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ABSTRACT Background Aim Methods Key Results Conclusions and Inferences Intestinal ischemia affects the functioning of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Pannexin‐1 channel participates in cell communication and extracellular signaling. Probenecid (PB) is a pannexin‐1 channel inhibitor, which can be a potential treatment for intestinal ischemia.Study the effects of ileal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and PB treatment on myenteric neurons and in rats.Male Wistar rats were used for I/R induction, the ileal vessels were occluded for 45 min and reperfusion was performed after this time. The Sham groups underwent all surgical procedures without obstruction of the ileal vessels. Animals were euthanized 24 h or 14d post‐I/R. The PB group received an injection of PB post‐I/R. Ileal segments were collected for immunofluorescence analyses to identify neurons calretinin immunoreactive (−ir) and pannexin‐1‐ir. Neuronal density (cells/field), area (μm2), intestinal motility, and ultrastructural analyses were performed.The pannexin‐1 channel was double‐labeled with calretinin‐ir neurons. Neuronal density reduced by 21% reduction in calretinin‐ir neurons in the I/R 24 h group and recovered 26% in the PB 24 h group. In the 14d group, there was a 23% reduction in calretinin‐ir neurons in the I/R 14d group and a recovery of 26% in the PB 14d group. The analysis of the contraction after electrical simulation was lower in the I/R 14 d group and recovered in the PB 14d.Intestinal I/R affects myenteric neurons and causes morphological and functional changes. PB was able to attenuate the effects of I/R and could constitute a therapeutic tool for intestinal I/R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional structure present in all tissues that is essential for the intestinal maintenance, function and structure, as well as for providing physical support for tissue integrity and elasticity. ECM enables the regulation of various processes involved in tissue homeostasis, being vital for healing, growth, migration and cell differentiation. Structurally, ECM is composed of water, polysaccharides and proteins, such as collagen fibers and proteoglycans, which are specifically arranged for each tissue. In pathological scenarios, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the deposition and remodeling of the ECM can be altered in relation to the homeostatic composition. IBD, such as Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, can be differentiated according to ECM alterations, such as circulating levels of collagen, laminin and vimentin neoepitopes. In this context, ECM presents particularities in both physiological and pathological processes, however, exploring methods of tissue decellularization is emerging as a promising frontier for new therapeutic interventions and clinical protocols, promoting the development of new approaches to intestinal diseases., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)