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Objective: to investigate through a cross-sectional study the prevalence and pattern of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs use among non-heterosexual and transgender inmates of a female prison com...

BACKGROUND/AIM Due to the increase in incarceration rates, the prison community has attracted much concern in the recent past. Although people in prison are often socially disadvantaged and vulnerable to a range of health problems, there is a lack of information on the oral health conditions of prisoners. Thus, the aim of this study was to survey the oral problems of a sample of the male incarcerated population of Brazil, focusing on dental trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research was undertaken over a three-month period in 2017. It was a cross-sectional study of 756 prisoners of the Curado Prison Complex, located in Recife, PE. Using a previously calibrated examiner, dental trauma was measured with the Andreasen index. Etiology of dental trauma and socio-demographic data were collected with questions developed for this survey. Standard descriptive statistics were used to report frequency estimates. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare groups. In addition, a binary logistic regression was performed to identify whether the studied variables could predict the occurrence of dental trauma. RESULTS The prevalence of dental trauma in the sample was 10.8% and most of the cases (42.7%) occurred due to violent events. A higher frequency of violent etiology was observed in cases that occurred during imprisonment (p = 0.037). Individuals that suffered dental trauma during incarceration were more likely to have been incarcerated for longer periods of time (p = 0.043). The main type of injury found was enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure (68%). The most affected tooth was the upper right central incisor (40%). CONCLUSION These results underline the high prevalence of dental trauma experienced by men in prison.

Introduction: Whitening strips are one of the Over The Counter (OTC) bleaching products which performed tooth whitening through an easy-to-use, low-cost product with good esthetic results. Aim: To compare the bleaching efficacy, tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation, and of home-based chemically-induced teeth whitening treatment performed using either a conventional customised tray or strips as delivering systems for whitening agents. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted at Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil, from 15th May 2015 to 20th January 2018. Total 21 subjects, with maxillary incisor’s shade A3 or darker were selected for this study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups, according to the bleaching technique used i.e, G1 (n=10) was carbamide peroxide 10% (Whiteness Perfect/FGM) delivered in a customised tray, G2 (n=10) was hydrogen peroxide 10% delivered in strips (3D White Whitestrips/OralB). Color changes were evaluated by an objective (Easyshade Spectrophotometer/ VITA) method at baseline, middle of treatment period, end of treatment, 15 and 30 days after treatment end. Tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation and degree of satisfaction were also recorded. Fisher’s-exact test was used for categorical variables i.e, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test for quantitative variables and Mann-Whitney’s test for comparison between two groups. Results: No significant difference was observed in occurrence of tooth sensitivity (p-value=0.635), gingival irritation (p-value=0.090) and treatment satisfaction (p-value=0.476) between groups. Increased whitening effectiveness was observed in both groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation, however with no significant difference between groups (p-value=0.139). Conclusion: Both bleaching systems showed similar effectiveness and high degree of satisfaction. Low degree of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation was observed with no difference between groups.

O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever as características clínicas e demográficas de pessoas com deficiência atendidas em uma clínica-escola de Odontologia do Nordeste brasileiro, relacionando estes perfis às necessidades acumuladas e aos tratamentos realizados no período de março a julho de 2019. Tratou-se de um estudo de análise de banco de dados no qual foram avaliados os prontuários em relação a sexo, idade, diagnóstico médico, uso de medicamentos, motivo da consulta e tratamentos realizados. Foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência de 55 prontuários, referentes aos indivíduos em atendimento neste período. Os testes Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher foram utilizados para verificar associação entre as variáveis estudadas. Foi adotado o intervalo de confiança de 95% e a margem de erro de 5%. Verificou-se que a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (52,7%) e possuía entre 20 e 59 anos (54,5%). As patologias de base de maior prevalência foram as doenças sistêmicas (34,5%) e deficiência intelectual (32,7%). Em relação às medicações, 80% faziam uso contínuo de algum fármaco. A respeito das consultas odontológicas, a procura de 60% da amostra foi por motivo de dor e os procedimentos mais realizados, os restauradores (63,6%). Além disso, a estabilização física e sedação medicamentosa foram amplamente utilizadas nos pacientes com deficiência intelectual. O atendimento odontológico incluiu pacientes com diversas necessidades especiais e, apesar da clínica-escola em questão priorizar a conduta preventiva, a maior parte dos procedimentos executados foi curativo, podendo estar relacionado com a procura tardia pelo tratamento odontológico e dificuldades de acesso.

The purpose of this study was to compare the tooth wear in function of the use of different commercial herbal toothpastes through the analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Twenty bovine teeth were obtained and distributed in 4 groups (n = 5) according to the dentifrice used: G1: Captive Nature (Chamomile, Xylitol, Juá and Salvia); G2: Suavetex Content (Turmeric); G3: Colgate Triple Action (positive control); G4: distilled water (negative control). The samples were painted in the half of the fragment with nail polish so that only half of the fragment was brushed. The simulated brushing (20,000 cycles) was performed with linear movements, under static axial load of 200g and speed of 4.5 cycles per second. After this step, an analysis was performed through OCT and and the images obtained were evaluated to identify possible changes in the specimen surface. According to the qualitative analysis of the OCT images, enamel wear was not observed, since all measurements were null. Regarding the evaluation of dentin, surface wear was observed in all groups except G4, but G3 had the highest number of samples with surface wear around 21.32%. All dentifrices had abrasive wear on the dentin surface to a greater or lesser extent, but there was no wear on the enamel surface. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el desgaste de los dientes en función del uso de diferentes pastas dentales a base de hierbas comerciales mediante el análisis de tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT). Se obtuvieron veinte dientes de bovino, distribuidos en 4 grupos (n = 5) según el dentífrico utilizado: G1: Naturaleza Cautiva (Manzanilla, Xilitol, Juá y Salvia); G2: Contenido de Suavetex (cúrcuma); G3: Colgate Triple Action (control positivo); G4: agua destilada (control negativo). Las muestras se pintaron en la mitad del fragmento con esmalte de uñas de modo que solo se cepilló la otra mitad del fragmento. El cepillado simulado (20.000 ciclos) se realizó con movimientos lineales, bajo una carga axial estática de 200g y una velocidad de 4,5 ciclos por segundo. Posterior a este paso, se realizó un análisis mediante el OCT y se evaluaron las imágenes obtenidas para identificar posibles cambios en la superficie de las probetas. Según el análisis cualitativo de las imágenes OCT, no se observó desgaste del esmalte, ya que todas las medidas fueron nulas. En cuanto a la evaluación de la dentina, se observó desgaste superficial en todos los grupos excepto G4, pero G3 tuvo el mayor número de muestras con desgaste superficial alrededor del 21,32%. Todos los dentífricos presentaron desgaste abrasivo en la superficie de la dentina en mayor o menor medida, pero no hubo desgaste en la superficie del esmalte. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desgaste dentário em função do uso de diferentes cremes dentais fitoterápicos comerciais por meio da análise de Tomografia de Coerência Óptica (OCT). Foram obtidos 20 dentes bovinos, distribuídos em 4 grupos (n = 5) de acordo com o dentifrício utilizado: G1: Natureza Cativa (Camomila, Xilitol, Juá e Salvia); G2: Conteúdo de Suavetex (Cúrcuma); G3: Tripla Ação Colgate (controle positivo); G4: água destilada (controle negativo). As amostras foram pintadas na metade do fragmento com esmalte de unha para que apenas a outra metade do fragmento fosse escovado. A escovação simulada (20.000 ciclos) foi realizada com movimentos lineares, sob carga axial estática de 200g e velocidade de 4,5 ciclos por segundo. Após essa etapa, foi realizada uma análise através do OCT e as imagens obtidas foram avaliadas para identificação de possíveis alterações na superfície dos espécimes. De acordo com a análise qualitativa das imagens de OCT, não foi observado desgaste do esmalte dental, uma vez que todas as medidas foram nulas. Em relação à avaliação da dentina, o desgaste superficial foi observado em todos os grupos com exceção do G4, porém o G3 apresentou o maior número de amostras com desgaste superficial em torno de 21,32%. Todos os dentifrícios obtiveram um desgaste abrasivo na superfície da dentina em maior ou menor grau, porém não houve desgaste na superfície do esmalte.

Tooth bleaching has become the first clinical option in reversing chromatic changes. This study evaluated the efficiency of four different approaches for home-based chemically induced tooth whitening. 32 patients were randomly distributed into four groups (n=8), according to the bleaching technique performed: G1: control group – at-home dental bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect/FGM) delivered in a customized tray, G2: teeth whitening pen containing hydrogen peroxide (Walgreens), G3: night-time whitening gel (CVS) containing hydrogen peroxide and G4: whitening strips (3D White Oral B) containing 10% hydrogen peroxide. Chromatic changes (ΔE) were collected at baseline and at the middle and end of the treatment, using a digital spectrophotometer (EasyShade – Vita). Tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, and degree of satisfaction were also recorded. The comparison between the average ΔE means, considering the final and initial values, revealed a statistically significant difference between the results obtained by G1 (ΔE2=11.65) and the other groups (ΔE2 of G2=4.38, G3=4.83 and G4 = 8.32). No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. The patients from G1 and G4 were more satisfied with the treatment outcome. El blanqueamiento dental se ha convertido en la primera opción clínica para revertir los cambios cromáticos. Este estudio evaluó la eficiencia de cuatro enfoques diferentes para el blanqueamiento dental inducido químicamente en el hogar. 32 pacientes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos (n = 8), según la técnica de blanqueamiento realizada: G1: grupo control - blanqueamiento convencional supervisado con peróxido de carbamida al 10% (Whiteness Perfect / FGM) entregado en bandeja personalizada, G2: lápiz blanqueador de dientes que contiene peróxido de hidrógeno (Walgreens), G3: gel blanqueador nocturno (CVS) que contiene peróxido de hidrógeno y G4: tiras blanqueadoras (3D White Oral B) que contienen peróxido de hidrógeno al 10%. Los cambios cromáticos (ΔE) se recogieron al inicio del estudio y en la mitad y al final del tratamiento, utilizando un espectrofotómetro digital (EasyShade - Vita). También se registraron la sensibilidad dental, la irritación gingival y el grado de satisfacción. La comparación entre las medias ΔE promedio, considerando los valores final e inicial, reveló una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los resultados obtenidos por G1 (ΔE2 = 11.65) y los demás grupos (ΔE2 de G2 = 4.38, G3 = 4.83 y G4 = 8.32). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la aparición de sensibilidad dental e irritación gingival. Los pacientes de G1 y G4 estaban más satisfechos con el resultado del tratamiento. O clareamento dental tornou-se a primeira opção clínica na reversão das alterações cromáticas. Este estudo avaliou a eficiência de quatro abordagens diferentes para o clareamento dentário induzido quimicamente em casa. 32 pacientes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n = 8), de acordo com a técnica de clareamento realizada: G1: grupo controle - clareamento convencional supervisionado com peróxido de carbamida 10% (Whiteness Perfect / FGM) aplicado em moldeira customizada, G2: caneta clareadora dentária contendo peróxido de hidrogênio (Walgreens), G3: gel clareador noturno (CVS) contendo peróxido de hidrogênio e G4: tiras clareadoras (3D White Oral B) contendo 10% de peróxido de hidrogênio. As alterações cromáticas (ΔE) foram coletadas no início e no meio e no final do tratamento, por meio de espectrofotômetro digital (EasyShade - Vita). Sensibilidade dentária, irritação gengival e grau de satisfação também foram registrados. A comparação entre as médias do ΔE médio, considerando os valores final e inicial, revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os resultados obtidos pelo G1 (ΔE2 = 11,65) e os demais grupos (ΔE2 do G2 = 4,38, G3 = 4,83 e G4 = 8,32). Não foi observada diferença significativa na ocorrência de sensibilidade dentária e irritação gengival. Os pacientes do G1 e G4 ficaram mais satisfeitos com o resultado do tratamento.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the influence of finishing and polishing (F/P) protocols on resin surface through roughness (Ra) values and laser scan microscopy observations. Methods: Forty-eight (n=48) resin specimens were sorted into four groups (n=12), according to the type of resin used: Filtek Z250 (Z250), Filtek Z350 (Z350), Filtek One Bulk Fill (BF), Filtek P60 (P60). The specimens were sorted into six groups according to the type of F/P system used (n=2/group): Control group, Diamond bur (KG Sorensen), Soflex Pop-On Discs (3M ESPE), Soflex Spiral (3M ESPE), Dura Gloss (American Burs), and Praxis (TDV). Results: The highest roughness values (Ra) were attributed to BF group for all F/P systems, except for the Soft-Lex PopOn discs. The Soft-Lex PopOn, Spiral, and Praxis discs presented a better performance for the surface treatment of the tested composite resins. Regardless of the restorative material, the use of diamond bur or single-step abrasive rubber (Dura Gloss) were associated with the highest Ra values. Conclusion: The effect of F/P systems on Ra is material-dependent and instrument or system-dependent.

SummaryOnline-available information has been considered an accessory tool to estimate epidemiology and collect data on diseases and population behavior patterns. This study aimed to explore the potential use of Google and YouTube relative search volume to predict social distancing index in Brazil during COVID-19 outbreak and verify the correlation between social distancing measures with the course of the epidemic. Data concerning the social distancing index, epidemiological data on COVID-19 in Brazil and the search engines trends for “Coronavirus” were retrieved from online databases. Multiple linear regression was performed and resulted in a statistically significant model evidencing that Google and YouTube relative search volumes are predictors of the social distancing index. The Spearman correlation test revealed a weak correlation between social distancing measures and the course of the COVID-19 epidemic. Health authorities can apply these data to define the proper timing and location for practicing appropriate risk communication strategies.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the quality, reliability and readability of internet-based information on COVID-19 available on Brazil’ most used search engines.MethodsA total of 68 websites were selected through Google, Bing, and Yahoo. The websites content quality and reliability were evaluated using the DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the presence of the Health on Net (HON) certification. Readability was assessed by the Flesch Reading Ease adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (FRE-BP).ResultsThe web contents were considered moderate to low quality according to DISCERN and JAMA mean scores. Most of the sample presented very difficult reading levels and only 7.4% displayed HON certification. Websites of Governmental and health-related authorship nature showed lower JAMA mean scores and quality and readability measures did not correlate to the webpages content type.ConclusionCOVID-19 related contents available online were considered of low to moderate quality and not accessible.

Background Additional heat polymerization in composite resins allows greater effective­ness of microhardness, flexural strength, fracture tough­ness, wear resistance, and increased color stability. Material and Methods 150 composite resin specimens were made using a 4 mm diameter and 2 mm thick bipartite steel matrix. Five resins composed of different compositions were tested (Brilliant Everglow/Coltene, Filtek One BulkFill/3M, Filtek P60/3M, Filtek Z350XT/3M, Filtek Z250XT/3M), and for each of them three types of polymerization were tested: light curing only (n=50); photopolymerization + autoclave thermopolymerization (n=50) and photopolymerization + microwave thermopolymerization (n=50). Each specimen was submitted to three indentations by means of the Vickers microhardness test, applying a load of 300gf, associated with the time of 15s. Data were analyzed descriptively by means of statistics, standard deviation and coefficient of variation and inferentially by the F test (ANOVA) in the comparison between groups. The margin of error used in statistical test decisions was 5%. Results The highest vicker microhardness averages were from the Control group (light curing only) on P60 (82.16) and Z250 XT (79.61) resins. The lowest averages were all verified on Brilliant Everglow resin in all polymerization methods studied: Photopolymerization (37.32), with microwave (43.80) and autoclave (45.12), followed by Bulk Fill 3M resin, ranged from 52.23 to 59.15. Conclusions Both autoclave and microwave thermopolymerization methods showed similar behavior on the microhardness of the composites studied. Considering the resin type, there was a varied behavior compared to thermopolymerization, which increased the microhardness values for Brilliant Everglow resins (Coltene) and Filtek One Bulkfill (3M) and decreased for Filtek P60, Filtek Z350XT and Filtek Z250XT resins. Key words:Dentistry, composite resins, polymerization.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of Dentistry and Physical Education students on mouthguard usage in sports practice. Methods A form containing questions that demonstrated participants’ knowledge about the use of mouthguards was applied. Inclusion criteria were: individuals older than 18 years who were attending Dentistry or Physical Education courses from the sixth period and who agreed to participate in the study, and the exclusion criteria for dentistry students were: attended the discipline of Dental Materials II of UFPE and already participated in internships in schools or academies for the participants of the Physical Education course. Results it was possible to observe that 97% of the interviewees know what a mouthguard is, but none of the participants would be able to indicate a specific type of mouthguard to sportsmen. Conclusion It was possible to conclude that a large number of the interviewees know what a mouthguard is, but not enough to indicate which is the safest protector. RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento dos alunos do curso de Odontologia e Educação Física sobre os protetores bucais nos desportos. Métodos Aplicação de formulário avaliando conhecimento dos participantes sobre o uso de protetores bucais. Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivíduos maiores de 18 anos que estivessem cursando os cursos de Odontologia ou Educação Física a partir do sexto período e que concordassem em participar da pesquisa, já os critérios de exclusão para os alunos do curso de Odontologia foram: não ter cursado a disciplina de Materiais Dentários II da UFPE e já ter participado de estágios em escolas ou academias no caso dos participantes do curso de Educação Física. Resultados: foi possível observar que 97% dos entrevistados sabem o que é um protetor bucal, porém, nenhum dos participantes saberiam indicar um tipo específico de protetor bucal aos desportistas. Conclusão que uma grande parcela dos entrevistados conhece o que é um protetor bucal, porém, não o suficiente para poder indicar qual o protetor mais seguro.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:14:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Background: Employing violet LED on tooth bleaching is a recent but promising technique. This study aimed to assess the bleaching effectiveness of violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) associated or not with bleaching gels containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP). Methods: seventy bovine incisors were randomly assigned into 7 groups (n = 10) according to the technique and whitening product used. Group C: Artificial saliva (placebo); Group HP L-: three sessions of HP at 35 % without light activation; Group CP L-: three weeks of CP at 16 % for 4 h/day; Group HP CP L-: three sessions of HP at 35 % without light activation + 2 weeks of CP at 16 %, for 4 h/day; Group LED: four sessions with violet LED; Group HP L+: three sessions with HP at 35 % + violet LED; Group CP L+: three weeks with CP at 16 % for 4 h/day + violet LED. Color changes (ΔE and ΔL) were measured with a portable digital spectrophotometer. Results: The results were similar between the groups of bleaching protocols, demonstrating that the use of the violet LED did not influence bleaching effectiveness when using HP 35 % or CP 16 % after 3 sessions. In addition, the use of the violet LED alone obtained ΔE values ​​similar to the protocols with the use of peroxides, however less variation of ΔL was observed for this group. Conclusions: The use of violet LEDs associated or not with bleaching gels was effective for tooth whitening. In addition, it was also concluded that the physical lightening technique with violet LED used alone produced less variation in dental brightness. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP

Background After dental bleaching procedures dentists commonly advise patients to reduce the consumption of beverages that may cause the teeth to stain, however, the effectiveness of teeth whitening may not be directly affected by diet. Material and methods It was evaluated through in vitro study whether contact with dyes through in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide would influence the effectiveness of treatment. Sixty bovine incisors were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 12) according to contact frequency and type of dye solutions. All dental elements received three in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide one week apart. Except for GCTRL (control), all experimental groups were submerged in dyes (coffee or wine) for 5 min once a day. In groups GC24 and GW24 contact with the dyes was made from 24 hours after each bleaching session, while in groups GC72 and GW72, from 72 hours. The color was measured with a digital spectrophotometer. Data were expressed as statistics: mean and standard deviation. Results Contact with dyes during in-office bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide did not influence the staining averages after three bleaching sessions. The speed of the whitening effect was influenced by contact with coffee from 24 hours after the sessions and with wine from 24 hours and 72 hours after the whitening session. The whitening result was reversed after one week for all groups, especially for groups that came in contact with red wine either 24 hours or 72 hours after session and coffee after 24 hours. Conclusions Contact with dyes during in-office bleaching treatment did not influence the final staining averages after three bleaching sessions although there was influence on speed of the whitening effect between the sessions. Key words:Tooth bleaching, hydrogen peroxide, spectrophotometry.