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Studying species interactions in nature often requires elaborated logistics and intense fieldwork. The difficulties in such task might hinder our ability to answer questions on how biotic interactions change with the environment. Fortunately, a workaround to this problem lies within scientific collections. For some animals, the inspection of preserved specimens can reveal the scars of past antagonistic encounters, such as predation attempts. A common defensive behaviour that leaves scars on animals is autotomy, the loss of a body appendage to escape predation. By knowing the collection site of preserved specimens, it is possible to assess the influence of organismal biology and the surrounding environment in the occurrence of autotomy. We gathered data on tail loss for 8189 preserved specimens of 33 snake and 11 amphisbaenian species to investigate biological and environmental correlates of autotomy in reptiles. We applied generalized linear mixed effect models to evaluate whether body size, sex, life-stage, habitat use, activity pattern, biome, tropicality, temperature and precipitation affect the probability of tail loss in limbless reptiles. We observed autotomy in 23.6% of examined specimens, with 18.7% of amphisbaenian and 33.4% of snake specimens showing tail loss. The probability of tail loss did not differ between snakes and amphisbaenians, but it was higher among large-sized specimens, particularly in adults and females. Chance of tail loss was higher for diurnal and arboreal species, and among specimens collected in warmer regions, but it was unaffected by biome, precipitation, and tropicality. Autotomy in limbless reptiles was affected by size-dependent factors that interplay with ontogeny and sexual dimorphism, although size-independent effects of life-stage and sex also shaped behavioural responses to predators. The increase in probability of tail loss with verticality and diurnality suggests a risk-balance mechanism between species habitat use and activity pattern. Although autotomy is more likely in warmer regions, it seems unrelated to seasonal differences in snakes and amphisbaenians activity. Our findings reveal several processes related to predator-prey interactions involving limbless reptiles, demonstrating the importance of scientific collections to unveil ecological mechanisms at different spatio-temporal scales.

Several species of Cophomantini are known to have an enlarged prepollex, commonly modified as an osseous spine. We surveyed the osteology and myology of the prepollex and associated elements of 94 of the 190 species of Cophomantini, sampling all genera, except Nesorohyla. Two distinct prepollex morphologies were found: a blade-shaped and a spine-shaped morphology. We described the observed variation in 17 discrete characters to study their evolution in the most inclusive phylogenetic hypothesis for Cophomantini. Both morphologies evolved multiple times during the evolutionary history of this clade, but the origin of the spine-shaped distal prepollex in Boana and Bokermannohyla is ambiguous. The articulation of metacarpal II with the prepollex through a medial expansion of the metacarpal proximal epiphysis is a synapomorphy for Boana. The shape of the curve of the spine, and a large post-articular process of the distal prepollex, are synapomorphies for the Boana pulchella group, the latter being homoplastic in the Bokermannohyla martinsi group. Muscle character states associated with the spine-shaped prepollex are plesiomorphic for Cophomantini. We discuss evolution, function, behaviour and sexual dimorphism related to the prepollical elements. A bony spine is associated with fights between males, but forearm hypertrophy could be more related with habitat than with territorial combat.

Aim To assess compliance with evidence-based practice regarding screening and detection of delirium in adult patients at the ICU from a university hospital. Methods The compliance rates were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit and feedback tool. This strategy was designed in three phases: (1) establishing a team and conducting a baseline audit based on criteria informed by the evidence; (2) reflecting on the results of the baseline audit and designing and implementing strategies to address noncompliance found in the baseline audit informed by the JBI Getting Research into Practice framework; and (3) conducting a follow-up audit to assess the outcomes of the interventions implemented to improve practice and identify future practice issues to be addressed in subsequent audits. The implementation protocol was designed based on the primary barriers and facilitators identified in the baseline audit, allied to a training program and electronic medical records changes. Nursing documentation available in medical records from patients admitted in the ICU was used to assess the baseline and follow-up audit compliance rates. Results None of the medical records evaluated before the implementation protocol showed compliance with the following audit criteria: a valid and reliable instrument is accessible in the ward environment (0%), the nursing care documentation supports that the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit instrument is being used (0%) and population assessed for delirium includes all adults over the age of 65, cognitive impairment, dementia, or both, current hip fracture and severe illness (0%). After the evidence-based practice implementation, the follow-up audit revealed up to 100% compliance rates with those criteria, showing that all patients under risk were screened and assessed for delirium. The only exception was the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit use, whose compliance was observed in 80.95% of the medical records. Conclusion These findings support that baseline and follow-up audits allied to a delirium training program, and changes in the electronic nursing records increase the compliance rates related to the evidence-based practice for screening patients under risk and assessing delirium.

The morphological diversity of anuran larvae made them an important source of information for evolutionary and systematic studies. For the monotypic frog genus Lithodytes, which has an interesting taxonomic history, including its past synonymizing with Adenomera and its placement as a subgenus of Leptodactylus, the information provided from its larvae can help to understand its systematics interrelationships and also provide insights about its evolutionary trajectories. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the larval morphology of Lithodytes lineatus, including novel data of internal morphology (buccopharyngeal cavity and skeleton), and discuss some morphological and evolutionary aspects in relation to other members of the subfamily Leptodactylinae. Despite the overall similar larval morphology with others members of the subfamily, we identified four autapomorphic traits for Lithodytes and seven purported homoplastic traits with a subclade of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group that likely evolved convergently. Some of these traits have been previously associated with a carnivorous diet. Putative homoplastic and autapomorphic characters served as additional diagnostic traits for Lithodytes, supporting its recognition as a distinct genus within Leptodactylidae.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund The campo rupestre ecosystem is considered an old, climatically buffered, infertile landscape. As a consequence, long-term isolation is thought to have played an important role in the diversification of its biota. Here, we tested for hybridization between two endemic leaf frogs from the campo rupestre. We used sequence markers and coalescent models to verify haplotype sharing between the species, to test the existence and direction of gene flow, and to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene flow. Additionally, ecological niche modelling (ENM) was used to assess for potential co-occurrence by overlapping the climatic niche of these species since the middle Pleistocene. We found haplotype sharing and/or lack of differentiation in four nuclear fragments, one of them associated with introgression. The coalescent models support introgressive hybridization unidirectionally from Pithecopus megacephalus to P. ayeaye, occurring ∼300 kya. ENM corroborates this scenario, revealing areas of potential environmental niche overlap for the species at about 787 kya. These results contradict the expectation of reduced hybridization, while ENM suggests climatic fluctuation rather than stability for the two species. The reduced hybridization hypothesis needs to be further investigated because our results suggest that it may have unrealistic premises at least for animals. Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Laboratorio de Ecologia e Conservação Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Departamento de Genética Evolução Microbiologia e Imunologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Laboratório de Fauna e Unidades de Conservação Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Even though Brazil is the world leader in amphibian diversity, a significant part of its richness remains unknown or hidden under cryptic taxa. Here, we used model-based species delimitation in an integrative taxonomic approach, by gathering molecular and morphometric data to assess cryptic taxa within the monkey frogs Pithecopus rohdei, from the Atlantic Forest, and P. megacephalus, from campos rupestres ecosystem. We sampled one mitochondrial, five nuclear loci, and 18 morphometric variables. Using species-delimitation methods with genetic and morphometric data, we recovered five divergent lineages within P. rohdei and no cryptic lineages were recovered for P. megacephalus. Morphometric data show differentiation only for one of the candidate species revealed by the delimitation approaches, suggesting that individuals from Doce River basin constitute a putative species for formal taxonomic description. The time-calibrated mtDNA tree shows that P. rohdei complex lineages began to diverge in late Miocene. However, dates from the multilocus species tree are more recent, occurring in Pleistocene, and suggesting their persistence in refuges of forest and sky islands within the Atlantic Forest biome. The existence of cryptic taxa within P. rohdei is, therefore, relevant for planning conservation strategies for this species complex in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Programa Posgrad Genet, Ave Antonio Carlos,6627, BR-31270010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Programa Posgrad Zool, Ave Antonio Carlos,6627, BR-31270010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Lab Ecossistemas, Campus Univ Darcy Ribeiro, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, Ave 24 A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Ave 24 A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Dept Vertebrados, Herpetol, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, Ave 24 A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Ave 24 A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPEMIG: APQ-01998-17 FAPEMIG: APQ-01120-16 CAPES: 440665/2015-9 FAPESP: 2012/10000-5 FAPESP: 2012/25370-2 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2013/20423-3

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Four species of pumpkin toadlets are currently recognized by the extreme condition of hyperossification in the skull and vertebral column within the genus Brachycephalus. In addition to their larger body size, relative to other congeneric species, Brachycephalus darkside, Brachycephalus ephippium, Brachycephalus garbeanus, and Brachycephalus margaritatus share remarkable osteological features, such as the large paravertebral plates forming an ornamented dorsal bone shield, visible through the integument. We add to the current knowledge of this group by analyzing its diversity and describing a new hyperossified species from some important Atlantic Forest remnants in southeastern Brazil, including those bordering São Paulo, the largest and most populous city in South America. The new species is diagnosed by a combination of morphological, osteological, and bioacoustic characters, with further evidence of mtDNA sequences to confirm its distinction from the other congeners. The parotic and paravertebral bone plates externally bordered with a rough and pale contour can readily distinguish the new species from the other hyperossified species within Brachycephalus. The new species is widely distributed along the Serra do Mar mountain range, including the regionally named Serra de Paranapiacaba, in elevations from 700 to 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), in the central coast of the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We discuss valuable morphological characters within this group of species, reinforce the need for further studies, and highlight the relevance of protected areas for biodiversity conservation in metropolitan regions. Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Fundacao Para A Conservacao e A Producao Florestal Do Estado de Sao Paulo Parque Estadual da Serra Do Mar Núcleo São Sebastião Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos Www.cbro.org.br Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Herpetologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) Rufford Foundation In this paper we present a phylogenetic analysis of the treefrogs of the Boana pulchella Group with the goals of (1) providing a rigorous test of its monophyly; (2) providing a test of relationships supported in previous studies; and (3) exploring the relationships of the several species not included in previous analyses. The analyses included>300 specimens of 37 of the 38 species currently included in the group, plus 36 outgroups, exemplars of the diversity of Boana and the other genera of the hylid tribe Cophomantini. The dataset included eight mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, CytB, COI, ND1, tRNA(Ile), tRNA(Leu), and tRNA(Val)) and five nuclear genes (RHO, TYR, RAG-1, CXCR4, SIAH1). The phylogenetic analyses recover the monophyly of the B. pulchella Group with lower support than previous studies, as a result of the inclusion of the B. claresignata Group, which is recovered as its sister taxon. Within the B. pulchella Group, the inclusion of almost all species of the group had little impact on previous notions of its phylogeny, except for the rejection of the hypothesized B. polytaenia Clade (B. goiana and B. phaeopleura are nested in the clade here called the B. prasina Clade), which is redefined. Phylogenetic support is strong for five major clades, which collectively include all but three of the species sampled: the B. balzani Clade (B. aguilari, B. balzani, B. gladiator, B. melanopleura, B. palaestes), the redefined B. polytaenia Clade (B. botumirim, B. buriti, B. cipoensis, B. jaguariaivensis, B. leptolineata, B. polytaenia, B. stenocephala, and two undescribed species), the B. prasina Clade (B. bischoffi, B. caingua, B. cordobae, B. goiana, B. guentheri, B. marginata, B. phaeopleura, B. prasina, B. pulchella, and one undescribed species), the B. riojana Clade (B. callipleura, B. marianitae, B. riojana), and the B. semiguttata Clade (B. caipora, B. curupi, B. joaquini, B. poaju, B. semiguttata, B. stellae, and two undescribed species). The monophyly of the B. prasina + B. riojana Clades, and that of the B. polytaenia + B. semiguttata Clades are well-supported. The relationships among these two clades, the B. balzani Clade, B. ericae + B. freicanecae, and B. cambui (representing the deepest phylogenetic splits within the B. pulchella Group) are recovered with weak support. We discuss the phenotypic evidence supporting the monophyly of the B. pulchella Group, and the taxonomy of several species, identifying three new synonyms of Boana polytaenia, one new synonym of Boana goiana, and one new synonym of B. riojana. Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Herpetol, Angel Gallardo 470, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Anfibios, Dept Zool, Inst Biociencias, Rua Matao,Travessa 14,101,Sala 137,Cidade Univ, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura, IB, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Nacl Misiones, Lab Genet Evolutiva Claudio J Bidau, Inst Biol Subtrop CONICET UNaM, Fac Ciencias Exactas Quim & Nat, Felix de Azara 1552,CPA N3300LQF, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina Univ Ghent, Dept Nutr Genet & Ethol, Fac Vet Med, Heidestr 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Ave Irala 565,Casilla 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia Univ Brasilia, Lab Fauna, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Unidades Conservacao, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Lab Anuros Neotropicais, Inst Ciencias Exatas & Nat Pontal, Rua 20,1600, BR-38304402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil Museo Biodiversidad Peru, Urbanizac Mariscal Gamarra A-61,Zona 2, Cuzco, Peru Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Museo Hist Nat, Cuzco, Peru Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Vertebrados, Museu Nacl, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Vale Rio Grande Sul, Lab Sistemat & Taxon, Sala E04224,Ave Unisinos 950, BR-93022750 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil Univ Nacl Jujuy, Catedra Evoluc, Fac Ciencias Agr VICAM CONICET, Alberdi 47,Y4600DTA, San Salvador De Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol, 309 East Emerson St, Bloomington, IL 61761 USA Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura, IB, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNPq: 446935/2014-0 CNPq: 300903/2015-4 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 CNPq: 310301/2018-1 CNPq: 305169/2019-0 CNPq: 158681/2013-4 FAPESP: 2018/18473-6 FAPESP: 2019/25061-9 FAPESP: 2017/26162-8 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2018/15425-0 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2007-2202 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2011-1895 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2013-404 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2015-813 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2015-820 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2015-2381 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2018-3349 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET): PIP 11220110100889 Rufford Foundation: 39.05.07 Rufford Foundation: 77.04.09 Rufford Foundation: 9096-B Rufford Foundation: 1047-C

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-17 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica Anurans have the greatest diversity of reproductive modes among tetrapod vertebrates, with at least 41 being currently recognized. We describe a new reproductive mode for anurans, as exhibited by the Paranapiacaba Treefrog, Bokermannohyla astartea, an endemic and poorly known species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest belonging to the B. circumdata group. We also describe other aspects of its reproductive biology, that are relevant to understanding the new reproductive mode, such as courtship behavior, spawning, and tadpoles. Additionally, we redescribe its advertisement call and extend its vocal repertoire by describing three additional call types: courtship, amplectant, and presumed territorial. The new reproductive mode exhibited by B. astartea consists of: (1) deposition of aquatic eggs in leaf-tanks of terrestrial or epiphytic bromeliads located on or over the banks of temporary or permanent streams; (2) exotrophic tadpoles remain in the leaf-tanks during initial stages of development (until Gosner stage 26), after which they presumably jump or are transported to streams after heavy rains that flood their bromeliad tanks; and (3) tadpole development completes in streams. The tadpoles of B. astartea are similar to those of other species of the B. circumdata group, although with differences in the spiracle, eyes, and oral disc. The vocal repertoire of B. astartea exhibits previously unreported acoustic complexity for the genus. Bokermannohyla astartea is the only bromeligenous species known to date among the 187 known species within the tribe Cophomantini. We further discuss evolutionary hypotheses for the origin of this novel reproductive mode. Fundacao Conservacao & Prod Florestal Estado Sao, Nucleo Sao Sebastiao, Parque Estadual Serra Mar, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Inst Biociencias, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Inst Biociencias, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Programa Posgrad Zool, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biol, Programa Posgrad Biol Comparada, FFCLRP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat, Div Herpetol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Fed ABC UFABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, Sao Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Inst Biociencias, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Inst Biociencias, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNPq: 141259/2014-0 FAPESP: 2008/54472-2 FAPESP: 2008/50928-1 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2014/50342-8 FAPESP: 2014/23677-9 CAPES: 440665/2015-9 CNPq: 202081/2015-0 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 CNPq: 312795/2018-1 CNPq: 310301/2018-1 FAPESP: 2017/27137-7 FAPESP: 2018/15425-0 FAPESP: 2017/26162-8 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2015-820 CAPES: 001

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:22:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:26:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032020000300301.pdf: 38938215 bytes, checksum: df83f0f3d481c8cf7fb83ccfa572856c (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The Atlantic Forest (AF) is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world, and the most fragmented biome of Brazil. This biome includes different phytophysiognomies, as riparian, slope, cloudy forests, and grasslands. Such complexity, allied to huge latitudinal and high elevational range, provides diverse habitats and conditions for amphibian speciation. As a result, there are over 600 amphibian species known to occur in the AF. Within this biome the Caparaó National Park (CNP) is relevant, as it includes the highest peak of the biome, the Pico da Bandeira at almost 3,000 m above sea level, as well as different phytophysiognomies as rocky fields and humid forests. In spite of that, its amphibian fauna is still poorly described. We inventoried amphibians at the CNP and surrounding areas from 2016 to 2018 and recorded 47 anuran species, of which two are locally endemic and at least six have not been described yet. Additionally, we compiled data from previous surveys (2004 to 2008) and secondary data from scientific collections. All together, we registered a total of 61 anuran species from 12 families for the CNP and surroundings, placing this area among the 10 amphibian richest sites in the AF. Some of these species are represented by only one or two collected specimens and have not been registered in the CNP since the 1980’s, such as Thoropa lutzi and Hylodes vanzolinii. These species could be examples of population declines or even past local extinctions, highlighting the need of further sampling efforts in that highly biodiverse site. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Biologia Animal Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB) Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Instituto de Biologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Rua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 255 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 101, Cidade Universitária Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia LMG 818, Km 6 Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bangú Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM) Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Caixa postal 119331 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista CAPES: #001 CNPq: #140874/2019-4 FAPESP: #2001/05470-8 FAPESP: #2003/10335-8 FAPESP: #2011/50146-6 FAPESP: #2013/50741-7 FAPESP: #2014/23388-7 FAPESP: #2016/25358-3 FAPESP: #2019/03170-0 CNPq: #300896/2016-6 CNPq: #306623/2018-8 CNPq: #310301/2018-1

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:03:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 The Brazilian Atlantic Forest harbors high levels of anuran diversity and endemism, including several taxa restricted to small geographic ranges. Here, we provide a multilocus phylogeny for Paratelmatobiinae, a leptodactylid subfamily composed of small-ranged species distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and in the campo rupestre ecosystem. We performed Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses using three mitochondrial and five nuclear markers, and a matrix comprising a broad taxonomic sampling. We then delimitated independently evolving lineages within the group. We recovered Paratelmatobiinae and each of its four genera as monophyletic and robustly supported. Five putatively new species included in our analyses were unambiguously supported in the phylogenetic trees and delimitation analyses. We also recovered other deeply divergent and geographically structured lineages within the four genera of Paratelmatobiinae. Our estimation of divergence times indicates that diversification in the subfamily began in the Eocene and continued until the Pleistocene. We discuss possible scenarios of diversification for the four genera of Paratelmatobiinae, and outline the implications of our findings for taxonomy and conservation. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515 Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT) Campus Dom Bosco Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio, 74 Museu de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481 Departamento de Ciências Naturais Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau Department of Biology City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue Biology Program Graduate Center City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515 Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515

We describe a new species of Physalaemus assigned to the Physalaemus signifer Clade, and it is morphologically similar to P. rupestris, from the highlands of the Serra do Cipó in the southern Espinhaço Range, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by using the following combination of character states: presence of an arrow-shaped blotch on the dorsum of body; presence of a median longitudinal light stripe over urostyle region; belly and ventral surface of thigh marbled with dark gray irregularly shaped blotches on a bluish background; absence of reddish coloration over axillary and inguinal regions in live individuals; bright orange dots scattered over head, upper lip, and dorsum of body in live individuals; ventral surface of hand and foot red in live individuals; small size (adult male SVL=16.2–18.2 mm); presence of brown, not divided, nuptial pad in males; END/ED in males ranging from 0.85–0.93; supernumerary tubercles on foot absent; tarsal fold absent; tarsal tubercle absent; texture of posterior region of belly and ventral surface of thigh smooth; advertisement call composed of two note types (note A + B); advertisement call duration of 0.80–1.28 s; note A with ascending amplitude until mid-note then descending towards the end of the note; note B with pulses arranged in 5–7 groups; and dominant frequency of note A from 1734.4–2765.6 Hz and of note B from 1507.3–2859.4 Hz. A phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequences recovered the new species nested within the Physalaemus deimaticus species group. Additionally, we redescribe the call of Physalaemus rupestris and provide a review of the geographic distribution and conservation status of the species belonging to the P. deimaticus species group.

The genus Edalorhina consists of two species of small forest-floor frogs inhabiting the Amazon basin. The tadpole of Edalorhina perezi, the most widely distributed species, was previously described based on a single and early stage (Gosner 25) individual. Herein, we provide a description of the tadpole in Gosner stages 35-36 including internal morphology data (i.e., buccopharyngeal cavity and larval skeleton) based on samples from two populations from Ecuador. Edalorhina shares a generalized morphology with most members of its closely related taxa; however, it is distinguished from the other species by having an almost terminal oral disc. The presence of a dextral vent tube is considered a synapomorphy for the clade consisting of Edalorhina, Engystomops, and Physalaemus. Within this clade, the combination of two lingual papillae, a filiform median ridge, and the lack of buccal roof papillae are diagnostic of E. perezi and putative autapomorphies of Edalorhina. Chondrocranial anatomy provides characteristics, that is, presence of and uniquely shaped processus pseudopterygoideus and cartilago suprarostralis with corpora and alae joined by dorsal and ventral connections that readily differentiates the genus from other Leiuperinae.

We describe a new species of the genus Fritziana, historically identified as Fritziana fissilis or F. aff. fissilis. Using adult and tadpole morphology, as well as molecular analyses, we found the new species to be characterized by having the following traits: a mucronate snout tip, a black stripe on the wrist, round subarticular tubercles on the fingers and toes, a closed dorsal egg-pouch in females, tadpoles deposited in bromeliads, and a different mitochondrial transfer RNA gene order, when compared to the general orders already recognized for anurans. This new species occurs in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, in the states of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, and has the largest geographic distribution recorded for a species of Fritziana.

We present a synthesis of anuran diversity and distribution in the Mantiqueira Mountain Range, one of the largest mountain ranges occurring within the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. We assembled a species list based on the examination of 16,893 specimens housed in 10 herpetological collections and data compiled from the literature. We developed minimum convex polygons for each species to determine their degree of association with the mountain range, and assessed distribution patterns considering species presence–absence in nearby geomorphological units. The northern and southern sectors of the mountain range were examined for differences in species composition, accounting for possible effects of the main vegetation types of the range. We recorded 234 anuran species (∼23% of total anuran richness for Brazil), including 143 core species, 89 species of marginal occurrence, and 2 species with an undetermined degree of association because of taxonomic uncertainties. Of these species, 91 were widespread and occur throughout the Atlantic Forest and in other regions, 53 were not widespread but range into neighboring geomorphological units, and 88 were endemic species. The northern and southern sectors of the mountain range differed in species composition, which was influenced by the different vegetation types. Thirty-nine endemic species were restricted to the southern sector, whereas 45 occurred only in the northern sector, indicating that these sectors potentially represent distinct biogeographic units with regard to the anurans. We found 14 species that are listed among the categories of both global and national lists of threatened species and 10 species whose most recent records date from at least 30 yr ago. Our study confirms that the Mantiqueira Range is a critical region for anuran endemism and conservation in the Atlantic Forest, and provides a baseline for future biogeographic, taxonomic, and macroecological studies.

Amphisbaena rozei is endemic to the Caura River basin in Venezuela, and known only from the holotype and one paratype. Its original description is very brief, lacking relevant information used by taxonomists today. Additionally, A. rozei appears to be similar to A. spurrelli, a species from northwestern Colombia and southern Panama. We present a redescription of A. rozei based on the examination of the type specimens and compare this taxon to the other known South American amphisbaenids, especially A. spurrelli. We conclude A. rozei is a valid name, and the species is diagnosed mainly by the presence of four precloacal pores, a lateral sulcus, 205–209 body annuli, 20 caudal annuli, 15–16 dorsal and 14 ventral segments on a midbody annulus, and dorsal surface of tail covered by strong tubercles.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Protected areas (PAs) are essential for biodiversity conservation, but their coverage is considered inefficient for the preservation of all species. Many species are subdivided into evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and the effectiveness of PAs in protecting them needs to be investigated. We evaluated the usefulness of the Brazilian PAs network in protecting ESUs of the critically endangered Pithecopus ayeaye through ongoing climate change. This species occurs in a threatened mountaintop ecosystem known as campos rupestres. We used multilocus DNA sequences to delimit geographic clusters, which were further validated as ESUs with a coalescent approach. Ecological niche modeling was used to estimate spatial changes in ESUs' potential distributions, and a gap analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brazilian PAs network to protect P. ayeaye in the face of climate changes. We tested the niche overlap between ESUs to gain insights for potential management alternatives for the species. Pithecopus ayeaye contains at least three ESUs isolated in distinct mountain regions, and one of them is not protected by any PA. There are no climatic niche differences between the units, and only 4% of the suitable potential area of the species is protected in present and future projections. The current PAs are not effective in preserving the intraspecific diversity of P. ayeaye in its present and future range distributions. The genetic structure of P. ayeaye could represent a typical pattern in campos rupestres endemics, which should be considered for evaluating its conservation status. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brasil Programa de Desarrollo Universitario Centro Universitario de Rivera Universidad de la República - UdelaR Rivera Uruguay Laboratório de Herpetologia Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Universidade Estadual Júlio Mesquita Filho - UNESP Rio Claro, São Paulo Brasil Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto Instituto de Geociências Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brasil Laboratório de Fauna e Unidades de Conservação Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Faculdade de Tecnologia Universidade de Brasília - UnB Brasília, Distrito Federal Brasil Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brasil Laboratório Sagarana Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV Florestal, Minas Gerais Brasil

Pithecopus megacephalus is a reticulated monkey–frog species endemic to the highlands of the Espinhaco Mountain Range in southeastern Brazil, an important centre of endemism in South America. This species has a discontinuous distribution and is considered “data-deficient” by the IUCN Red List, raising concerns about its conservation. Understanding the historical dynamics and connectivity of P. megacephalus populations can provide guidelines for preservation of this species in the wild. To investigate the population dynamics of P. megacephalus, we obtained multilocus DNA data for 55 individuals from different locations along the species’ known distribution. Spatial population structure, genetic diversity and demographic parameters were evaluated using population genetic and phylogeographical tools. We also evaluated its extent of occurrence and area of occupancy to investigate extinction risk of this species. We found genetic structure along P. megacephalus’ spatial distribution in the South Espinhaco Mountain Range corresponding to three population groups: northern, central and southern. Our results could provide important data on geographic distribution and population dynamics for a Data Deficient species. Therefore, we suggest these population data, together with the species’ limited occurrence in sky island environments could be used for a more accurate classification of P. megacephalus in the IUCN list, and conservation strategies for the species should be planned accordingly.

We describe the external larval morphology of the microendemic leptodactylid frog Crossodactylodes itambe from the ‘campo rupestre’ of the Espinhaco Mountain Range in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species identity of the only previously described Crossodactylodes tadpole cannot be confirmed, making this the first description of a tadpole of known taxonomic identity for the genus. The tadpole of C. itambe differs from the previously described Crossodactylodes tadpole in total length, origin of dorsal fin, development of tail musculature, spiracle position, absence of inner wall of spiracle and shape, and direction of vent tube. Characters such as narrow lateral gaps of marginal papillae and the distinct medial serration on the oral face of the upper jaw are proposed as putative synapomorphies for the genus. Tadpoles of C. itambe occur exclusively in the axils of the rupicolous bromeliad Vriesea medusa. Observation on the natural history, eggs, and larvae are also reported.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Universidade Estadual Paulista We describe a new species of Ischnocnema from the Serra da Bocaina mountain range, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, based on morphological, bioacoustic, and mtDNA data. The new species is retrieved with high support values within the I. lactea species series as the sister species of I. spanios. Ischnocnema bocaina sp. nov. is characterized by its medium size (18.6–19.0 mm), a smooth venter, a rounded snout in dorsal view and acuminate in lateral view, a slightly expanded subgular, single vocal sac, a round and whitish, poorly-developed glandular-appearing nuptial pad on the dorsal surface of the thumb, and a nonpulsed advertisement call with 9 to 18 notes. We raise to 38 the number of Ischnocnema species, the 12th described in the past 10 years. Instituto de Biociências UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Cx. Postal 199 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas UFMG – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Zoologia Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481 Instituto de Biociências UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Câmpus Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Cx. Postal 199

The genus Scinax currently includes more than 120 species, recovered in two major clades, the S. catharinae and the S. ruber clades. The latter comprises 75 species, most of which remain unassigned to any species groups, while 12 are included in the S. rostratus and S. uruguayus groups. In this paper we present a taxonomic review of the two species currently included in the S. uruguayus group, discussing some putative phenotypic synapomorphies of this group. Although S. pinima and S. uruguayus have been considered as distinct species, this has been based on scant evidence, and several authors doubted of their distinctiveness. Our study of available specimens of S. pinima and S. uruguayus corroborates that both are valid and diagnosable species based on phenotypic evidence. Furthermore, our results show that S. pinima previously known only from its type locality, has a much widespread distribution than previously thought (including the Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), which, added to the biological information presented here allows to suggest the removal of this species from the "Data Deficient" IUCN Red List category to "Least Concern". Also, we describe a new species formerly reported as S. aff. pinima and S. uruguayus from NE Argentina and some localities from the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. All species are diagnosed and characterized using adult and larval morphology, osteology, vocalizations, cytogenetics, and natural history.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:35:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-13 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Minas Gerais Research Foundation Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Grupo O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza Instituto Mater Natura de Estudos Ambientais Instituto Neotropical de Pesquisa e Conservacao Bioacoustics is a powerful tool used for anuran species diagnoses, given that advertisement calls are signals related to specific recognition and mate attraction. Thus, call descriptions can support species taxonomy. In spite of that, call descriptions are lacking for many species, delaying advances in biodiversity research. Here, we describe the advertisement calls of 20 anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We accessed 50 digital recordings deposited in the Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard. Acoustic analyses were carried out in the software Raven pro 1.5. We provide a general comparison of call structure among species inside taxonomic groups and genera. The vocalizations described here belong to poorly known species, which are representatives of six families: Brachycephalidae, Bufonidae, Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Hylidae, and Phyllomedusidae. Despite this, still there are 163 species of anurans from Atlantic Forest with calls not formally described. Our work represents an important step in providing data for a taxonomic perspective and improving the knowledge of the Atlantic Forest anuran diversity. Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Biol, Salvador, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Inst Ciencias Biol & Saude, Florestal, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Programa Posgrad Zool, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Biol Anim, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/21519-4 FAPESP: 2016/25358-3 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2014/50342-8 CNPq: 300896/2016-6 CNPq: 438675/2016-9 CNPq: 307091/2015-5 CNPq: 302518/2013-4 Minas Gerais Research Foundation: FAPEMIG-APQ-01796-15 FAPEMIG: RDP-00004-17 Grupo O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza: 085420101/A0001_2012

A new species of Paratelmatobius is described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. Adults, tadpoles, and vocalizations are described. Morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis place the new species within the P. cardosoi group. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by its advertisement call being composed of two note types and comprised of a series of 2–4 notes. The new species is classified as an explosive breeder, having reproductive activity strongly associated with heavy rainfall. This discovery highlights the importance of intensifying survey efforts in the Atlantic Forest, a domain with high levels of species richness and endemism.

We update the known geographic distribution of the snake species Trilepida jani , extending its northernmost record to Parque Estadual de Grao Mogol, state of Minas Gerais, 260 km from the closest record. We also correct literature records of Trilepida koppesi from the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais, re-identifying the specimens as T. salgueiroi . Finally, we present a list of leptotyphlopid specimens deposited at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

Helicops is a genus of Neotropical watersnakes containing 16 species. Based on morphological (scale counts, dentition, coloration, and hemipenis anatomy) and genetic data (16S rRNA and C-mos genes), we identify a new species of this genus. The new taxon is diagnosed by having 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows; 111–117 ventral plates; 41–56 subcaudals without keels; nasal entire; 18–21 + 2 maxillary teeth; hemipenis bilobed, semicalyculate, and semicapitate; dorsum uniformly medium brown or dark brown; venter cream or light brown with two medial rows of black markings, usually semilunar in shape. The new species occurs from southeastern to northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

Herein we provide novel data on the external morphological features and natural history of the tadpoles of Scinax canastrensis and Scinax carnevallii , two poorly known tree frog species occurring in southeastern Brazil. Both species share characteristics with all other species of the Scinax catharinae group, including oral discs not emarginated with the posterior margin concave when closed, many submarginal papillae laterally, circular nostrils, and vent tubes reaching the ventral fin margin. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics applied to 16 species of the S. catharinae group indicate that their tadpoles have substantial variation in body shape, yet with some overlap among species. Although the lentic/lotic habitat categorization was not sufficient for explaining the complex patterns of morphospace occupancy by tadpoles of S. catharinae group, some well-established ecomorphological relationships were recovered, such as that for suctorial and pond-type guilds. Moreover, the morphological diversity in shape may also reflect interspecific variation in microhabitat use, other contemporary factors (e.g., other abiotic habitat components and/or biological interactions) and evolutionary relationships.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:03:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Crossodactylodes is a poorly known genus of small-sized bromeligenous frogs, endemic to Brazil. They have a patchy distribution across the mountains of the Atlantic Forest and the campo rupestre ecosystem. To better resolve their evolutionary relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses using a multigene DNA matrix and representative sampling within the genus. We then evaluated the evolution of phenotypical and natural history traits with the inferred phylogeny. We recovered Crossodactylodes as monophyletic, diagnosed by seven putative synapomorphies in morphological and natural history characters. Evidence supports some morphological synapomorphies as adaptations to the bromeligenous habit. We found high genetic distances among closely distributed lineages within C. bokermanni and C. izecksohni. Some of these lineages might represent undescribed cryptic species. We provide detailed accounts for each species including data on their geographic range, conservation, and natural history. All species of Crossodactylodes occur in highly threatened environments, are restricted to very small geographic ranges, and probably have limited dispersal capacity due to their small body size and dependence on bromeliads. These factors emphasize the need for habitat protection to safeguard species viability. Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Caixa Postal 199 Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei Projeto Bromeligenous Instituto Marcos Daniel Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Do Estado de Mato Grosso Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Sagarana Lab Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Florestal Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Caixa Postal 199 Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Caixa Postal 199 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Caixa Postal 199

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-02-21 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Zoologia da UFMG Investissement d'Avenir grant by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Taxonomists always have had intense discussions about how species should be delimited and recently many studies have used integrative approaches by combining molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Although these studies are paramount for understanding species diversity, few of them actually formalize species delimitations to the final step of nomenclatural acts. Historically, the Neotropical frog genus Adenomera has been considered as a difficult taxonomic group because it comprises many morphologically similar species exhibiting high levels of intraspecific polymorphism. A recent work using molecular data shed light on the phylogenetic relationships within the genus and identified several lineages that may correspond to undescribed species but did not delimit species boundaries. In the Atlantic Forest, a clade formed by A. marmorata and two putative species (Adenomera sp. J and Adenomera sp. K) were identified. In this paper, we combine morphological, acoustic, and molecular data in order to evaluate species limits within this Atlantic Forest Adenomera clade. We provide a redescription of A. marmorata and restrict its type locality to the Tijuca Massif, in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our results do not support A. marmorata and the two candidate species as diagnosable distinct species. Therefore A. marmorata corresponds to a species with pronounced morphological and acoustic variation in the genus and a complex phylogeographic structure. Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNRS UPS IRD, UMR5174, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, Batiment, France Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2010/51606-8 FAPESP: 2019/04076-8 FAPESP: 2012/15763-7 FAPESP: 2015/13404-8 FAPESP: 2017/08489-0 Investissement d'Avenir grant by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA): ANR-10-LABX-25-01

The advertisement calls are known for only eight species within the genus Brachycephalus. Herein, we describe the advertisement calls of B. olivaceus and B. quiririensis, both species from southern Atlantic Forest, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The advertisement calls of these species are similar, composed by one short and high-frequency note. The parameters range overlap between calls, as exemplified by the dominant frequency of 6.4–7.0 kHz in B. olivaceus and 6.2–6.5 kHz in B. quiririensis. Additionally, we provide a compilation of the available bioacoustic information for this genus.

We describe a new species of Brachycephalus from municipality of São Francisco do Sul and municipality of Itapoá, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, southern Atlantic Forest. The new species is known from six localities from near sea level up to 250 meters and represents the first record of a “pumpkin-toadlet” occurring in the lowlands. Morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment the 16S mtDNA gene place the new species in the Brachycephalus pernix group. The new species is supported by external morphology, osteology, advertisement call, and mtDNA divergence. It is characterized, among other traits by a dorsal body color dark green with a dark brown vertebral stripe, and an orange background; snout-vent length of 9.2–10.8 mm in males and 11.1–12.4 mm in females; and advertisement call short (0.02–0.03 seconds), composed of one high-frequency note (dominant frequency 6.6–7.3 kHz). We observed synchronized alternation in the emission of vocalizations among neighbor males, indicating that males of the new species are able to hear and use vocalizations to interact with each other. We provide descriptions of clutch, eggs, and juvenile and observations on parental care. The new species has not been recorded within any protected area and can be threatened by human-induced habitat loss and modification.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (Fapemig) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conservation International [CP-FY 08/018] We describe a new species of Boana endemic to the Araguaia-Tocantins Basin in the center of the Brazilian Cerrado that was previously confused with species of the B. pulchella group. The new species is tentatively included in the B. albopunctata group on the basis of morphological and bioacoustics traits. The new species is characterized by a rounded head in dorsal view, dorsal color pattern consisting of three longitudinal beige stripes separated by two dark-brown stripes, posterior surfaces of thighs purple with dark-brown spots, and absence of a calcar appendage. Males have a pulsed advertisement call, with the end of the first note possessing an uncountable number of pulses. The new species differs from species of the B. pulchella group by the presence of a slip of the m. depressor mandibulae of scapular origin, presence of anterolateral processes of the hyoid, and curved dentigerous processes of vomers. [Pinheiro, Paulo D. P.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Lab Herpetol, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil [Cintra, Carlos E. D.; Silva, Helder L. R.; da Silva, Nelson Jorge, Jr.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Goias, Ctr Estudos & Pesquisas Biol, Ave Univ 1440, BR-74605010 Goiania, Go, Brazil [Valdujo, Paula H.] WWF Brasil, Programa Ciencias, SGCV Lote 15 Sala 421, BR-71620430 Brasilia, DF, Brazil [Martins, Itamar A.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Inst Basico Biociencias, Lab Zool, Ave Tiradentes 500, BR-12030180 Taubate, SP, Brazil [da Silva, Nelson Jorge, Jr.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Goias, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Ambientais & Saude, Rua 232 128,3 Andar,Area 5, BR-74605140 Goiania, Go, Brazil [Garcia, Paulo C. A.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Lab Herpetol, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Fil: Carvalho Rocha, Pedro. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Zoologia. Laboratório de Herpetologia; Brasil. Fil: Ferraz de Sena, Letícia Moreira. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Biología General; Brasil. Fil: Pezzuti, Tiago Leite. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Zoologia. Laboratório de Herpetologia; Brasil. Fil: Pezzuti, Tiago Leite. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Pos-graduación en Zoología; Brasil. Fil: Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Pos-graduación en Zoología; Brasil. Fil: Leite, Felipe Sá Fortes. Universidad Federal de Viçosa. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Pos-graduación e Conservación y Manejo de Ecosistemas Naturales y Agrarios. Laboratorio Sagarana; Brasil. Fil: Svartman, Marta. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Biología General; Brasil. Fil: Svartman, Marta. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Pos-graduación en Zoología; Brasil. Fil: Rosset, Sergio Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología Vertebrados. Sección Herpetología; Argentina. Fil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico (Nordeste). Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina. Fil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Química y Naturales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina. Fil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Química y Naturales. Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva; Argentina. Fil: De Anchietta Garcia, Paulo Christiano. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Zoologia. Laboratório de Herpetologia; Brasil. Fil: De Anchietta Garcia, Paulo Christiano. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Pos-graduación en Zoología; Brasil. The Odontophrynus americanus species group is a complex of diploid and tetraploid species hardly distinguished by morphological characters. It currently consists of three allopatric diploid species (i.e. O. cordobae, O. lavillai, and O. maisuma) and one widely distributed tetraploid species (i.e. O. americanus). We herein describe a new diploid allopatric species from campo rupestre, a typical phytophysiognomy of the Espinhaço Range, Brazil. The new species is distinguishable by the diploid complement of 2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes, small to medium-sized dorsal dark brown blotches with low contrast on a light brown background, light mid-dorsal stripe absent or greatly interrupted in most specimens with yellowish coloration as the background of both head and flanks of the body, advertisement call with dominant frequency of 840?1080 Hz, pulse rate of 90.5?106.7 pulses/s, and small tadpoles (TL = 24.30?35.69 mm).

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n2p97 A Mata Atlântica é uma área prioritária para a conservação de anfíbios, com algumas regiões que ainda apresentam lacunas de conhecimento. Analisamos a composição e riqueza das espécies de anuros em área de floresta ombrófila densa da Serra do Tabuleiro, a variação sazonal da riqueza e a atividade diária dos machos em turnos de vocalização. Amostramos os anuros em duas lagoas permanentes e em uma trilha no interior da floresta durante 14 meses. Registramos 32 espécies de anuros, das quais Aplastodiscus cochranae, A. ehrhardti e Hypsiboas poaju estão na lista de espécies ameaçadas do estado. O maior número de espécies esteve associado à primavera e ao verão. As espécies de anuros mais frequentes foram H. bischoffi, Adenomera araucaria e Physalaemus nanus, registradas durante todo o período estudado. A atividade diária dos machos esteve concentrada entre 20:00 e 24:00, mas algumas espécies continuaram vocalizando durante a madrugada, indicando que a atividade vocal pode diferir entre as espécies submetidas às mesmas condições climáticas. A diversidade de anuros registrada em nosso estudo foi alta, incluindo espécies ameaçadas e espécies com pouco conhecimento biológico, reforçando a relevância da Serra do Tabuleiro como área prioritária para a conservação da Mata Atlântica.

We present new records of Amphisbaena metallurga (the first outside the type locality) and A. sanctaeritae (previously known only for the holotype), extending their known geographic ranges and improving their morphological descriptions. Additionally, we report for the first time the presence of A. hiata in Brazil. These new findings give continuity to a series of recent advances in the knowledge on biodiversity of Brazilian amphisbaenians. The new specimens are housed in regional collections, reinforcing the importance of such institutions for science.

Herein we provide new records of the leaf litter frogs Ischnocnema verrucosa and I. surda for the state of Minas Gerais, Southeast of Brazil. Our records fill the current gap in the geographic distribution of I. verrucosa in the east of Minas Gerais, and extend the distribution of I. surda in about 117 km straight southeast of its type locality. We also provide discussions regarding diagnose characters of I. surda.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA Museu Nacl Hist Nat & Ciencia, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Brasilia, Dept Zool, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA Sorbonne Univ, Museum Natl Hist Nat, ISYEB, Paris, France Univ Nacl Tucuman, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil Upper Austrian Museum, Ctr Biol, Linz, Austria Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA Univ Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Plazi, Bern, Switzerland Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil Zool Forsch Museum A Koenig, Bonn, Germany Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg, Russia Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Museo Reg Sci Nat, Turin, Italy Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Royal Museum Cent Africa, Tervuren, Belgium Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, Innsbruck, Austria Hasselt Univ, Hasselt, Belgium Univ Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Univ Nacl Misiones, Felix De Azara, Argentina Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa Natl Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa Senckenberg Nat Hist Sammlungen, Dresden, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA Landesmuseum, Leonding, Austria Univ Camerino, Camerino, Italy Univ Fed ABC, Sao Bernardo, Brazil Univ Estadual Londrina, Museu Zool, Londrina, Parana, Brazil Senckenberg Res Inst, Frankfurt, Germany Museo Civ Storia Nat, Carmagnola, Italy Polskiej Akad Nauk, Muzeum & Inst Zool, Warsaw, Poland Museo Civ Storia Nat, Genoa, Italy Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg, Russia Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Vicente, Brazil Sorbonne Univ, ISYEB, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France Port Elizabeth Museum, Port Elizabeth, South Africa Sam Noble Museum, Norman, OK USA Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA North West Univ, Potchefstroom, South Africa Museu Nacl, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Nat Hist Museum, Basel, Switzerland Senckenberg Nat Kundemuseum, Gorlitz, Germany North Carolina Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC USA Univ Rennes 1, Rennes, France Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA Univ Huddersfield, Huddersfield, W Yorkshire, England North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND USA Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Fac Sci Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia DPTC PC, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA Zool Survey India, Kolkata, India Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN USA Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Univ Luterana Brasil, Museu Ciencias Nat, Canoas, Brazil Univ Firenze, Florence, Italy Univ Ovidius Constanta, Constanta, Romania Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS USA Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Brussels, Belgium Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Univ Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil CIBIO Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Vairao, Portugal Museum Hist Nat, Geneva, Switzerland Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil Univ Austral Chile, Valdivia, Chile Univ Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland Sam Houston State Univ, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Madrid, Spain Sorbonne Univ, CR2P, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France Drexel Univ, Acad Nat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA Ctr Pesquisas Cacau, Itabuna, Brazil Univ Torino, Turin, Italy Soc Hist Nat Alcide dOrbigny, Aubiere, France Wolfden Sci Consulting, Murcia, Spain Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Macae, Brazil Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA Inst Humboldt, Villa De Leyva, Colombia Escuela Politec Nacl, Quito, Ecuador Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA Museum Dept Hist Nat Var, Toulon, France Nat Environm & Wildlife Soc, Angul, India Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Fed Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Nat Hist Museum Narodini Museum, Prague, Czech Republic Nat Hist Museum Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Ateneo Manila Univ, Quezon City, Philippines Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia RACINE, St Maugan, France Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ Paris, ISYEB, Paris, France Ocean Univ China, Qingdao, Peoples R China Museo Nacl Hist Nat Paraguay, San Lorenzo, Paraguay Univ Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bengaluru, India Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA CENAK Ctr Nat Kunde, Hamburg, Germany Ohio Hist Connect, Columbus, OH USA Univ Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Univ Malaga, Malaga, Spain Chinese Acad Sci, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico Natl Polytech Inst, Ctr Res & Adv Studies, Irapuato, Mexico Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA Univ Fed Lavras, Lavras, Brazil Nat Hist Museum, Vienna, Austria La Sierra Univ, Riverside, CA USA Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA CAS, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Brno, Czech Republic Sorbonne Univ, MECADEV, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil Zool Staatssammlung Munchen, Munich, Germany Univ Michigan, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Leipzig, Germany Santa Rosa Jr Coll, Santa Rosa, CA USA George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA Inst Teknol Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia Earlham Coll, Richmond, IN USA Senckenberg Forschungsinst & Nat Museum, Frankfurt, Germany Univ Estadual Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil Univ Koblenz Landau, Koblenz, Germany Nat Hist Museum, London, England Ditsong Natl Museum Nat Hist, Pretoria, South Africa Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay, Maharashtra, India Philipps Univ Marburg, Marburg, Germany Hess Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Germany Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA Univ Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary Staatliches Museum Nat Kunde, Stuttgart, Germany UFT, Tocantins, Portugal Museum Nat Kunde, Berlin, Germany Nat Hist Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden Hikarigaoka, Munakata, Japan Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Tartu, Estonia Univ Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela Bat Jungle, Monteverde, Costa Rica Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Montevideo, Uruguay Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Fdn Miguel Lillo, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina Roger Tory Peterson Inst Nat Hist, Jamestown, VA USA Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, Cruz Das Almas, Brazil South China Normal Univ, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China Museu Ciencias Tecnol PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Tocantins, Porto Nacl, Brazil Univ Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, Colombia Natl Museum Philippines, Manila, Philippines NOVA Univ Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, SK, Canada Deutsch Zentrum Marine Biodiversitatsforsch, Hamburg, Germany Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico Naturalis Biodivers Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Douala, Douala, Cameroon Vet & Farmaceut Univ Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Univ Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Eswatini Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Claude Bernard, Lyon, France Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA USA Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Chiba, Japan Senckenberg Biodiversitat & Klima Forschunsgzentr, Frankfurt, Germany Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA Univ Firenze, Museo Storia Nat, Florence, Italy Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil Fed Univ ABC, Sao Bernardo, Brazil Univ Fed Goias, Goiania, Go, Brazil Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK USA Egerton Univ, Egerton, Kenya Museo Hist Nat, Lima, Peru IKIAM Univ Reg Amazon, Tena, Ecuador Univ Hyogo, Sanda, Japan Inst Rech Dev, Paris, France Univ Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil Niedersachs Landesbetrieb Wasserwirtschaft Kusten, Hannover, Germany Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Puerto Madryn, Argentina Roosevelt Univ, Coll Profess Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA Western Kentucky Univ, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy Univ Fed Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Inst Bio & Geociencias Noroeste Argentino, Salta, Argentina Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela Umweltbundesamt, Vienna, Austria Penclen, Plumelec, France CNRS MNHN UPMC, Ctr Rech Paleobiodivers & Paleoenvironm, Paris, France Staatl Museum Nat Kunde, Stuttgart, Germany Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivada, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Ctr Biol Gest Populat INRA, Montferrier Sur Lez, France Loyola Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Durban Museum Nat Sci, Durban, South Africa Univ Estado Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA Museo Hist Nat La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela Univ Vet Med Hannover, Hannover, Germany Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA Francis Marion Univ, Florence, SC USA Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA Fed Univ ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Fed Univ Para, Belem, Para, Brazil Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven, CT USA Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA Senckenberg Deutsch Entomol Inst, Muncheberg, Germany CSIRO, Natl Res Collect, Canberra, ACT, Australia Univ Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa Univ Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea Univ Estadual Sao Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Senckenberg Forsch Inst & Nat Museum, Frankfurt, Germany Ocean Univ China, Inst Marine Biodivers & Evolut, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China Univ Fed Para, Altamira, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, Brazil UPMC, Ctr Rech Paleobiodiversite & Paleoenvironm, CNRS, MNHN, Paris, France Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Charles Univ Prague, Dept Zool, Prague, Czech Republic Univ Nacl Expt los Llanos Occident Ezequiel Zamor, Guanare, Venezuela Long Isl Univ, Brooklyn, NY USA Univ Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Museo Zool, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Quito, Ecuador Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA USA IRD, Dakar, Senegal State Museum Nat Hist Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium Univ Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad, India Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil Yale Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT USA Univ Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria Bethune Cookman Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Tokyo, Japan Zool Garten Koln, Cologne, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Vicente, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, Brazil

Teiidae and Gymnophthalmidae are lizard families endemic to the Neotropical region (VittCaldwell 2014), with about 150 and 245 valid living species, respectively (UetzHošek 2015). Extinct teiid taxa are known from the Cretaceous to the Holocene (Albino 2005; Estes 1983b; SullivanEstes 1997). The authorship of Teiidae is undoubtedly attributed to Gray (1827) (ICZN 1985), but there is some confusion in literature regarding its subfamilies Teiinae and Tupinambinae. The same is true for Gymnophthalmidae. We investigated those issues through a literature review, found the source of mistakes and suggest what we consider be the correct authorship and dates for those family-group names.

We describe a new species of the Bokermannohyla pseudopseudis group from Chapada Diamantina, Espinhaco Range, central Bahia, northeastern Brazil. It is characterized by the following combination of traits: male snout–vent length (SVL) 60.0 ± 3.3 (51.9–65.3 mm, n = 14); female SVL (60.2–61.6 mm, n = 2); short snout, rounded in dorsal view, rounded to truncate in lateral view; head 1.07 ± 0.04 (1.01–1.14 mm, n = 14) times wider than long; tympanum diameter 0.07 ± 0.01 (0.06–0.08 mm, n = 14) times SVL; macroscopically evident glandular tissue irregularly distributed on the mental area; hypertrophied forearm; well-developed prepollex; nuptial pad between the distal free section of the prepollex and the base of finger I; dorsum light gray to light brown (background) with irregular-shaped brown marbled blotches (without a central light spot) formed by small dark brown dots; in life, small yellow dots on upper and lower lips, eyelids, loreal and gular regions, supratympanic fold, fingers, arms, forearms...

Herein we describe the tadpole and vocalizations of H. polytaenius (Cope, 1870) from populations of the Quadrilataro Ferrifero highlands, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and compare them with other species of the H. polytaenius clade and closely related species in the H. pulchellus group. The tadpoles differ from those of other species of the H. polytaenius clade by the shape of the body and snout in dorsal view, the degree of attachment of the spiracle inner wall to the body, and the tooth row formula 2(1,2)/3(1). The major differences from the closely related species in the H. pulchellus group refer to oral disc characteristics. Two types of calls were identified for H. polytaenius: one composed by one pulsed note and the other composed by isolated notes. Nevertheless, a call composed by two pulsed notes, possibly a territorial call, was recorded once. Comparisons of our results with those previously published for H. polytaenius from Estacao Biologica da Boraceia, state of Sao Paul...

We report new records for the poorly known species Hylodes babax (fourth record), Dendropsophus ruschii (fourth record) and Bokermannohyla ibitipoca (fifth record), from an Atlantic Forest fragment in the eastern region of the Mantiqueira mountain range in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Male-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD), or a lack of SSD, in amphibians may be related to the territoriality. Male-biased SSD is quite abundant among the species of the Neotropical hylid genus Bokermannohyla. However, direct observations of territorial behaviour such as combat, suggestive of the presence of a male-biased SSD, are rare. We evaluated SSD in B. martinsi and provided a field record of a male–male combat event. We found males to have significantly wider forearm and longer tibia than females. It appears that male forearm hypertrophy is related to territoriality, but we cannot reject the possibility that it is an adaptation to breeding in lotic habitats. Finally, we emphasize the importance of direct natural history observations for understanding patterns of SSD among anurans in particular and amphibians in general.

Anew species of Paratelmatobius is described from Parque das Neblinas at Serra do Mar in Bertioga Municipality, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The new species, included in the P. cardosoi species group, is diagnosed by its larger size among the species of the group; tympanum visible externally; vocal slits present in males; presence of tubercles on the upper eyelid; well developed tubercle at base of mandible; dorsolateral fold developed; large black spinous nuptial pad on thumb in males; first finger longer than second; belly, ventral surface of arm and forearm, and external margin of throat blotched with orange-reddish spots.

A new species of Trachycephalus is described for the Cerrado biome of Goiás, Brazil. Trachycephalus mambaiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the other ten species of the genus by the skin co-ossified with the skull, heavy cranial ossification, frontoparietal that fails to articulate with squamosal, absence of a crista occipitalis and secreting glands of milky and viscous substances. The skull of the new species shows an intermediary condition between species of Trachycephalus with a well ossified skull (Casque-headed frogs) and those without cranial ossification.