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Antecedentes: La histerectomía es la cirugía ginecológica mundialmente más frecuente. Pocas series analizan la distribución de los hallazgos patológicos en histerectomizadas. Objetivos: Describir la distribución de la patología uterina originada en el endometrio, miometrio y estroma, en histerectomías efectuadas en un centro universitario. Determinar la frecuencia en que coexisten patologías, particularmente cáncer incidental en histerectomías por condiciones presuntamente benignas. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todas las histerectomías efectuadas entre los años 1991 y 2005. Análisis descriptivo de la distribución de las enfermedades benignas y malignas originadas en el cuerpo uterino. Resultados: Se realizaron 5683 histerectomías. En 4275 úteros se diagnosticaron lesiones de origen no epitelial, principalmente leiomio-mas uterinos y adenomiosis. En las 2070 piezas con lesiones epiteliales (endometrio) los hallazgos más prevalentes fueron atrofia, pólipo endometrial e hiperplasia glandular del endometrio. Hubo coexistencia de patología miometrial y endometrial en 905 piezas quirúrgicas. En 240 casos no hubo lesiones en la biopsia (4,2%). En el 1% de las histerectomías se encontró como hallazgo un cáncer ginecológico, siendo los dos diagnósticos más frecuentes asociados con esta situación, la metrorragia disfuncional perimenopáusica y el pólipo endometrial. Conclusiones: La distribución de los diagnósticos de la patología uterina es similar a la descrita por series internacionales. El hallazgo más común es el leiomioma uterino, frecuentemente asociado con adenomiosis. Se destaca el hallazgo incidental de cáncer de endometrio en histerectomizadas por metrorragia y/o pólipo endometrial; esto nos hace recomendar el uso rutinario del estudio biópsico preoperatorio en pacientes con metrorragia y de la biopsia contemporánea en casos de pólipo endometrial. Background: Hysterectomy is the most frequently performed gynecologic procedure worldwide. Few studies have been done to analysis the distribution of pathological findings in hysterectomies. Objectives: To determine the distribution of epithelial and non-epithelial pathology in patients undergoing hysterectomy for uterine disease in an academic centre. To establish what is the percentage and the etiology of concurrent pathologies and the incidence of unexpected cancer within patients undergoing surgery for a presumably benign condition. Methods: A retrospective study was done of all the patients undergoing hysterectomy between 1991 and 2005. In addition a descriptive analysis of the distribution of benign and malignant conditions originated in the uterine corpus was done highlighting the occurrence of incidental cancer among different preoperative diagnosis. Results: During the period, 5683 hysterectomies were performed. In 4275 cases a non-epithelial pathology was found, mainly, fibroids and adenomyosis. In 2070 cases endometrial pathology was diagnosed: atrophy, polyps and hyperplasia as the most prevalent findings. In 905 cases myometrial and endometrial pathology of uterine corpus coexists. In 240 cases any pathology was found (4.2%). In 1% of hysterectomies an incidental gynecological cancer was found, and the two conditions more frequently associated were metrorrhagia and polyps. Conclusions: The distribution of etiologies for the uterine pathology, is similar to other international series. The most common finding is fibroid frequently associated to adenomyosis. It is important to highlight the incidental finding of endometrial cancer among patients operated on by metrorrhagia and/or polyps. Based on this, we recommend the routine use of preoperative biopsy in patients with metrorrhagia and frozen section biopsy in those with polyps.

Listeria monocytogenes is Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen often foodborne and found elsewhere. It is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. However, it is an important cause of severe infection in neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunosuppressed patients. Listeriosis has unique preference for pregnant women. Maternal listeriosis is a diagnostic challenge, and intrauterine infection can lead to severe complications such as amnionitis, preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal sepsis. From 2001 to 2005, 16 patients with L. monocytogenes were identified in this hospital; four (25%) were pregnant women. Clinical and laboratory findings are described. There were 3 preterm deliveries and 1 spontaneous second trimester abortion. Three women with listeriosis had no predisposing factors other than pregnancy. One patient was on immunosupressive drugs for ulcerative colitis. Fever was the most common symptom. Infected neonates were most commonly diagnosed with early-onset listeriosis (two cases) or fetal demise (one case). Pregnancy can be the only risk factor for listeriosis. Listeriosis should be considered during the evaluation of febrile syndrome in pregnancy as this condition can be the only risk factor. Blood and amniotic fluid cultures are useful diagnostic tests. Perinatal complications remains high.

Listeria monocytogenes is Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen often foodborne and found elsewhere. It is an uncommon cause of illness in the general population. However, it is an important cause of severe infection in neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunosuppressed patients. Listeriosis has unique preference for pregnant women. Maternal listeriosis is a diagnostic challenge, and intrauterine infection can lead to severe complications such as amnionitis, preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal sepsis. From 2001 to 2005, 16 patients with L. monocytogenes were identified in this hospital; four (25%) were pregnant women. Clinical and laboratory findings are described. There were 3 preterm deliveries and 1 spontaneous second trimester abortion. Three women with listeriosis had no predisposing factors other than pregnancy. One patient was on immunosupressive drugs for ulcerative colitis. Fever was the most common symptom. Infected neonates were most commonly diagnosed with early-onset listeriosis (two cases) or fetal demise (one case). Pregnancy can be the only risk factor for listeriosis. Listeriosis should be considered during the evaluation of febrile syndrome in pregnancy as this condition can be the only risk factor. Blood and amniotic fluid cultures are useful diagnostic tests. Perinatal complications remains high.

Objetivos: Definir los criterios de selección para la vía de abordaje por laparotomía versus laparoscopia. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de los casos de teratoma maduro manejados entre los años 1991 y 2003. Resultados: Los teratomas maduros corresponden al 14% de los tumores ováricos. La edad de presentación correspondió mayoritariamente a mujeres en edad reproductiva (67%). Trece casos se presentaron en embarazadas, 11 durante la cesárea. La presentación más frecuente fue como hallazgo clínico o a la ultra-sonografía pelviana durante el estudio por otra patología. En la mitad de los casos el abordaje fue por vía la-paroscópica (LPX). En tumores mayores de 9 cm, se privilegió la laparotomía (LPE) (p

Las coagulopatías hereditarias que afectan a mujeres jóvenes, representan un problema durante el embarazo, debido a que conllevan un aumento significativo en el riesgo de hemorragia durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Las alteraciones más frecuentes corresponden a la enfermedad de von Willebrand (1 a 2% de la población) y la hemofilia A (1/10.000 personas). Presentamos el caso clínico de una embarazada con antecedentes familiares de hemofilia A que controló su embarazo en nuestro centro; además entregamos una revisión sobre el tema coagulopatías hereditarias y embarazo Patients with hereditary coagulopathies are at increased risk of bleeding during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. The most frequent are the von Willebrand disease (1-2% of population) and type A hemophilia (1/10.000 people). Here is presented a clinical case of pregnancy and type A hemophilia, with a review about pregnancy and hereditary coagulopathies

Se analiza retrospectivamente la experiencia de los últimos 13 años en el manejo de la patología anexial quirúrgica en niñas y adolescentes menores de 19 años. Se revisa la forma de presentación clínica y los hallazgos anatopatológicos de 106 pacientes. Del total de lesiones anexiales, un 62% correspondieron a lesiones neoplásicas benignas y malignas, la mayoría de ellas originadas en el ovario. El riesgo de malignidad para las lesiones neoplásicas fue de un 26,7%. La neoplasia ovárica benigna más frecuente fue el teratoma maduro (31,1%). Las neoplasias malignas más frecuentes fueron las originadas en el estroma gonadal específico y en el tejido germinal (en conjunto 37,5% del total de neoplasias malignas). La forma de presentación clínica más frecuente fue el dolor abdominal habitualmente como manifestación de complicación de una neoplasia benigna. La vía de abordaje más frecuente fue por laparotomía y se privilegió la cirugía conservadora para preservar el potencial reproductivo A retrospective analysis of a thirteen years experience in the surgical management of adnexal mass in girls and teenagers younger than 19 years old was done. We reviewed the clinical course and pathological findings of 106 patients. A 62% of adnexal masses were due to neoplasic formation, the majority of them originated in the ovary. Among the neoplasic lesions, the risk of malignacy was 26.7%. The most frequent benign ovarian neoplasia was the mature teratoma (31.1%). The two more frequent malignant neoplasias were those originated at the specific gonadal stroma and at germinal tissues (together representing 37.5% of malignant tumors). The most frequent symptom of clinical presentation was abdominal pain, as manifestation of a complicated benign neoplasic lesion. The most frequently used surgical approach was laparotomy. The main goal was privileging conservative management to preserve the reproductive potential

Background: The World Health Organization recently defined the criteria for constructing birth weight curves using population based data. Aim: To construct a national curve of weight, size and ponderal index at birth for Chile, following the criteria suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) expert committee report from 1995. Material and methods: A national database from the Chilean Institute for Statistics was used. All alive singleton deliveries during the period from 1993 to 2000 were included. A birth weight curve for the total population as well as for size and ponderal index at birth was construted, including percentile distribution, mean and standard deviation of values for gestational age. Stratification by sex was performed. Results: A total of 2,049,446 singleton deliveries were analyzed. The 10 percentiles (raw data) for birth weight throughout gestation from 22 to 42 weeks were: 470, 520, 560, 630, 660, 749, 810, 926, 1,031, 1,160, 1,320, 1,480, 1,680, 1,920, 2,190, 2,500, 2,750, 2,910, 3,010, 3,080 and 3,090 g, respectively. Conclusions: A national birth weight for Chilean population (a predominant Hispanic population) was constructed. There are not differences between this curve and the standard proposed by WHO (population from California, USA) suggesting that under comparable perinatal indices, ethnicity is not a relevant factor determining birth weight (Rev Med Chile 2004; 132: 1155-65)

Se presenta la distribución de los hallazgos anátomo-patológicos anexiales en pacientes operadas por patología ginecológica durante el período comprendido entre los años 1991 y 2002. Se analiza su frecuencia según edad, localización anatómica y malignidad. El riesgo de cáncer en pacientes operadas con diagnóstico de tumor anexial es 9,5%. El hallazgo incidental de cáncer en pacientes operadas por patología ginecológica benigna es aproximadamente 1 en 3000 casos (0,3%) Distribution of anatomo-pathological findings in the adnexa is shown for patients operated of a gynecological pathology during the period between years 1991 and 2002. Its frequency is analyzed according to age, anatomic location and malignancy. Cancer risk in patients operated of adnexal mass is 9.5%. Incidental finding of cancer in patients operated of benign gynecological pathology is approximately 1 in 3000 cases (0.3%)

RESUMENObjetivo: Evaluar si la adicion de la oximetriade pulso a la evaluacion fetal intraparto con cardio-tocografia (CTG) y pH de cuero cabelludo, mejorala precision del diagnostico de la condicion fetal,permitiendo una reduccion segura del numero departos operatorios y de la necesidad de evaluacioncon pH de cuero cabelludo por sospecha de com-promiso fetal.Metodos: Se realizo un estudio randomizadocontrolado en embarazadas de termino en trabajode parto activo y que tuvieran un monitoreo elec-tronico fetal sospechoso. Se randomizaron 146pacientes: 73 embarazadas con CTG y pH decuero cabelludo (grupo control) y 73 pacientesCTG, pH de cuero cabelludo y oximetria de pulsocontinua (grupo de estudio).Resultados: Hubo una reduccion de mas del50% en el numero de partos operatorios (25 vs49; p

Se comunican 10 casos de tumor de células de la granulosa diagnósticados y/o tratados en nuestra Institución entre 1991 y 2002. Se revisa la forma de presentación, tipo cirugía, utilidad de la biopsia rápida, histología, distribución por etapas, el tipo de tratamiento y seguimiento posterior. El 70% de los casos se presentó en etapa I. En 4 de 5 casos en que se realizó biopsia contemporánea (80%), hubo concordancia con el informe definitivo. La modalidad terapéutica predominante en etapa temprana fue la cirugía (anexectomía en pacientes con deseo de paridad e histerectomia total más anexectomía bilateral en aquellas con paridad cumplida). En pacientes jóvenes diagnosticadas después de la cirugía inicial privilegiamos la reexploración para completar la etapificación. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 38 meses (12-140 meses). Solo hubo una recurrencia, en ganglios periaórticos, y fue tratada con bloqueo hormonal y quimioterapia. Concluimos que el tumor de la granulosa es una entidad poco frecuente, con diferentes formas de presentación clínica pero de buen pronóstico cuando se presenta en etapa temprana (etapa I) y se trata con cirugía sola We report 10 patients with granulosa cell tumor of the ovary diagnosed and/or treated at our institution between 1991 and 2002. A review of the clinical presentation, the surgical approach, the utility of frozen-section biopsy, the histology and the stage of the disease, treatment modalities, and follow-up is done. Eighty percent of the patients were stage I. Four out of five patients whose frozen-section biopsies were done, the diagnosis was confirmed at the definitive report. At early stage, surgery was the main modality of treatment (unilateral salpingo-ophorectomy in patients who wanted to preserve fertility and bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy plus total abdominal hysterectomy who did not). Young patients who were diagnosed after initial surgery underwent complete surgical staging. The median follow-up was 38 months (range 12 to 140 months). Only one recurrence was diagnosed, at the periaortic lymph nodes, and treated with hormone therapy plus chemotherapy. We conclude that the granulosa cell tumor is an uncommon entity with different clinical presentations and with good prognosis when diagnosed at early stage (stage I) and treated with surgery alone