/BLUP to select the best 25 trees, with four levels of tree restriction per family (no restriction; 1; 2 and 3 per family). We evaluated heritability; genetic gain and effective size of number of total and private alleles; observed and expected heterozygosity; coancestry and fixation index. A large difference in survival (48 and 83 %) and productivity (MAI of 26 and 44 m3ha-1y-1) was observed bet­ween trials due to the different levels of management applied. The highest restriction in number of individuals per family caused a small decrease in gain, corresponding to 7 % in the more productive trial and 3 % in the less productive one. Observed and expected heterozygosity, coancestry and fixati­on index were not significantly (lower than 5 %) affected by the restriction in both sites. The restriction of one tree per family allowed different alleles to be kept in the selected population and higher effective population size in order to insure variation for the next generations.

In this study, 19 eucalypt species were evaluated for adaptation under different climatic conditions in Brazil and Uruguary, the majority of these species have no commercial tradition worldwide. Four of the species evaluated were of the Corymbia genus (C. citriodora citriodora, C. citriodora variegata, C. henryi and C. torelliana) and 15 of the Eucalyptus genus from different sections of the Symphyomyrtus subgenus (E. amplifolia, E. argophloia, E. brassiana, E. brookeriana, E. camaldulensis, E. cladocalyx, E. crebra, E. denticulata, E. longirostrata, E. macarthurii, E. major, E. moluccana, E. occidentalis, E. thozetiana and E. urophylla). Eight experiments were set up under different climatic conditions (climates: Am, Aw, Cwa and Cfa), latitude range from 00o 37' to 32o 10'. In Brazil, the trials were set up in Macapa-AP in the Northern Region, Itamarandiba-MG, Paraopeba-MG, Borebi-SP, Itatinga-SP in the Southeastern Region, Tres Lagoas-MS in the Midwest Region, Telemaco Borba-PR in Southern Region and Uruguay near Paysandu City. The treatments were established with rectangular plots of 7 × 7 plants. The adaptability analysis were performed on the survival and initial growth data, using the Harmonic Mean Method of Relative Performance of Genetic Value. The species E. argophloia, E. brookeriana, E. cladocalyx, E. crebra, E. denticulata, E. macarthurii, E. occidentalis and E. thozetiana were poorly adapted, with low survival mainly in tropical conditions (mortality > 50%). The species that had the highest survival in the joint analysis was C. torelliana with survival of 98%. The Macapa trial only had 35% average species survival. In this trial species belonging to Exsertaria section (subgenus Symphyomyrtus)) or the genus Corymbia species from tropical sourcesexhibited good survival, tolerance to leaf spot and growth. The noncommercial eucalypts species that stand out for growth were E. longirostrata, C. henryi and E. major.

A deposição de folhedo é um dos principais indicadores de ciclagem de nutrientes em plantios florestais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de deposição de folhedo, o fluxo dos nutrientes copa-solo via folhedo e a decomposição desse material em um plantio experimental de eucalipto geneticamente modificado. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na produção de folhedo ou no fluxo de nutrientes devido à transformação do eucalipto. As maiores variações observadas foram entre os dois clones estudados, mas foram inferiores às observadas comumente com as mudanças dos tratos silviculturais.

The sustainability of plantation forests requires the consideration of environmental and economic factors. Fertilization is an important practice in eucalypt plantations that should be adjusted to provide high productivity at the lowest cost without negatively affecting the environment. Eucalypt plantations are expanding worldwide, mainly because of the growing demand for wood and the high potential biomass production. Many field experiments have shown that using large amounts of fertilizer increases tree growth. However, the excessive or inappropriate application of fertilizer can cause nutrient leaching and the loss of the fertilizer. In this study, we evaluated the effect of increasing the fertilizer doses on the early growth and nutrient cycling in eucalypt plantations. Moreover, the amount of N and K leached after the application of split vs. single applications of N and K fertilizers after planting were quantified. A eucalypt plantation with a randomized block design was established in southern Brazil, consisting of six treatments and five blocks. The split application include the following five treatments of N and K fertilizers after planting: T1 = control (without fertilizer), T2 = 40 kg ha−1 N; 16 kg ha−1 P; 53 kg ha−1 K (literature recommendation), T3 = twofold the dose in T2 (commercial application used by forest companies), T4 = threefold the dose in T2, T5 = fourfold the dose in T2 (highest dose), and one treatment (T6) where the N and K fertilizers after planting amount in T3 was with a single application added at age 3 months. At harvest, the export of nutrients was greater than the amounts added by a commercial mineral fertilization only for N. The eucalypt trees responded positively to increasing the fertilization rates, especially during the first year after planting. The highest dose of fertilizer led to the production of 57 Mg ha−1 of biomass (at age 24 months), 48% higher than in the control treatment. However, the effect of the highest dose was more evident the first year after planting. The enhancement in biomass production decreased in the second year. The application of fertilizer also resulted in a large nutrient transfer to the soil through the leaf litter. The eucalypt trees receiving the highest dose of fertilizer transferred 50 kg N, 20 kg K and 80 kg Ca ha−1 to the soil over the second year after planting, whereas only 25 kg N, 6.5 kg K and 47 kg Ca ha−1 was returned to the soil by the control-treated trees in the same period. At age 24 months, there were no significant differences between the T3 and T6 regarding productivity and nutritional status. Splitting the application of the N and K fertilizers after planting reduced the amounts N – NO 3 - leached at a depth of 0.9 m by 3.0 kg ha−1 (T3 = 5.6 kg and T6 = 8.6 kg) and the amount of K+ by 31.7 kg ha−1 (T3 = 8.3 kg and T6 = 40 kg) over the first 2 years after planting. Our results suggest that the number of N and K fertilizer applications can be reduced after planting in commercial plantations established on deep tropical soils without negatively affecting on productivity and limited losses by deep drainage.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-01 Confined field trials of genetically modified (GM) trees are the essential step toward the identification of the most productive cultivars and the assessment of the likely environmental impacts of the GM trees including the potential for gene flow by pollen and distance dispersal by seeds. Our study investigated the potential for wildling establishment and realized pollen flow from a clonal GM eucalypt field trial in Southeastern Brazil. The GM eucalypt stand was established in 2009, surrounded by a 3 m wide forest road and signal grass (Bracharia sp.) fields. No seedling regeneration was found between 2010 and 2014 in and around the stand, confirming the expectations of the unlikelihood of eucalypt seedling establishment based on its limited invasive potential in competitive tropical environments. In 2014, open-pollinated seeds were collected from 28 non-GM eucalypts located between three and 650 m distance from the GM trial. A total of 420 seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and screened for the presence of the transgenic construct by a multiplexed PCR assay targeting two transgenes and an internal control. The highest average transgene pollen flow (16%) was seen at short distances (3–15 m), rapidly diminishing to 3% by a 240 m distance and continued at this low rate up to the furthest distance assessed (650 m) from the GM trial. The negative exponential distribution of GM pollination success was similar to that observed in non-GM eucalypt pollen flow studies, indicating that low levels of effective pollination are expected over long distances. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental assessments of realized pollen flow measured by the effective production of seedlings from a genetically modified tree in field conditions. Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 530 Graduate Program in Forest Sciences FCA/UNESP Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, CP 1322 Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Caixa Postal, 31 Plant Genetics Laboratory EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences Biotechnology and Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN Qd 916 ArborGen Tecnologia Florestal, Rua Dr. Emilio Ribas n.174 Graduate Program in Forest Sciences FCA/UNESP Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Caixa Postal, 31

A produção de mudas é um dos pontos cruciais nos empreendimentos florestais e diversos trabalhos procuraram identificar o método mais adequado de produção. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o uso da espuma fenólica na substituição de recipientes e de substrato na produção de mudas clonais de eucalipto. Foram implantados quatro experimentos, sendo dois de viveiro (experimentos 1 e 2) e dois de campo (experimentos 3 e 4) em locais e períodos distintos. Todos os experimentos foram compostos por quatro tratamentos: 1 - tubete de 55 cm³ + substrato comercial; 2 - espuma pequena (60 cm³); 3 - espuma média (75 cm³); e 4 - espuma grande (90 cm³). Nos experimentos, avaliouse a mortalidade das mudas e a biomassa do sistema radicular e da parte aérea. No experimento 1, as mudas produzidas nas espumas pequenas obtiveram menor índice de mortalidade (1%), enquanto no sistema convencional foi de 15% e observou-se superioridade na produção de biomassa aérea das mudas produzidas na espuma grande. No experimento 2, as mudas produzidas na espuma apresentaram maior sensibilidade ao excesso de água durante a fase de enraizamento, sendo a mortalidade de 40 % para os tratamentos com a utilização da espuma que foi superior ao tratamento convencional (16%). No experimento 3, conduzido no campo, não foi observada mortalidade das mudas ou diferenças na produção de biomassa entre os tratamentos. No experimento 4, observou-se maior resistência ao déficit hídrico nos tratamentos com as espumas média e grande e maior produção de biomassa aérea no tratamento com a espuma grande. Seedling production is one of the crucial points in the forest companies and studies have been carried out to identify the most appropriate method ofproduction. The utilization ofphenolic foam in substitution ofplastic tube and organic substrate to grow eucalypt clonal cuttings was evaluated. Four experiments were established, two experiments were set up in nurseries (experiments 1 and 2) and two in the field (experiments 3 and 4). All experiments were composed by four treatments: 1 - conventional system - plastic container of 55 cm³ with commercial substrate (pine bark, vermiculite and peat), 2 - small foam (60 cm³), 3 - medium foam (75 cm³) and 4 - large foam (90 cm³). In all experiments the mortality and the root and shot biomass production were evaluated. In the experiment 1, the plants in the small foam presented lower mortality rate (1%) and the conventional system showed the highest mortality rate (15%) and the large foam showed highest value of the shoot biomass. In experiment 2, the mortality rate was 40%% for the foam treatments with higher values when compared to the conventional treatment (16%). In the experiment 3, field experiment, was not observed tree mortality or differences in biomass production among the treatments. In the experiment 4, was observed better tree response to water stress of the stocks in foams, probably because their larger volume. The plants in medium and largerfoams showed 3% of mortality, while the conventional system had 25% and the shoot biomass production was highest in the larger foam treatment.

The climates of the central and southern regions of Sao Paulo state in Brazil favor pathogens such as Puccinia psidii Winter, which causes a common and severe disease in Eucalyptus plantations under 2 years old. We studied genetic parameters including genotype by environment interaction (G × E) of resistance to P. psidii rust in Eucalyptus grandis at nine sites in Sao Paulo State. Open-pollinated progeny from ten ‘provenances’ were established in a randomized complete block design; at individual sites there were from 134 to 160 progenies, from four to eight blocks, and five to six trees per plot. Significant provenance and progeny(provenance) differences were detected, as was G × E involving progeny(provenance). However, the G × E involved little if any rank changes, indicating that selection can be done efficiently at a single site, if the disease level is sufficient. The estimated coefficient of genetic variation among the progeny within provenances $$ \left( {{{{\widehat{\mathrm{CV}}}}_{\mathrm{g}}}} \right) $$ was high and variable among the sites (ranging from 11 % to 36.7 %), demonstrating different expression of genetic variability among the sites. The estimated heritability at the individual-tree level $$ \left( {{{\widehat{h}}^2}} \right) $$ and within a plot $$ \left( {\widehat{h}_{\mathrm{w}}^2} \right) $$ ranged from low to intermediate (ranging from 0.04 to 0.46) and was high at the progeny-mean level $$ \left( {\widehat{h}_{\mathrm{f}}^2} \right) $$ (ranging from 0.30 to 0.86). Our study shows good prospects of controlling this disease by selection among and within progenies in a single site.

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la variación genética de las progenies de Eucalyptus grandis en un sistema silvopastoril, instalado en el Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación yAmpliación, Facultad de Ingeniería de Ilha Solteira / UNESP en la ciudad de Selvíria, MS, ubicada en la región del Medio Oeste de Brasil y con tradición en la ganadería.La prueba de progenie se implementó en diciembre de 2009, utilizando el diseño experimental en bloques al azar con una planta por parcela, 26 repeticiones y 147 progenies de Eucalyptus grandis (tratamientos) y 3 clones comerciales: C041H, H15 y P4295H, no.espaciamiento de 6.0 x 3.0 x 2.0 m.

Some Eucalyptus species are widely used as a plantation crop in tropical and subtropical regions. One reason for this is the diversity of end uses, but the main reason is the high level of wood production obtained from commercial plantings. With the advancement of biotechnology it will be possible to expand the geographical area in which eucalypts can be used as commercial plantation crops, especially in regions with current climatic restrictions. Despite the popularity of eucalypts and their increasing range, questions still exist, in both traditional planting areas and in the new regions: Can eucalypts invade areas of native vegetation, causing damage to natural ecosystems biodiversity? The objective of this study it was to assess whether eucalypts can invade native vegetation fragments in proximity to commercial stands, and what factors promote this invasive growth. Thus, three experiments were established in forest fragments located in three different regions of Brazil. Each experiment was composed of 40 plots (1 m2 each one), 20 plots located at the border between the forest fragment and eucalypts plantation, and 20 plots in the interior of the forest fragments. In each experimental site, the plots were paired by two soil exposure conditions, 10 plots in natural conditions and 10 plots with soil exposure (no plant and no litter). During the rainy season, 2 g of eucalypts seeds were sown in each plot, including Eucalyptus grandis or a hybrid of E. urophylla × E. grandis, the most common commercial eucalypt species planted in the three region. At 15, 30, 45, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after sowing, we assessed the number of seedlings of eucalypts and the number of seedlings of native species resulting from natural regeneration. Fifteen days after sowing, the greatest number of eucalypts seedlings (37 m−2) was observed in the plots with lower luminosity and exposed soil. Also, for native species, it was observed that exposed soil improved natural germination reaching the highest number of 163 seedlings per square meter. Site and soil exposure were the factors that have the greatest influence on seed germination of both eucalypt and native species. However, 270 days after sowing, eucalypt seedlings were not observed at any of the three experimental sites. The result shows the inability of eucalypts to adapt to condition outside of their natural range. However, native species demonstrated their strong capacity for natural regeneration in forest fragments under the same conditions where eucalypts were seeded.

The Corymbia citriodora is one of the most cultivated species in Brazil for wood and essential oil production. The oil is obtained by the leaves distillation and the yield is around 2%. For the sustainability of leaves extraction is necessary a good nutritional replacement, because the leaves contain a large quantity of nutrients. The sewage sludge application in Corymbia plantations is a way to apply organic fertilizer and is also a good alternative for the final disposal of this residue. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the sewage sludge use as fertilizer for the essential oil production in two different spacing. The experiment was constituted by 4 blocks and the treatments were: i) Close spacing (1m x 1m) with sewage sludge + K and B; ii) Close spacing with mineral fertilization; iii) Regular spacing (3m x 1m) with sewage sludge + K and B; and iv) Regular spacing with mineral fertilization. When the C. citriodora plots were 12, 18, 24 and 30 months old; leaves and branches biomass and also essential oil production were quantified. It was observed that the system of close planting totalized a higher biomass, 3.8 times more than the conventional system, providing 3 times more essential oil production (363 l ha-1 at the close spacing and 116 l ha-1 at the regular spacing during 30 months). No difference was found in the leaves or oil production with the use of sewage sludge or mineral fertilizer any of spacing studied. The use of sewage sludge as fertilizer for Corymbia citriodora plantations may be an interesting alternative, because it supplies large quantities of nutrients and ensures a positive budget of nutrients in the ecosystem.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-15 The invasive potential of a species is related to the interaction between genetic and environmental characteristics, as climatic conditions and native vegetation, reflecting the species adaptation to local conditions. An ecologically-adapted alien species can alter diversity and structure of forest ecosystems. This study assessed the invasiveness potential of eight commercially important Eucalyptus species in the germination and early establishment phases in southeastern Brazil. The first experiment evaluated seed germination under controlled temperature and air humidity conditions testing six substrate water potentials. The second experiment was conducted in pots to evaluate seed germination and seedling mortality under rainfed and irrigated regimes. Nine field trials were set up in the third experiment in six locations. In each trial, 80 plots of 1 m2 were installed with half the plots undisturbed and half where preexisting plants and litter were removed. In the first experiment, Eucalyptus taxa differed significantly in seed germination for substrate water potential ≥-0.6 MPa. No germination was found for any taxa at -0.8 MPa substrate water potential. In the second experiment, differences in germination between species and water treatments were observed 21 days after sowing. No mortality was found in the irrigated treatments. No seedling mortality was observed in the rainfed treatments when the relative air humidity was higher than 85%, even during a dry period of 45 days. By contrast, seedling mortality was observed for all taxa in all the rainfed treatments when relative air humidity fell under 80%. In the third experiment, germination and seedling establishment of Eucalyptus species was always very low. The non-Eucalyptus species showed differences in germination between trials and soil exposures. Our results showed that soil and air moisture were major drivers of eucalypt germination and initial establishment in controlled conditions. However, under field conditions additional factors such as competition of non-Eucalyptus species and seedlings predation drastically limited eucalypt establishment suggesting low ecological adaptation of Eucalyptus sp. as an invasive species. IPEF - Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 530 UNESP-Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho/FCAV-Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Via de Acesso Prof. Donato Castellane S/N CIRAD UMR EcoandSols USP-ESALQ Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 Caixa Postal 9 UNESP-Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho/FCAV-Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Via de Acesso Prof. Donato Castellane S/N

No Brasil, está ocorrendo a expansão da área florestal plantada com espécies do gênero Eucalyptus, sendo que a elevada produtividade pode ser atribuída às pesquisas e melhorias operacionais introduzidas nas ultimas décadas. Nos experimentos realizados em diferentes regiões do Brasil, tem se observado maior incremento dos eucaliptos com o aumento das doses de fertilizantes. Mas o excesso ou a aplicação inadequada de fertilizantes gera freqüentemente o desperdício dos insumos e a lixiviação dos elementos, que podem contaminar o solo e o lençol freático. Portanto, foi objetivo deste trabalho analisar o efeito de doses, bem como do parcelamento da aplicação de fertilizantes na produtividade e na ciclagem de nutrientes em plantios de eucaliptos, além de avaliar a lixiviação de nitrogênio e potássio no solo, após a fertilização de cobertura parcelada em comparação à aplicação em dose única, três meses após o plantio. O experimento foi implantado no município de Anhembi-SP, sendo constituído por cinco tratamentos com a aplicação de doses crescentes e eqüidistantes de N, P e K com a aplicação da fertilização de cobertura (N e K) em 4 parcelas e por um tratamento com fertilização de cobertura aplicada em dose única, três meses após o plantio. Foram avaliados o incremento volumétrico e a produção da biomassa aérea e radicular das árvores, as concentrações e os estoques de nutrientes nos eucaliptos (mineralomassas), a eficiência do uso dos nutrientes, a transferência de nutrientes das árvores para o solo através da produção de folhedo (ciclo biogeoquímico), a ciclagem interna dos nutrientes (ciclo bioquímico), bem como o fluxo de água e a lixiviação do N e K no solo nas profundidades de 20 e 90 cm. Os eucaliptos responderam positivamente ao aumento das doses de fertilizantes, principalmente na fase inicial, apresentando maior produtividade (altura, volume e biomassa). O tratamento com a maior dose obteve, aos 24 meses de idade, 105 t ha-1 de biomassa total, sendo 48% superior ao tratamento sem fertilização, com apenas 71 t ha-1. Entretanto o efeito das maiores doses de fertilizantes foi mais acentuado na fase inicial do crescimento, até os 12 meses de idade. Ocorreu a atenuação do incremento ao longo do tempo, sendo que aos 24 meses não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos com a aplicação de doses de fertilizantes. A fertilização também propiciou maior acúmulo de nutrientes (mineralomassa) nos componentes das árvores (folhas, galhos, lenho, casca e raízes) e maior transferência de nutrientes para o solo, através do folhedo. Assim, os eucaliptos com a adição das doses mais elevadas de fertilizantes devolveram ao solo, via folhedo, aproximadamente 50 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N, 20 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K e 80 kg ha-1 ano-1 de Ca, enquanto o tratamento sem fertilização transferiu para o solo apenas 25 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N, 6,5 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K e 47 kg ha-1 ano-1 de Ca, no período entre 12 a 24 meses de idade. Foi observado que os eucaliptos com menor disponibilidade de nutrientes foram mais eficientes no uso do N e K. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na produção de biomassa lenhosa entre os tratamentos com aplicação da fertilização de cobertura de forma parcelada ou em dose única, sendo observado maior lixiviação do N e do K, aos 90 cm de profundidade, com a aplicação em dose única. It is occurring, in Brazil, the expansion of planted forest area with species that belong to the Eucalyptus genus, one of the reasons is the high biomass productivity resulting from the research and the operational improvements that have been implemented during the last decades. In several field experiments, has been observed an increase of eucalypts growth by using a higher amount of fertilizers. But excessive or inappropriate application of fertilizers may generate the fertilizer waste and nutrients leaching that may contaminate soil and watertable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization doses in the biomass production and nutrient cycling from the eucalypt plantation, as well as evaluating the N and K leaching in the soil after the application of split and single dose of N and K fertilization. The experiment was set up in the Anhembi city (State of São Paulo), and it was constituted by five treatments with doses of fertilizers and N and K in split application (4 times) and also a treatment with a single dose of N and K application, 3 months after planting. It was evaluated the wood volume, root and shoot biomass, concentrations and stocks of nutrients in eucalypts biomass (mineralomass), the efficiency of nutrient use, the nutrient transference from the canopy to the soil through litter production (leaf-fall), internal nutrients cycling (biochemical cycle), the water flow and leaching of N and K in the soil at the depths of 20 and 90 cm. The eucalypts responded positively to the increased fertilization doses, especially in the first year, with higher productivity (height, DBH and biomass). Treatment with the highest dose for 24 months produced 105 tons ha-1 of biomass, 48% higher than the treatment without fertilization, with only 71 tons ha-1. However the effect of higher doses was more evident at an early stage of tree growth, up to 12 months of age. However, the difference decrease over time, and at 24 months there were not significant differences among the treatments with fertilization application. Fertilization also resulted in higher nutrients accumulation (mineralomass) in all tree components (leaves, branches, wood, bark and roots) and increased nutrient transfer to the soil through deposition of leaf litter. Thus, the eucalypts applied the highest addition of fertilization dose returned to the soil through litter, about 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 of N, 20 kg ha-1 yr-1 of K and 80 kg ha-1 yr-1 of Ca, while the treatment without fertilization transferred to the soil only 25 kg ha-1 yr-1 of N, 6.5 kg ha-1 yr-1 of K and 47 kg ha-1 yr-1 of Ca during 12 months (between 12 to 24 months after planting). It was observed more efficient use of nutrients from the eucalypts with lower nutrients availability. Also, there were no significant differences in the growth of eucalypts from the treatments with split N and K application and single N and K application. However, there was a higher leaching of K and N, 90 cm deep, in the single application treatment.

Poucos municípios brasileiros têm estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs), sendo que uma grande parte do esgoto ainda não é tratada, causando forte impacto ambiental devido ao seu despejo ?in natura? nos cursos de água. O processo de tratamento de esgoto gera grande quantidade de lodo cujo destino final deve ser bem planejado, pois acarreta além de conseqüências ambientais, conseqüências de caráter econômico, social e sanitário. Um destino ecologicamente desejável seria a utilização desse resíduo, depois de tratado (biossólido), em plantios florestais como fertilizante e condicionador de solo. Mas, ainda são poucos os conhecimentos disponíveis para que a sua utilização seja realizada em larga escala. Recentemente, o Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), através de resolução específica estabeleceu critérios e procedimentos para o uso de lodo de esgoto em áreas agrícolas, visando benefícios à agricultura e evitando riscos à saúde pública e ao ambiente. Conseqüentemente, amplia-se agora a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre o assunto. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a influência da utilização de lodo de esgoto nas plantações florestais. Em abril de 2003, foi implantado um experimento na Estação Experimental de Ciências Florestais da ESALQ/USP em Itatinga com a finalidade de estudar o crescimento das árvores de Eucalyptus grandis tratadas com doses crescentes dos lodos úmido (torta) e seco (granulado) e, principalmente, a ciclagem de nutrientes no ecossistema, através de observações relacionadas com os processos de produção, acúmulo e decomposição da serapilheira nas parcelas experimentais dos diferentes tratamentos. Supõe-se que a aplicação dos lodos de esgoto úmido e seco nas linhas de plantio dos eucaliptos altere de maneira positiva a fertilidade do solo, incrementando significativamente o volume de madeira produzida pelos eucaliptos, servindo como fontes de nutrientes, portanto, o uso do lodo permitiria a substituição das adubações nitrogenada e fosfatada, usualmente aplicadas nos plantios florestais, e poderia suprir também a necessidade da aplicação de micronutrientes (exceto o boro). Também a aplicação dos lodos úmido e seco deve refletir de maneira positiva na ciclagem de nutrientes, alterando a quantidade e a velocidade da transferência dos diferentes elementos entre os compartimentos do sistema Árvores - Serapilheira - Solo. Several Brazilian cities have sewer treatment stations, but a lot of cities do not treat the sewage yet, causing a strong environmental impact, mainly in water courses. The sewer treatment process generates a big amount of sewage sludge, so the final destination must be well studied, because it involves environmental, economic, social and sanitary consequences. A good destination of this residue would be its application, after treated (biosolids), in forest stands for fertilizing and conditioning of soil. Recently, CONAMA (National Advice of the Environment) established procedures and criteria for the use in agricultural areas of sewage sludge for benefits to agriculture and preventing risks to the health and the environment. Consequently, more scientific information will be necessary for sewage sludge application on a large scale. The aim of this study was to extend the knowledge about the influence of sewage sludge (humid and dry) on eucalypts plantations. So in April 2003, an experimental stand of Eucalyptus grandis was planted in the Experimental Station of Itatinga (ESALQ/USP). The purpose was to study the growth of the eucalypts, treated with increasing doses of humid and dry sewage sludge, and also the nutrients cycling in the forest plantation ecosystem through the production, accumulation and decomposition of the leaf-litter in the different treatments. It is expected that application of humid and dry sewage sludge in the rows of planting may modify positively soil fertility, wood volume produced by eucalypts, and nutrient cycling in the ecosystem.

RESUMO A fertilização é uma das maneiras para aumentar a produtividade e a utilização de fertilizantes de liberação lenta pode ser vantajosa, permitindo a assimilação dos nutrientes à medida que as plantas crescem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de fertilizante de liberação lenta no crescimento inicial de um plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla x E.grandis, visando reduzir o número de fertilizações de cobertura. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos fornecendo as mesmas quantidades de nutrientes, porém variando o parcelamento e a fonte do fertilizante: T1-Fertilizante convencional com aplicação parcelada; T2-Fertilizante convencional com aplicação em dose única aos três meses; T3-Fertilizante de liberação lenta no plantio; e T4-Fertilizante de liberação lenta aos três meses. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: mortalidade, altura, DAP, volume de madeira, teores foliares dos macronutrientes e de N e K na solução do solo. A mortalidade média foi de 4%, altura de 8,5 m, DAP de 7,5 cm e volume de 24 m3.ha-1, aos 18 meses de idade, não diferindo entre os tratamentos. Apenas o teor foliar de K diferiu entre os tratamentos, sendo a menor concentração com a aplicação parcelada do fertilizante. A aplicação do fertilizante de liberação lenta aos três meses proporcionou os menores teores na solução do solo. A aplicação parcelada dos nutrientes não resultou em ganho de produtividade ou benefícios nutricionais. O uso de fertilizantes de liberação lenta possibilita a redução do número de fertilizações de cobertura, sem o risco de lixiviação dos nutrientes. ABSTRACT Fertilization is one of the most effective ways to increase crop productivity, and the use of slow release fertilizers could be advantageous, allowing the assimilation of nutrients as the plants grow. The objective was evaluating the effect of slow release fertilizers in a Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis stand in order to reduce the number of fertilization applications. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments. Treatments were applied with the same amounts of nutrients: T1-Convetional fertilizer with split application; T2-Conventional fertilizer in a single dose at 3 months; T3-Controlled-release fertilizer applied at planting; and T4-Controlled-release fertilizer applied 3 months after planting. We evaluated the mortality, initial growth, leaf nutrition and N and K in the soil solution. The experiment showed an average mortality of 4%, height of 8.5 m, DBH of 7.5 cm and volume of 24 m3.ha-1 at 18 months of age, with no difference among treatments for these characteristics. There were no differences in foliar concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg and S, only the K differed among treatments, with the lowest concentration at conventional fertilizer split application treatment. The application of slow release fertilizer at 3 months showed the lowest concentrations of N and K in the soil solution. The split application of nutrients showed no improvement in eucalypt growth or nutritional benefits. The use of slow-release fertilizer is possible to reduce the number of fertilization application with no risk of nutrients leaching.

High productivity of eucalypt plantations is the result of advances in research that have led to gradual improvements in intensive silvicultural technology. High productivity notwithstanding, eucalypt plantations remain the focus of environmental concerns. Our study aimed to compare the soil water regime, litter fall and nutrients dynamics either in a fragment of native forest or in an adjacent stand of growing eucalypt. We took field measurements during the first three years of eucalypt plantation in a sandy soil in the southeastern region of Brazil. Soil moisture and internal drainage were higher during the early stages of growth of the eucalypt stand, as compared with native vegetation. However, one and a half years after planting, available soil water was similar in both vegetations. Higher water availability under the eucalypt stand during the first year occurs because of silvicultural operations (soil preparation and weed control) and the small size of eucalypt trees; these factors increase water infiltration and decrease transpiration. Total leaf fall, over the study period, was similar for both ecosystems; however, differences were observed in the winter and early spring of 2010. The transfer of nutrients to soil by leaf fall was similar except for N and S, which was higher in native vegetation. Nitrogen concentration in the soil solution was higher in native vegetation, but K was higher under the eucalypt stand, mainly to a depth of up to 0.2 m.

Summary Brazilian forest-based industries are supported by more than 5.5 million hectares of Eucalyptus growing under different climatic conditions with different degrees of favourability for rust Puccinia psidii, including both traditional and expanding areas, where such disease is of major concern for the industry, foresters and scientists. The main objective of this study was to define favourable climatic zones for Eucalyptus rust in Brazil with the following aims: (i) to develop a spatial method for estimating the mean night-time temperature (Tng); (ii) to assess and validate a Eucalyptus rust model; and (iii) to map Eucalyptus rust favourability zones in Brazil based on the proposed model. A straightforward method, based only on latitude, day of the year, maximum and minimum air temperatures, was developed to estimate Tng, which is a key variable for a proper application of Ruiz rust model. Based on 37 field experiments with natural rust occurrence, it was observed that climatic conditions are determining factors for disease severity. Significant correlations between disease severity observed in the field and climatic conditions were found: a negative correlation with temperature (r = .50, p

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T15:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 We assessed growth and physiological responses of Eucalyptus and Corymbia species to water limitation aiming to widen possibilities for plantations in dry climatic conditions. We selected 16 taxa: 4 Corymbia and 12 Eucalyptus species from the Subgenera Symphyomyrtus. Seedlings were evaluated from 100 to 170 days after sowing. Growth and physiological traits showed significant differences among taxa and between two levels of water availability. Water limitation significantly impacted biomass production and physiological characteristics, however in different levels. Leaf area and biomass production decreased 15%-48% under water limitation among taxa. Eucalyptus moluccana, CCV 2, and VM1 (drought tolerant clone) showed the largest decrease in leaf area. Transpiration across taxa decreased 30%-57% and photosynthesis 14%-48% under water limited condition. Taxa from cold environments were less responsive in leaf area reduction under water limitation, and taxa from Exsertaria section showed lower reduction in photosynthesis (E. camaldulensis showed the lowest reduction). Responses to water limitation are related to the environment of origin. E. molucana, the only Adnataria species from a high precipitation region (>1500 mm year(-1)), was one of the most sensitive in reduction of biomass production, different behavior from the other Adnataria species, originated in regions with rainfall

No Brasil, diversos municípios estão construindo estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs), e futuramente serão produzidas anualmente milhares de toneladas de lodo para as quais deverá ser dada destinação adequada. O lodo de esgoto tratado (biossólido) é o resíduo resultante do tratamento do esgoto urbano, e sua disposição final precisa ser bem planejada devido às implicações sanitárias, ambientais, econômicas e sociais. Apresenta elevado teor de matéria orgânica e de nutrientes e poderia ser utilizado como fertilizante em plantios florestais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Estação de Ciências Florestais de Itatinga (Universidade de São Paulo), com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de três doses (10, 20 e 30 t ha-1) dos lodos de esgoto úmido (torta) e seco (granulado), complementados com K e B e aplicados ao solo nas linhas de plantio em parcelas experimentais de Eucalyptus grandis. Dezoito meses após a implantação das mudas no campo, o volume dos troncos demonstrou aumento significativo (ao redor de 130%) no tocante ao crescimento dos eucaliptos tratados com os biossólidos úmido e seco em relação à testemunha sem aplicação de fertilizante, bem como teve resultado semelhante ao do tratamento com adubo mineral. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com a aplicação dos biossólidos úmido e seco. Com relação à nutrição mineral, foi observado aumento da concentração dos elementos P, Ca e Zn nas folhas com as maiores doses dos biossólidos, e verificou-se efeito inverso de Mn. As concentrações foliares de todos os nutrientes nos eucaliptos tratados com os biossólidos mantiveram-se dentro dos limites observados usualmente nas plantações comerciais, não havendo sinais de desequilíbrio nutricional. In Brazil, several municipalities are building waste treatment plants and in the future thousands of tons of sewage sludge will be generated. Sewage sludge is the waste left over after wastewater treatment and its disposal needs to be well planned, considering sanitary, environmental, economic and social implications. Sewage sludge (biosolids) is high in organic content and plant nutrient and could be applied as fertilizer in forest plantations. The aim of this research, conducted at the Experimental Station of Itatinga (University of São Paulo) was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses (10, 20 and 30 tons ha-1) of wet and dry biosolids(pellets), complemented with K and B, and applied to planting rows in experimental Eucalyptus grandis plots 1.5 years after seedling plantation. Trunk volume increased significantly regarding the eucalypt trees that received wet and dry sewage sludge, compared to the control treatment (no fertilization), and a similar growth of eucalypt trees that received full mineral fertilization. Regarding mineral nutrition, a positive correlation was observed between doses of biosolids and P, Ca, and Zn concentrations in the leaves, but a negative effect for Mn and biosolid dose. The foliar concentration of all the nutrients in the biosolid-treated eucalypt trees remained within the limits observed in commercial plantations, with no signs of nutritional imbalance.

Most Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil aim the production of paper and charcoal, but the use of the species for lumbering, construction and extraction of essential oil has increased. Eleven species of Eucalyptus were assessed in regard to their essential oil production potential, nine never used before for commercial, essential oil extraction. Assessements were compared with Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus, already explored in oil production for perfume and medical purposes, aiming to increase the availability of commercial species and the relationship between oil production and climatic conditions. Eucalyptus leaves were seasonally sampled (three months interval) for distillation and determination of productivity and chemical composition of oil - contents of oils main components. Eucalyptus viminalis showed the highest potential for cineol, and standed out among the species not yet used commercially. Influenced by soil moisture contents and air temperature, the lowest and the highest oil production happened respectively in Spring and Summer. Water deficiency in Spring caused the lowest oil production. In the Summer, on the other hand, the highest oil production was observed when temperatures were higher and no water deficiency registered. There was no climatic influence on the main oil chemical component. A maioria das plantações de Eucalyptus brasileiras tem como objetivo a produção de papel e carvão, mas o uso das espécies para madeira, construção e extração de óleo essencial tem aumentado. Neste trabalho foram estudadas onze espécies de eucalipto quanto ao potencial para a obtenção de óleo essencial. Entre as espécies estudadas, nove não têm sido utilizadas na obtenção comercial de óleo. Para efeito comparativo, avaliou-se também duas outras espécies, o Eucalyptus citriodora e o Eucalyptus globulus, as quais são amplamente utilizadas, respectivamente, para a obtenção de óleo aromatizante e óleo para fins medicinais. Os objetivos do estudo foram ampliar o leque de materiais disponibilizados para os produtores de óleo essencial e correlacionar o rendimento de óleo com as variações climáticas existentes ao longo do ano. Foram realizadas coletas sazonais (cada 3 meses) de folhas para a destilação e determinação do rendimento e avaliação da composição química do óleo. Dentre as espécies ainda não utilizadas comercialmente, considerando-se o rendimento do óleo e os teores dos componentes principais, o Eucalyptus viminalis revelou-se aqueal de maior potencial para a exploração de óleo essencial rico em cineol, para uso medicinal. O menor e o maior rendimento de óleo foram obtidos, respectivamente, na primavera e no verão. A disponibilidade de água no solo e a temperatura do ar influenciaram o rendimento de óleo. Sob condições de deficiência hídrica, observada na primavera, ocorreu o menor rendimento de óleo. No verão, quando a temperatura foi mais elevada e não ocorreu deficiência hídrica, registrou-se o maior rendimento de óleo. Não foi observada influência das condições climáticas sobre o teor do componente químico principal do óleo, que se manteve constante nas quatro estações.