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Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas frequently involve many structures in the abdomen and pelvis. Extranodal disease is more common with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma than with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Though it may be part of a systemic lymphoma, single onset of nodal lymphoma is not rare. Extranodal lymphoma has been described in virtually every organ and tissue. In decreasing order of frequency, the spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, abdominal wall, genitourinary tract, adrenal, peritoneal cavity, and biliary tract are involved. The purpose of this review is to discuss and illustrate the spectrum of appearances of nodal and extranodal lymphomas, including AIDS-related lymphomas, in the abdominopelvic region using a multimodality approach, especially cross-sectional imaging techniques. The most common radiologic patterns of involvement are illustrated. Familiarity with the imaging manifestations that are diagnostically specific for lymphoma is important because imaging plays an important role in the noninvasive management of disease.

The purpose of this study was to describe the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in young patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni without overt neurologic manifestations. This study included 34 young persons (age range = 9–25 years) with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni who had been previously treated. Patients were scanned on a 1.5-T system that included multiplanar pre-contrast and post-contrast sequences, and reports were completed by two radiologists after a consensus review. Twenty (58.8%) patients had MRI signal changes that were believed to be related to schistosomiasis mansoni. Twelve of the 20 patients had small focal hyperintensities on T2WI in the cerebral white matter, and eight patients had symmetric hyperintense basal ganglia on T1WI. There was a high frequency of brain MRI signal abnormalities in this series. Although not specific, these findings may be related to schistosomiasis.

The educational objectives of this self-assessment module are for the participants to exercise, self-assess, and improve their understanding of the most important features of gossypibomas and the role of imaging in the diagnosis of these masses.

Objective Textiloma and gossypiboma are terms used to describe a mass of cotton matrix that is left behind in a body cavity during an operation. This is an uncommon surgical complication. Gossypibomas are most frequently discovered in the abdomen. Such foreign bodies can often mimic tumors or abscesses clinically or radiologically; however, they are rarely reported because of the medicolegal implications. The manifestations and complications of gossypibomas are so variable that diagnosis is difficult and patient morbidity is significant. Conclusion This article discusses the clinical manifestations, pathophysiologic aspects, and most important complications related to gossypibomas; presents the classic imaging features of gossypibomas using a multitechnique approach; and shows some of the typical and atypical sites of gossypibomas.

Hydrometrocolpos is a rare congenital disorder consisting of cystic dilation of the vagina and uterus and accumulation of mucus secretions resulting from genital tract obstruction.1 The obstruction can be produced by imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal membrane, or some degree of vaginal atresia.2 Excessive intrauterine stimulation of the cervical mucus glands by circulating maternal estrogens produces the accumulated fluid.1,3 This was first described by Godfroy in 1856.1,4,5 Only sporadic cases were reported until 1940, when Mahoney and Chamberlain presented their definitive descriptions of the condition. Since then 200 cases have been presented or reviewed in the literature.1,5 Hydrocolpos or hydrometrocolpos commonly first appears either in the neonatal period or at menarche.5 This report describes the antenatal sonographic detection of a cystic pelvic mass subsequently proved to be hydrocolpos in a fetus with ambiguous genitalia and uterovaginal duplication. Few reports on the prenatal diagnosis of hydrometrocolpos by ultrasonography have been published. Davis and coworkers were the first to describe the antenatal sonographic diagnosis of hydrometrocolpos caused by an imperforate hymen.5 Hill and Hirsch reported an additional case of fetal hydrocolpos,3 also caused by imperforate hymen, detected by sonography,1 and Russ and colleagues described a case of hydrometrocolpos occurring with uterus didelphys and septate vagina detected in utero.4 Our case is notable for the association of fetal ascites and uterovaginal duplication in a patient with persistent urogenital sinus.